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Remove remaining English word references from grammar explanations (the, a, do, to, etc.)

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alenakrauchanka
2026-03-22 11:24:30 +03:00
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8
008 - Lesson 07 - A Chance Meeting.module
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@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ $LESSON Grammar Notes
$GRAMMAR Grammar: Indirect Objects
INTRO: Let's learn about indirect objects in German.
In a sentence like "The instructor gives the student the book" or "The instructor gives the book to the student", "the book" is the direct object and "(to) the student" is the indirect object. In German, the "der" or "ein" word (including "kein" and possessives) in front of an indirect noun object appears in a special form. When preceding a "der" or "das" noun, it takes the ending "-em", when preceding a "die" noun, it takes the ending "-er".
German has a special form for indirect objects (dative case). In {Der Lehrer gibt dem Schüler das Buch}, {das Buch} is the direct object and {dem Schüler} is the indirect object. The "der" or "ein" word (including "kein" and possessives) in front of an indirect noun object appears in a special form. When preceding a "der" or "das" noun, it takes the ending "-em", when preceding a "die" noun, it takes the ending "-er".
### Noun Endings for Indirect Objects
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ In a sentence like "The instructor gives the student the book" or "The instructo
| {ein Mann} / {ein Kind}<br>{eine Frau} | {einem Mann} / {einem Kind}<br>{einer Frau} |
| {mein Mann} / {mein Kind}<br>{meine Frau} | {meinem Mann} / {meinem Kind}<br>{meiner Frau} |
Pronouns like "I", "he", etc. have an indirect object form too, as shown in sentences like "He gives me the book", "I give him the book". The list of German indirect pronoun objects is as follows:
Pronouns also have a dative (indirect object) form. For example: {Er gibt mir das Buch} (dative: {mir}), {Ich gebe ihm das Buch} (dative: {ihm}). The full list of German dative pronoun forms is as follows:
### Pronoun Forms for Indirect Objects
@@ -35,14 +35,14 @@ Pronouns like "I", "he", etc. have an indirect object form too, as shown in sent
| {ich}<br>{er} / {es}<br>{sie} (she) | {mir}<br>{ihm}<br>{ihr} |
| {wir}<br>{sie} (they)<br>{Sie} (you, formal) | {uns}<br>{ihnen}<br>{Ihnen} |
Some German verbs like {gefallen} (to please), {gehören} (to belong) and a few others can have an indirect object only. Other verbs can have both a direct and an indirect object. If two objects are present, the rules of sequence are as follows:
Some German verbs like {gefallen} and {gehören} can have an indirect object only. Other verbs can have both a direct and an indirect object. If two objects are present, the rules of sequence are as follows:
1. {Der Lehrer gibt dem Schüler das Buch.}
2. {Der Lehrer gibt ihm das Buch.}
3. {Der Lehrer gibt es dem Schüler.}
4. {Der Lehrer gibt es ihm.}
The foregoing examples show that pronouns precede longer phrases and that, if both objects are pronouns, the direct object precedes the indirect. Notice also that German does not use a preposition like "to" to mark indirect objects. The characteristic German indirect object forms are adequate to perform this function.
The foregoing examples show that pronouns precede longer phrases and that, if both objects are pronouns, the direct object precedes the indirect. Notice also that German does not use a separate preposition to mark indirect objects — the dative case form alone indicates the indirect object.
Also covered in this lesson is the German sound r, which is produced differently from the r in many other languages.