$MODULE Book 12 · Lesson 5: Review — Conjunctions, Reported Speech, and the Present Perfect {st-page_131_001.jpg}
FORMAT: 2
DESCRIPTION: Review lesson (no new material): combining sentences with so/but/and/or, reported speech, if-sentences, still/already/yet/anymore, -ed/-ing adjectives, comparatives, the present perfect, and the week's vocabulary.
TARGET_LANG_G: en
HOME_LANG_G: en
VOICE_DEFAULT: aoede | Clear, friendly American English narrator
VOICE_INTRO: aoede | Speak like a warm, slightly wry teacher
VOICE_PROMPT: gacrux | Questions and cues, read clearly
VOICE_RESPONSE: schedar | Model answers, warm and clear
$LESSON 5-1: Combining Sentences, Reporting Speech, and If
# Source: ST §So, But, And, Or (l5-s1)
$PRODUCE So, But, And, Or
ID: l5-s1
INTRO: This is review week — no new grammar, just everything from the last four lessons back for a second look. First, you'll read pairs of sentences and combine each pair into one sentence aloud, using or, and, but, or so.
INSTRUCTION: Combine the sentences aloud. Use or, and, but, or so.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
SHOW_PROMPT
RUBRIC: Accept a correctly combined sentence using one of the given conjunctions (so, but, and, or) that makes logical sense.
PROMPT: Mark could charge the shirt. He could pay cash for it.
RESPONSE: Mark could charge the shirt, or he could pay cash for it.
PROMPT: Helen wanted to visit her family. She had to leave before she could see them.
RESPONSE: Helen wanted to visit her family, but she had to leave before she could see them.
PROMPT: Kathy wanted to get her bachelor's degree. She went back to college.
RESPONSE: Kathy wanted to get her bachelor's degree, so she went back to college.
PROMPT: The problem was confusing. They discussed it.
RESPONSE: The problem was confusing, so they discussed it.
PROMPT: He likes working with young children. He likes teaching them.
RESPONSE: He likes working with young children, and he likes teaching them.
PROMPT: Herb listened to the discussion. He didn't change his mind.
RESPONSE: Herb listened to the discussion, but he didn't change his mind.
PROMPT: You can order soup if you like. You can order a sandwich.
RESPONSE: You can order soup if you like, or you can order a sandwich.
PROMPT: Jan studied at the university. She worked in a restaurant.
RESPONSE: Jan studied at the university, and she worked in a restaurant.
# Source: ST §What Did He Say? (l5-s2)
$PRODUCE What Did He Say?
ID: l5-s2
INTRO: Now reported speech. You'll read a short exchange, then tell me what the second speaker said — "He said that..." Remember to change the pronouns; the speakers won't do it for you.
INSTRUCTION: Read the dialog and answer the question aloud using indirect speech.
RUBRIC: Accept any grammatically correct indirect speech sentence reporting what the second speaker said (e.g., "Ben said that they have a two-car garage."). A pronoun ("he"/"she") or the name is fine, "that" is optional, and present or backshifted past tense are both acceptable.
RESPONSE: Ben said that they have a two-car garage.
TEMPLATE: Cal: Do they want to enlarge their whole house?
TEMPLATE: Dan: No, they just want to add on a den and a patio.
PROMPT: What did Dan say?
RESPONSE: Dan said that they just want to add on a den and a patio.
TEMPLATE: Eldon: Do they have a fireplace?
TEMPLATE: Jerry: Yes, they have two fireplaces.
PROMPT: What did Jerry say?
RESPONSE: Jerry said that they have two fireplaces.
TEMPLATE: Frank: Is your dining room large enough for all of your family?
TEMPLATE: George: No, some of us sit in the kitchen.
PROMPT: What did George say?
RESPONSE: George said that some of them sit in the kitchen.
TEMPLATE: Herb: Can you heat that in the oven?
TEMPLATE: Brad: Yes, but the microwave is faster.
PROMPT: What did Brad say?
RESPONSE: Brad said that the microwave is faster.
TEMPLATE: Jean: Do you collect records or cassettes?
TEMPLATE: Jim: I collect records to play on my stereo.
PROMPT: What did Jim say?
RESPONSE: Jim said that he collects records to play on his stereo.
TEMPLATE: Keith: Where are the bedrooms?
TEMPLATE: Nicky: The bedrooms are upstairs.
PROMPT: What did Nicky say?
RESPONSE: Nicky said that the bedrooms are upstairs.
TEMPLATE: Sam: Do you like to have get-togethers at your house?
TEMPLATE: Rick: Yes, I do.
PROMPT: What did Rick say?
RESPONSE: Rick said that he likes to have get-togethers at his house.
# Source: ST §Match the Phrases (l5-s3)
$SELECT Match the Phrases
ID: l5-s3
INTRO: Two friends are talking about some truly terrible weather. Complete each line of their conversation by tapping the phrase that finishes it — every sentence here uses "if".
INSTRUCTION: Tap the matching phrase to complete the sentence.
OPTION: a | you should leave soon.
OPTION: b | close the roads if it gets too bad.
OPTION: c | if that happens?
OPTION: d | if it clears up.
OPTION: e | I'll stop until it clears up.
OPTION: f | it'll be dangerous to drive.
TEMPLATE: If this rain freezes,
ANSWER: f
TEMPLATE: Well, if they do that,
ANSWER: e
TEMPLATE: The weather's terrible. If you're leaving,
ANSWER: a
TEMPLATE: What'll you do
ANSWER: c
TEMPLATE: I expect to leave at noon
ANSWER: d
TEMPLATE: Yes, but the police will
ANSWER: b
# Source: ST §Put the Dialog in Order (l5-s4)
$SELECT Put the Dialog in Order
ID: l5-s4
ORDER
INTRO: Same rainy conversation, one more pass: now arrange the whole dialog in order, from the first line to the last.
INSTRUCTION: Put the dialog in order.
TEMPLATE: Arrange the sentences to make a dialog.
OPTION: a | The weather's terrible. If you're leaving, you should leave soon.
OPTION: b | I expect to leave at noon if it clears up.
OPTION: c | If this rain freezes, it'll be dangerous to drive.
OPTION: d | Yes, but the police will close the roads if it gets too bad.
OPTION: e | What'll you do if that happens?
OPTION: f | Well, if they do that, I'll stop until it clears up.
ANSWER: a,b,c,d,e,f
# Source: ST §May Be, Is Not, Is (l5-s5) — recast from an awkward typed fill into True/False meaning checks
$SELECT What Does "Suppose" Mean?
ID: l5-s5
INTRO: A quick meaning check on the word "suppose". Decide whether each statement about it is true or false.
INSTRUCTION: Tap True or False.
OPTION: t | True
OPTION: f | False
TEMPLATE: "I *suppose* that they are happy" means the speaker *knows* they are happy.
ANSWER: f
TEMPLATE: "I *suppose* that they are happy" means the speaker *thinks* they are happy.
ANSWER: t
TEMPLATE: A speaker who says "I *suppose* they are happy" is completely sure about it.
ANSWER: f
TEMPLATE: "I suppose" can also show that the subject is not very important to the speaker.
ANSWER: t
# SKIPPED (book): "HAT HAT BAT" — instructor-read sound discrimination with only a bare a/b/c answer grid; no printed stimuli. Convertible later with chosen items + TTS.
# SKIPPED (book): "TRAVEL" — passage annotation (underline the important words); not supported.
# SKIPPED (book): "WHAT ABOUT YOU?" — open, co-constructed pair task (ask your neighbor); no solo path.
# Source: ST §What Did He Decide? (l5-s6)
$DIALOGUE What Did He Decide?
ID: l5-s6
INTRO: Two conversations about decisions — a new job in Dallas, and a vacation that keeps changing. Joe changes his mind so often his friends have stopped keeping track. Just listen and read.
INSTRUCTION: Read the dialogs.
Tom: What did Joe decide to do about the job offers?
Hal: He decided to take the one in Dallas.
Tom: Instead of the one in Houston? Why did he do that?
Hal: The pay is good, and he wants to take some courses at the university there.
Tom: When does he plan to leave?
Hal: Sometime next month.
Tom: Is he going by plane?
Hal: No, he's going to drive.
Narrator: Now a second conversation — about a vacation.
Don: What are you going to do for your vacation next month?
Joe: I've decided to go to the mountains.
Don: I thought you decided to go to the beach?
Joe: I changed my mind.
Don: Why? What made you change your mind?
Joe: It's too hot on the beach, and I like winter sports.
Don: Is your mind made up this time?
Joe: Yes. I've thought it over, and I've made my choice.
# Source: ST §So? Or? (l5-s7)
$PRODUCE So? Or?
ID: l5-s7
INTRO: More sentence combining, this time with just "so" and "or" — result, or choice. Say each combined sentence aloud.
INSTRUCTION: Combine the two sentences aloud. Use "so" or "or".
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
SHOW_PROMPT
RUBRIC: Accept a correctly combined sentence using "so" or "or".
PROMPT: Ted refused the offer. He didn't go to work at the college.
RESPONSE: Ted refused the offer, so he didn't go to work at the college.
PROMPT: Mark could keep on working. He could retire.
RESPONSE: Mark could keep on working, or he could retire.
PROMPT: Joan accepted the decision. Her father felt better.
RESPONSE: Joan accepted the decision, so her father felt better.
PROMPT: They offered Hal a choice. He thought it over.
RESPONSE: They offered Hal a choice, so he thought it over.
PROMPT: You can get a degree in education at the university. There is a degree in another profession.
RESPONSE: You can get a degree in education at the university, or there is a degree in another profession.
PROMPT: They'll go to high school. They'll go to technical school.
RESPONSE: They'll go to high school, or they'll go to technical school.
PROMPT: Fred made up his mind to get a diploma. He went back to high school.
RESPONSE: Fred made up his mind to get a diploma, so he went back to high school.
PROMPT: Madge could take the mathematics course. She could take the language course.
RESPONSE: Madge could take the mathematics course, or she could take the language course.
$LESSON 5-2: Still, Anymore, and Word Meanings
# Source: ST §Already or Yet? (l5-s8)
$PRODUCE Already or Yet?
ID: l5-s8
INTRO: In this part you'll review small words with big jobs — still, already, yet, anymore — then word endings and word meanings. Start by typing the missing word in each sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Complete the sentences with already, yet, still, anymore, or any longer.
INPUT: type
CHECK: exact
TEMPLATE: Does Herb ____{still} come to see her?
RESPONSE: Does Herb still come to see her?
TEMPLATE: He doesn't work at that restaurant ____{anymore|any longer}.
RESPONSE: He doesn't work at that restaurant anymore.
TEMPLATE: Has Sally ____{already} gotten her degree?
RESPONSE: Has Sally already gotten her degree?
TEMPLATE: Have the Britts moved to New York ____{yet}?
RESPONSE: Have the Britts moved to New York yet?
TEMPLATE: John doesn't live here ____{anymore|any longer}.
RESPONSE: John doesn't live here anymore.
TEMPLATE: Mary ____{still} doesn't have her degree.
RESPONSE: Mary still doesn't have her degree.
TEMPLATE: Has Fred made up his mind about a career ____{yet}?
RESPONSE: Has Fred made up his mind about a career yet?
TEMPLATE: Jane ____{already} knows what she wants to do.
RESPONSE: Jane already knows what she wants to do.
TEMPLATE: She didn't want to discuss it ____{anymore|any longer}.
RESPONSE: She didn't want to discuss it anymore.
TEMPLATE: We never see him ____{anymore|any longer}.
RESPONSE: We never see him anymore.
# SKIPPED (book): "SPRING IN TEXAS" — passage annotation and instructor-read questions with no printed stimuli.
# Source: ST §Confused or Confusing? (l5-s9)
$SELECT Confused or Confusing?
ID: l5-s9
INTRO: Confused or confusing? Remember: the -ed form tells how someone feels, and the -ing form tells what causes the feeling. Tap the right word for each sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the correct word to complete the sentence.
TEMPLATE: The builder was ____ by the plans.
OPTION: a | confusing
OPTION: b | confused
ANSWER: b
TEMPLATE: They were ____ in the plans for the get-together.
OPTION: a | interesting
OPTION: b | interested
ANSWER: b
TEMPLATE: Edith was ____ about her idea for the meeting.
OPTION: a | exciting
OPTION: b | excited
ANSWER: b
TEMPLATE: The music on the stereo was ____.
OPTION: a | boring
OPTION: b | bored
ANSWER: a
TEMPLATE: The ____ child wanted the light on while he slept.
OPTION: a | frightening
OPTION: b | frightened
ANSWER: b
TEMPLATE: The exercises were ____.
OPTION: a | tiring
OPTION: b | tired
ANSWER: a
TEMPLATE: They found the solution to the problem ____.
OPTION: a | confusing
OPTION: b | confused
ANSWER: a
TEMPLATE: Marge found living in the suburbs ____.
OPTION: a | exciting
OPTION: b | excited
ANSWER: a
TEMPLATE: The storm was ____.
OPTION: a | frightening
OPTION: b | frightened
ANSWER: a
TEMPLATE: The language cassettes were ____.
OPTION: a | interesting
OPTION: b | interested
ANSWER: a
# Source: ST §What Does That Mean? (l5-s10)
$SELECT What Does That Mean?
ID: l5-s10
INTRO: Now some vocabulary from the week. Read each sentence and tap the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the meaning of the underlined word.
TEMPLATE: Mark is *certain* he wants to go to that university. He has made up his mind.
OPTION: a | cautious
OPTION: b | not sure
OPTION: c | sure
ANSWER: c
TEMPLATE: Helen woke at 6:00 when the alarm clock rang, but she didn't *get up* until 6:30.
OPTION: a | stopped drawing
OPTION: b | stopped sleeping
OPTION: c | stopped reading
ANSWER: b
TEMPLATE: Hank *owes* a lot of money to the bank for his new car.
OPTION: a | has to count
OPTION: b | has to lend
OPTION: c | has to pay
ANSWER: c
TEMPLATE: The Youngs have *paid back* the money to the bank. They don't have to give the bank any more money.
OPTION: a | given back
OPTION: b | borrowed back
OPTION: c | asked for
ANSWER: a
TEMPLATE: Madge is *fond of* children and enjoys having them visit her.
OPTION: a | likes
OPTION: b | works with
OPTION: c | has
ANSWER: a
# SKIPPED (book): "A SUMMARY" — paragraph composition (write a summary) is deferred.
# Source: ST §She Could Be at the Library (l5-s12)
$DIALOGUE She Could Be at the Library
ID: l5-s12
INTRO: Two more conversations, full of "could be" and "may be" — nobody in them is sure of anything, which is exactly the point. Just listen and read.
INSTRUCTION: Read the dialogs.
George: Where is Jean? We planned to get together and study tonight.
Monty: She could be in the barracks. I saw her there a few minutes ago.
George: I've already been there. Where else could she be?
Monty: She has a test tomorrow, so she may be at the library.
George: Which one? The base library or the school library?
Monty: I'm not sure. She uses both.
George: Thanks. I'll have to try them both.
Monty: Good luck!
Narrator: Now a second conversation — about a car with problems.
Dave: John called. He said he'd be late. He's having car trouble. What do you think is the matter with his car?
Mark: It could be anything. His car is very old.
Dave: Yes, it is. It could be the tires. They seemed low yesterday.
Mark: Or it may be the motor. It really sounded noisy. He might just need a tune-up.
Dave: Perhaps it's the lights. They weren't working right last night. He may have stopped to get them fixed.
Mark: Like I said, when a car's that old, it could be anything.
# Source: ST §Who Arrived Earlier? (l5-s13)
$PRODUCE Who Arrived Earlier?
ID: l5-s13
INTRO: Comparing with adverbs: who arrived earlier, who drives faster. Read the facts, then type the comparison using the word in parentheses.
INSTRUCTION: Complete the sentences using the -er comparative form of the adverb.
INPUT: type
CHECK: exact
TEMPLATE: John arrived at 0800. Bob arrived at 0900. (early)
TEMPLATE: John arrived ____{earlier than Bob}.
RESPONSE: John arrived earlier than Bob.
ACCEPT: earlier | earlier than Bob
TEMPLATE: Bill always drives at 55 mph. Lynn drives at 60 mph. (fast)
TEMPLATE: Lynn drives ____{faster than Bill}.
RESPONSE: Lynn drives faster than Bill.
ACCEPT: faster | faster than Bill
TEMPLATE: Sam traveled 200 miles to hunt deer. Fred traveled 150 miles. (far)
TEMPLATE: The Smiths arrived at the party before the Johnsons. (soon)
TEMPLATE: The Smiths arrived at the party ____{sooner than the Johnsons}.
RESPONSE: The Smiths arrived at the party sooner than the Johnsons.
ACCEPT: sooner | sooner than the Johnsons
TEMPLATE: Frank can repair four flat tires in an hour. Bill can repair only two. (slow)
TEMPLATE: Bill works ____{slower than Frank|more slowly than Frank}.
RESPONSE: Bill works more slowly than Frank.
ACCEPT: slower | more slowly | slower than Frank | more slowly than Frank
$LESSON 5-3: The Present Perfect, Vocabulary, and Sounds
# Source: ST §How Long...? (l5-s14)
$SELECT How Long...?
ID: l5-s14
INTRO: Last part: the present perfect — have done, have eaten, have flown — plus the week's vocabulary and a few sound checks to finish. Tap the correct form to complete each sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the correct answer to complete the sentence.
TEMPLATE: How long have you lived there?
OPTION: a | I've lived there for a year.
OPTION: b | I live there for a year.
OPTION: c | I living there for a year.
ANSWER: a
TEMPLATE: They have ____ the house they want to buy.
OPTION: a | chose
OPTION: b | chosen
OPTION: c | choose
ANSWER: b
TEMPLATE: Mel hasn't ____ in that restaurant for years.
OPTION: a | ate
OPTION: b | eat
OPTION: c | eaten
ANSWER: c
TEMPLATE: The major has ____ planes since 1986.
OPTION: a | flown
OPTION: b | flew
OPTION: c | fly
ANSWER: a
TEMPLATE: Have you ____ Jim for a very long time?
OPTION: a | known
OPTION: b | know
OPTION: c | knew
ANSWER: a
TEMPLATE: How often has Sam ____ after work?
OPTION: a | remain
OPTION: b | stay
OPTION: c | remained
ANSWER: c
TEMPLATE: How long has it been ____?
OPTION: a | for you seeing Nell
OPTION: b | since you've seen Nell
OPTION: c | you see Nell
ANSWER: b
TEMPLATE: We have ____ them for weeks:
OPTION: a | expecting
OPTION: b | expected
OPTION: c | expect
ANSWER: b
TEMPLATE: Jim and Jane haven't ____ to a movie in weeks.
OPTION: a | go
OPTION: b | see
OPTION: c | been
ANSWER: c
TEMPLATE: She has ____ him every week for a year.
OPTION: a | written
OPTION: b | write
OPTION: c | wrote
ANSWER: a
TEMPLATE: The plane is flying too ____. It's not high enough.
OPTION: a | quiet
OPTION: b | low
OPTION: c | deep
ANSWER: b
TEMPLATE: Clay moved into his ____ apartment yesterday.
OPTION: a | own
OPTION: b | just
OPTION: c | calm
ANSWER: a
# Source: ST §Words to Use (l5-s15)
$GRAMMAR Words to Use
ID: l5-s15
INTRO: Here are the review words for this lesson, all in one box. Tap any word to hear it — you'll use them in the next activity, so keep them handy.
INTRO: Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box. This one is open-book — the word box stays a tap away, so use it whenever you're stuck.
INSTRUCTION: Type the missing word or phrase from the list.
INPUT: type
CHECK: exact
TEMPLATE: Linda wants to ____{remain} in Spain until spring.
RESPONSE: Linda wants to remain in Spain until spring.
TEMPLATE: The movie ____{lasted} more than three hours.
RESPONSE: The movie lasted more than three hours.
TEMPLATE: Pete ____{slipped} on the icy road and fell.
RESPONSE: Pete slipped on the icy road and fell.
TEMPLATE: Mr. Sparks ____{expects to} travel to Egypt next year.
RESPONSE: Mr. Sparks expects to travel to Egypt next year.
TEMPLATE: ____{None} of those books are his. He doesn't have any books.
RESPONSE: None of those books are his. He doesn't have any books.
TEMPLATE: The rain last night caused the heat to be ____{unpleasant}.
RESPONSE: The rain last night caused the heat to be unpleasant.
TEMPLATE: Everybody is here ____{except} Mary. She's sick.
RESPONSE: Everybody is here except Mary. She's sick.
TEMPLATE: He doesn't ____{ever} go to the movies.
RESPONSE: He doesn't ever go to the movies.
TEMPLATE: It's too hot to go fishing. I'll stay indoors ____{instead}.
RESPONSE: It's too hot to go fishing. I'll stay indoors instead.
TEMPLATE: Ron will ____{turn down} the job offer. He doesn't want it.
RESPONSE: Ron will turn down the job offer. He doesn't want it.
TEMPLATE: The water is ____{deep} and dangerous in that place.
RESPONSE: The water is deep and dangerous in that place.
TEMPLATE: ____{If} I have to take my vacation in the winter, I'll go to the mountains.
RESPONSE: If I have to take my vacation in the winter, I'll go to the mountains.
TEMPLATE: The weather of a place is its ____{climate}.
RESPONSE: The weather of a place is its climate.
TEMPLATE: Next year, I want to ____{take} some courses at the college.
RESPONSE: Next year, I want to take some courses at the college.
TEMPLATE: My aunt ____{no longer} lives in New York. She lives here now.
RESPONSE: My aunt no longer lives in New York. She lives here now.
TEMPLATE: A ____{sea} is full of salty water.
RESPONSE: A sea is full of salty water.
TEMPLATE: When will the show ____{be over}? I want to go home soon.
RESPONSE: When will the show be over? I want to go home soon.
TEMPLATE: Betty likes being at the beach because it is ____{calm} and ____{quiet}.
RESPONSE: Betty likes being at the beach because it is calm and quiet.
TEMPLATE: A long vacation is a nice ____{thought} right now.
RESPONSE: A long vacation is a nice thought right now.
TEMPLATE: We ____{could use} some help.
RESPONSE: We could use some help.
# SKIPPED (book): "Write the words these letters make." — letter anagrams (crossword/word-search family).
# Source: ST §What Does It Sound Like? (l5-s11) — moved to the end of the module (skills strand floats)
$SELECT What Does It Sound Like?
ID: l5-s11
INTRO: One last check — sounds, not spellings. Tap the word that has the same sound as the underlined part. That's the end of this book's review — well done.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the word that has the same sound as the underlined part.
