From d4f1cd732fed231d4997d8b06ed9a085ac1972b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alenakrauchanka Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 13:43:53 +0300 Subject: [PATCH] Restore curly braces for translation protection in text; keep quotes only in titles --- 001 - Introduction of Reading.module | 42 +++++++++---------- 003 - Lesson 02 - Social Courtesies.module | 2 +- 004 - Lesson 03 - Introductions.module | 4 +- 005 - Lesson 04 - Daily Activities.module | 4 +- 006 - Lesson 05 - In the Classroom.module | 12 +++--- ...- Lesson 06 - Asking for Directions.module | 18 ++++---- ...Lesson 09 - An Invitation to Dinner.module | 22 +++++----- ...sson 13 - Talking About the Weather.module | 6 +-- 016 - Lesson 15 - Vacation Plans.module | 16 +++---- 9 files changed, 63 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-) diff --git a/001 - Introduction of Reading.module b/001 - Introduction of Reading.module index 2a1bf7b..8336440 100644 --- a/001 - Introduction of Reading.module +++ b/001 - Introduction of Reading.module @@ -13,91 +13,91 @@ $LESSON Section 1: Vowels a, e, i, o, u $GRAMMAR Vowel Pronunciation Rules INTRO: Let's learn about the basic German vowels: a, e, i, o, and u. -**a.** The letter "a" stands for short "a" or long "a". +**a.** The letter {a} stands for short {a} or long {a}. -It stands for short "a" in: +It stands for short {a} in: - {als} - {fast} - {Garten} -It stands for long "a" in: +It stands for long {a} in: - {da} - {Rat} - {fragen} -"ah" and "aa" always stand for long "a": +{ah} and {aa} always stand for long {a}: - {nah}, {lahm}, {Bahn} - {Maat}, {Paar}, {Saal} -**b.** The letter "e" stands for extra-short "e", short "e", or long "e". +**b.** The letter {e} stands for extra-short {e}, short {e}, or long {e}. -It stands for extra-short "e" in (occurs only in unstressed syllables): +It stands for extra-short {e} in (occurs only in unstressed syllables): - {habe} - {bekannt} - {getan} -It stands for short "e" in: +It stands for short {e} in: - {elf} - {denn} - {nett} - {rennt} - {fest} -It stands for long "e" in: +It stands for long {e} in: - {den} - {leben} - {Feder} -"eh" and "ee" always stand for long "e": +{eh} and {ee} always stand for long {e}: - {Reh}, {geht}, {fehlt} - {Tee}, {Beet}, {Meer} -**c.** The letter "i" stands for short "i" and long "i". +**c.** The letter {i} stands for short {i} and long {i}. -It stands for short "i" in: +It stands for short {i} in: - {ist} - {Hilfe} - {bitte} -It stands for long "i" in: +It stands for long {i} in: - {Igel} - {Bibel} - {Tiger} -"ie", "ih", and "ieh" always stand for long "i": +{ie}, {ih}, and {ieh} always stand for long {i}: - {die}, {lieber}, {fliegen} - {ihm}, {ihnen}, {ihre} - {sieht}, {fliehen}, {empfiehlt} -**d.** The letter "o" stands for short "o" and long "o". +**d.** The letter {o} stands for short {o} and long {o}. -It stands for short "o" in: +It stands for short {o} in: - {oft} - {konnte} - {Posten} -It stands for long "o" in: +It stands for long {o} in: - {oder} - {tot} - {loben} -"oh" and "oo" always stand for long "o": +{oh} and {oo} always stand for long {o}: - {roh}, {Sohn}, {Kohle} - {Boot}, {Moos}, {Moor} -**e.** The letter "u" stands for short "u" and long "u". +**e.** The letter {u} stands for short {u} and long {u}. -It stands for short "u" in: +It stands for short {u} in: - {bunt} - {Butter} - {drucken} -It stands for long "u" in: +It stands for long {u} in: - {tun} - {nur} - {guten} -"uh" always stands for long "u": +{uh} always stands for long {u}: - {Kuh}, {Uhr}, {ruht} $DIALOGUE Sight Reading Exercise 1 diff --git a/003 - Lesson 02 - Social Courtesies.module b/003 - Lesson 02 - Social Courtesies.module index 66a4881..c42b4bc 100644 --- a/003 - Lesson 02 - Social Courtesies.module +++ b/003 - Lesson 02 - Social Courtesies.module @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ INTRO: This lesson introduces the "ach" sound. The last sound in {ach} (called "ach"-Laut) is produced similarly to the "ich"-Laut from Lesson 1, but farther back in the mouth. It occurs only after the back vowels (a, o, u, au) and is formed in the vicinity of the preceding vowel. **Articulation Exercise:** -To produce the "ach"-Laut, say "u" (as in {Buch}) and notice where the back of your tongue is positioned near the soft palate. Now, keeping your tongue close to the soft palate, exhale forcefully so that you hear friction as the air passes through the narrow gap. This friction sound is the "ach"-Laut. Practice by saying {Buch} — start with "b-u" and finish with this back-of-the-throat friction sound. +To produce the "ach"-Laut, say {u} (as in {Buch}) and notice where the back of your tongue is positioned near the soft palate. Now, keeping your tongue close to the soft palate, exhale forcefully so that you hear friction as the air passes through the narrow gap. This friction sound is the "ach"-Laut. Practice by saying {Buch} — start with "b-u" and finish with this back-of-the-throat friction sound. $LESSON Section 2: Pronunciation diff --git a/004 - Lesson 03 - Introductions.module b/004 - Lesson 03 - Introductions.module index 315207e..613f99d 100644 --- a/004 - Lesson 03 - Introductions.module +++ b/004 - Lesson 03 - Introductions.module @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ The German possessives are: Again, the forms without final "e" are used before {der} and {das} nouns, while the forms with final "e" are used before {die} nouns. -Also covered in this lesson is the German sound "ü", a rounded front vowel that may be unfamiliar. It can be both long and short. +Also covered in this lesson is the German sound {ü}, a rounded front vowel that may be unfamiliar. It can be both long and short. $LESSON Section 2: Pronunciation $GRAMMAR Pronunciation: Long ü @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ Notice the difference between words without and with the short ü sound: - {bitte} vs. {Bütte} ### Articulation -To produce the short ü, say a short "i" sound (as in {mit}). Keep your tongue in this position, but round your lips firmly. The combination of the short "i" tongue position with rounded lips produces the German short ü. Practice with the word {dünn}. Isolate the short ü sound and pronounce it a number of times by itself. +To produce the short ü, say a short {i} sound (as in {mit}). Keep your tongue in this position, but round your lips firmly. The combination of the short {i} tongue position with rounded lips produces the German short ü. Practice with the word {dünn}. Isolate the short ü sound and pronounce it a number of times by itself. $DIALOGUE Repetition Drill - Short ü INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat each word. diff --git a/005 - Lesson 04 - Daily Activities.module b/005 - Lesson 04 - Daily Activities.module index f9b9a81..2733d0d 100644 --- a/005 - Lesson 04 - Daily Activities.module +++ b/005 - Lesson 04 - Daily Activities.module @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ In German sentences the verb is in second position (except in yes-or-no question 2. {Hier lernt der Schüler Deutsch.} 3. {Deutsch lernt der Schüler hier.} -Also covered in this lesson is the German sound "ö", a rounded front vowel that may be unfamiliar. It can be both long and short. +Also covered in this lesson is the German sound {ö}, a rounded front vowel that may be unfamiliar. It can be both long and short. $GRAMMAR Homework INSTRUCTION: Complete the following assignment. @@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ RESPONSE: flösse $GRAMMAR Articulation Exercise: Short ö INSTRUCTION: Follow these instructions to produce the short ö sound. -To produce the short ö, say a short "e" sound (as in {Bett}). Keep your tongue in this position, but round your lips firmly. The combination of the short "e" tongue position with rounded lips produces the German short ö. Practice with the word {Böcken}. Isolate the short ö sound and pronounce it a number of times by itself. +To produce the short ö, say a short {e} sound (as in {Bett}). Keep your tongue in this position, but round your lips firmly. The combination of the short {e} tongue position with rounded lips produces the German short ö. Practice with the word {Böcken}. Isolate the short ö sound and pronounce it a number of times by itself. $DIALOGUE Repetition Drill: Short ö INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the words. diff --git a/006 - Lesson 05 - In the Classroom.module b/006 - Lesson 05 - In the Classroom.module index f796f8b..338cd94 100644 --- a/006 - Lesson 05 - In the Classroom.module +++ b/006 - Lesson 05 - In the Classroom.module @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ In stating a person's occupation, nationality, religion, rank, station, office, $LESSON Section 2: Pronunciation - Long "A" $DIALOGUE Listening Exercise: Long "a" -INSTRUCTION: Listen to the following words with the long "a" sound. +INSTRUCTION: Listen to the following words with the long {a} sound. LINE: aber LINE: da @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ LINE: Glas LINE: haben $DIALOGUE Discrimination Exercise: Long "a" -INSTRUCTION: Listen to the following pairs. Notice which word contains the long "a" sound. +INSTRUCTION: Listen to the following pairs. Notice which word contains the long {a} sound. LINE: wählen - Wahlen LINE: kam - Kamm @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ RESPONSE: Gabel $LESSON Section 3: Pronunciation - Short "A" $DIALOGUE Listening Exercise: Short "a" -INSTRUCTION: Listen to the following words with the short "a" sound. +INSTRUCTION: Listen to the following words with the short {a} sound. LINE: was LINE: lang @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ LINE: Blatt LINE: Klasse $DIALOGUE Discrimination Exercise: Short "a" -INSTRUCTION: Listen to the following pairs. Notice which word contains the short "a" sound. +INSTRUCTION: Listen to the following pairs. Notice which word contains the short {a} sound. LINE: Haft - Heft LINE: Bahnen - bannen @@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ RESPONSE: Gestern. $LESSON Section 8: Reinforcement Drills - Pronunciation $EXERCISE Long "a": Production in isolated words -INSTRUCTION: Substitute the long "a" sound for the first vowel sound in the word you hear. +INSTRUCTION: Substitute the long {a} sound for the first vowel sound in the word you hear. EXAMPLE PROMPT: ohne @@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ PROMPT: Sie bat um ein Glas Wasser. RESPONSE: Sie bat um ein Glas Wasser. $EXERCISE Short "a": Production in isolated words -INSTRUCTION: Substitute the short "a" sound for the first vowel sound in the word you hear. +INSTRUCTION: Substitute the short {a} sound for the first vowel sound in the word you hear. EXAMPLE PROMPT: Esche diff --git a/007 - Lesson 06 - Asking for Directions.module b/007 - Lesson 06 - Asking for Directions.module index f1233b1..a386ce0 100644 --- a/007 - Lesson 06 - Asking for Directions.module +++ b/007 - Lesson 06 - Asking for Directions.module @@ -44,11 +44,11 @@ The words "der", "das", "die" sometimes take the place of "er", "es", "sie", emp {Der Mann kennt übrigens Doktor Hagemann gut; der ist nämlich sein Arzt.} -Also covered in this lesson is the German sound "o", which can be both long and short. +Also covered in this lesson is the German sound {o}, which can be both long and short. $LESSON Section 2: Pronunciation - Long "o" $DIALOGUE Listening Exercise: Long "o" -INSTRUCTION: Listen to the following words focusing on the long "o" sound. +INSTRUCTION: Listen to the following words focusing on the long {o} sound. LINE: oder LINE: so @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ LINE: Mond LINE: verboten $EXERCISE Repetition Drill: Long "o" -INTRO: Practice the following words with the long "o" sound. +INTRO: Practice the following words with the long {o} sound. INSTRUCTION: Listen to each word and repeat it with correct German pronunciation. PROMPT: schon @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ RESPONSE: gotisch $LESSON Section 3: Pronunciation - Short "o" $DIALOGUE Listening Exercise: Short "o" -INSTRUCTION: Listen to the following words focusing on the short "o" sound. +INSTRUCTION: Listen to the following words focusing on the short {o} sound. LINE: offen LINE: Sonne @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ LINE: Politik LINE: Geschoss $EXERCISE Discrimination Exercise: Short "o" -INSTRUCTION: In each pair, identify the word with the short "o" sound by saying 1 or 2. +INSTRUCTION: In each pair, identify the word with the short {o} sound by saying 1 or 2. PROMPT: 1. kosten, 2. Schoss RESPONSE: 1 @@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ LINE: Sonntag LINE: gekommen $EXERCISE Minimal Pair Drill: Short "o" to Long "o" -INSTRUCTION: Listen to the word with a short "o" and produce the corresponding word with a long "o". +INSTRUCTION: Listen to the word with a short {o} and produce the corresponding word with a long {o}. EXAMPLE PROMPT: offen @@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ PROMPT: hold RESPONSE: holt $EXERCISE Minimal Pair Drill: Long "o" to Short "o" -INSTRUCTION: Listen to the word with a long "o" and produce the corresponding word with a short "o". +INSTRUCTION: Listen to the word with a long {o} and produce the corresponding word with a short {o}. EXAMPLE PROMPT: Sohne @@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ RESPONSE: Ja. $LESSON Section 7: Reinforcement Drills $EXERCISE Pronunciation: Long "o" in isolated words -INSTRUCTION: Substitute the long "o" sound for the first vowel sound in the word you hear. +INSTRUCTION: Substitute the long {o} sound for the first vowel sound in the word you hear. EXAMPLE PROMPT: las @@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ LINE: Er wohnt gleich am Dom. LINE: Beethoven vertonte die Ode. $EXERCISE Pronunciation: Short "o" in isolated words -INSTRUCTION: Substitute the short "o" sound for the first vowel sound in the word you hear. +INSTRUCTION: Substitute the short {o} sound for the first vowel sound in the word you hear. EXAMPLE PROMPT: Mast diff --git a/010 - Lesson 09 - An Invitation to Dinner.module b/010 - Lesson 09 - An Invitation to Dinner.module index 0989751..947a694 100644 --- a/010 - Lesson 09 - An Invitation to Dinner.module +++ b/010 - Lesson 09 - An Invitation to Dinner.module @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ INTRO: Here are some cultural notes regarding formal address in German. $LESSON Section 2: Pronunciation $DIALOGUE Long "e" Listening Exercise -INSTRUCTION: Listen to the pronunciation of the long "e" sound. +INSTRUCTION: Listen to the pronunciation of the long {e} sound. LINE: eben LINE: Tee @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ LINE: nehmen LINE: vergeben $DIALOGUE Long "e" Discrimination Exercise -INSTRUCTION: Listen to the following German words with the long "e" sound. +INSTRUCTION: Listen to the following German words with the long {e} sound. LINE: Klee LINE: geht @@ -84,10 +84,10 @@ LINE: leg LINE: Leber LINE: laden -$GRAMMAR Articulation Exercise: long "e" +$GRAMMAR Articulation Exercise: long {e} INSTRUCTION: Read the articulation instructions. -To produce the German long "e", open your mouth slightly and position your tongue relatively high and forward in the mouth. The lips should be slightly spread (not rounded). The key is to keep the sound pure and steady — do not let your tongue glide upward at the end. The result should be the German exclamation {he!}. Isolate the long "e" sound and pronounce it a number of times by itself. +To produce the German long {e}, open your mouth slightly and position your tongue relatively high and forward in the mouth. The lips should be slightly spread (not rounded). The key is to keep the sound pure and steady — do not let your tongue glide upward at the end. The result should be the German exclamation {he!}. Isolate the long {e} sound and pronounce it a number of times by itself. $EXERCISE Long "e" Repetition Drill INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the German words. @@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ PROMPT: Vetter RESPONSE: Väter $DIALOGUE Final short "e" Listening Exercise -INSTRUCTION: Listen to the pronunciation of the final short "e" sound. +INSTRUCTION: Listen to the pronunciation of the final short {e} sound. LINE: Binde LINE: Marke @@ -194,10 +194,10 @@ LINE: rosa - Rose LINE: Motte - Motto LINE: Gotha - Gote -$GRAMMAR Articulation Exercise: Final short "e" +$GRAMMAR Articulation Exercise: Final short {e} INSTRUCTION: Read the articulation instructions. -The final short "e" (called "Schwa") is a very brief, relaxed, neutral vowel. To produce it, relax your mouth completely and produce a very short, unstressed "uh" sound. Listen to the word {Scheine} — the final -e is this brief, neutral sound. Isolate it and pronounce it a number of times by itself. +The final short {e} (called "Schwa") is a very brief, relaxed, neutral vowel. To produce it, relax your mouth completely and produce a very short, unstressed "uh" sound. Listen to the word {Scheine} — the final -e is this brief, neutral sound. Isolate it and pronounce it a number of times by itself. $EXERCISE Final short "e" Repetition Drill INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the German words. @@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ PROMPT: diese RESPONSE: diese $EXERCISE Final short "e" Contrastive Drill -INSTRUCTION: Produce the final short "e" form as modeled. +INSTRUCTION: Produce the final short {e} form as modeled. EXAMPLE PROMPT: linden @@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ PROMPT: villain RESPONSE: Wille $EXERCISE Final short "e" Minimal Pair Drill -INSTRUCTION: Convert the final sound to short "e". +INSTRUCTION: Convert the final sound to short {e}. EXAMPLE PROMPT: Kola @@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ RESPONSE: Nein, man sagt „Auf Wiederhören!“. $LESSON Section 6: Reinforcement Drills $EXERCISE Pronunciation: Long "e" in isolated words -INSTRUCTION: Substitute long "e" for the first vowel sound as modeled. +INSTRUCTION: Substitute long {e} for the first vowel sound as modeled. EXAMPLE PROMPT: sagen @@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ PROMPT: Der Lehrer trägt ein schweres Paket. RESPONSE: Der Lehrer trägt ein schweres Paket. $EXERCISE Pronunciation: Final short "e" in isolated words -INSTRUCTION: Substitute short "e" for the final vowel sound. +INSTRUCTION: Substitute short {e} for the final vowel sound. EXAMPLE PROMPT: Lotto diff --git a/014 - Lesson 13 - Talking About the Weather.module b/014 - Lesson 13 - Talking About the Weather.module index a02d8ee..3cfe783 100644 --- a/014 - Lesson 13 - Talking About the Weather.module +++ b/014 - Lesson 13 - Talking About the Weather.module @@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ The contrast is also apparent in the two question words for "where?": ### Notes on the Writing System **1. ä, ö, ü** -- **ä**, when short, stands for the same sound as short "e". When long, stands for the same sound as long "e". -- **ö** stands for long or short lip-rounded "e": {schön}, {können} -- **ü** stands for long or short lip-rounded "i": {Tür}, {Schütze} +- **ä**, when short, stands for the same sound as short {e}. When long, stands for the same sound as long {e}. +- **ö** stands for long or short lip-rounded {e}: {schön}, {können} +- **ü** stands for long or short lip-rounded {i}: {Tür}, {Schütze} - **ä**, **ö** and **ü** are always read long when followed by an h: {wählen}, {gewöhnlich}, {führen}. **2. Diphthongs** diff --git a/016 - Lesson 15 - Vacation Plans.module b/016 - Lesson 15 - Vacation Plans.module index 8bd1fe3..5eedd6e 100644 --- a/016 - Lesson 15 - Vacation Plans.module +++ b/016 - Lesson 15 - Vacation Plans.module @@ -53,21 +53,21 @@ INTRO: Review these important notes on the German writing system, consonants, an ### 1. Various Consonants and Consonant Groups -"v" is read as f in native German words ({vor}, {vier}, {Vater}) and at the end of words. It is read as v only in words of foreign origin ({Villa}, {Volumen}, {vakant}). +{v} is read as f in native German words ({vor}, {vier}, {Vater}) and at the end of words. It is read as v only in words of foreign origin ({Villa}, {Volumen}, {vakant}). -"w" is always read as a voiced /v/ sound. +{w} is always read as a voiced /v/ sound. -"qu" is read as the cluster kv ({Quark}). +{qu} is read as the cluster kv ({Quark}). -"j" is always read like the y in "yet", never like the j in "jet". +{j} is always read like the y in "yet", never like the j in "jet". -"y" This letter is used infrequently in German. When preceding or following a vowel it is read as a /j/ sound ({Yacht}, {Yokohama}, {Bayern}). When preceding or following a consonant, it is read either like long "ü" ({Typ}, {Lyrik}, {Analyse}) or short "ü" ({Gymnasium}, {System}, {Tyrann}). +{y} This letter is used infrequently in German. When preceding or following a vowel it is read as a /j/ sound ({Yacht}, {Yokohama}, {Bayern}). When preceding or following a consonant, it is read either like long "ü" ({Typ}, {Lyrik}, {Analyse}) or short "ü" ({Gymnasium}, {System}, {Tyrann}). -"x" and "chs" (except where the s is part of a grammatical ending) are both read as the cluster /ks/. +{x} and {chs} (except where the s is part of a grammatical ending) are both read as the cluster /ks/. -"dt" is read like t(t) ({Stadt}, {verwandt}, {Gesandter}). +{dt} is read like t(t) ({Stadt}, {verwandt}, {Gesandter}). -"th" is always read simply as /t/ ({Thron}, {Mathematik}, {Günther}). +{th} is always read simply as /t/ ({Thron}, {Mathematik}, {Günther}). ### 2. Punctuation