Remove all English-specific references from modules. Rewrite pronunciation instructions, grammar comparisons, reading rules, and exercises to be language-agnostic so the course works for students of any native language.

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2026-03-22 10:50:00 +03:00
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@@ -55,27 +55,27 @@ INTRO: Review these important notes on the German writing system, consonants, an
{v} is read as f in native German words ({vor}, {vier}, {Vater}) and at the end of words. It is read as v only in words of foreign origin ({Villa}, {Volumen}, {vakant}).
{w} is always read like English v, never like English w.
{w} is always read as a voiced /v/ sound.
{qu} is read as the cluster kv ({Quark}).
{j} is always read like the y in "yet", never like the j in "jet".
{y} This letter is used infrequently in German. When preceding or following a vowel it is read like the y in the English word "yet" ({Yacht}, {Yokohama}, {Bayern}). When preceding or following a consonant, it is read either like long ü ({Typ}, {Lyrik}, {Analyse}) or short ü ({Gymnasium}, {System}, {Tyrann}).
{y} This letter is used infrequently in German. When preceding or following a vowel it is read as a /j/ sound ({Yacht}, {Yokohama}, {Bayern}). When preceding or following a consonant, it is read either like long ü ({Typ}, {Lyrik}, {Analyse}) or short ü ({Gymnasium}, {System}, {Tyrann}).
{x} and {chs} (except where the s is part of a grammatical ending) are both read as the cluster ks. {chs} is used in a considerable number of words whose English equivalent has x, e.g. in {sechs}, {Wachs}, {Fuchs}, {Ochse}.
{x} and {chs} (except where the s is part of a grammatical ending) are both read as the cluster /ks/.
{dt} is read like t(t) ({Stadt}, {verwandt}, {Gesandter}).
{th} is always read like t, never like English th ({Thron}, {Mathematik}, {Günther}).
{th} is always read simply as /t/ ({Thron}, {Mathematik}, {Günther}).
### 2. Punctuation
{.} (Punkt), {?} (Fragezeichen), and {;} (Semikolon or Strichpunkt) are used much as they are in English.
{.} (Punkt), {?} (Fragezeichen), and {;} (Semikolon or Strichpunkt) are used in standard ways.
The {!} (Ausrufezeichen) is used not only as an exclamation mark but also terminates all utterances containing a command form ({Kommen Sie!}, {Ziehen Sie sich an!}).
Employment of the {,} (Komma) differs from English usage in two ways:
There are two important rules for using the {,} (Komma) in German:
(a) German phrases (sentence elements not containing a verb) are not separated from the remainder of the sentence by commas.
- {Am Wochenende fährt er immer nach Hause.}