$MODULE Book 11 · Lesson 2: This Street Is One-Way! {st-page_042_001.jpg}
FORMAT: 2
DESCRIPTION: Driving and traffic vocabulary, signs and signals, indefinite pronouns (someone, anyone, nobody), become and get, adjective clauses with who/which/that, and safe-driving practice.
TARGET_LANG_G: en
HOME_LANG_G: en
VOICE_DEFAULT: aoede | Clear, friendly American English narrator
VOICE_PROMPT: gacrux | Questions and cues, read clearly
VOICE_RESPONSE: schedar | Model answers, warm and clear
INTRO: In this lesson you'll learn to talk about driving — traffic, signs, signals, and how to stay calm behind the wheel. First, meet Carl, a student driver who is having a very hard morning. Just listen.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the paragraphs.
VOCAB: instructor
LINE: Carl is a student driver. Mr. Ford is his instructor. {bk11-l2a-f1-09.mp3}
LINE: Yesterday, Carl practiced driving on roads without much traffic. {bk11-l2a-f1-10.mp3}
VOCAB: relaxed
LINE: He was relaxed and enjoyed his lesson. {bk11-l2a-f1-11.mp3}
LINE: Today is different. He's driving downtown, and he has a lot of problems. {bk11-l2a-f1-12.mp3}
VOCAB: nervous
LINE: He's nervous because he's afraid he'll have an accident. {bk11-l2a-f1-13.mp3}
LINE: The traffic is heavy, and the other drivers are in a hurry. {bk11-l2a-f1-14.mp3}
LINE: The streets downtown are narrow and crowded. {bk11-l2a-f1-15.mp3}
VOCAB: to confuse
LINE: They confuse Carl because they all look alike to him. {bk11-l2a-f1-16.mp3}
VOCAB: to fail
VOCAB: lost
LINE: He failed to memorize the city map, and now he's lost. {bk11-l2a-f1-17.mp3}
VOCAB: way
LINE: He wants to get out of downtown, but he doesn't know the way. {bk11-l2a-f1-18.mp3}
LINE: Carl is making a lot of mistakes. Mr. Ford is nervous too. {bk11-l2a-f1-19.mp3}
LINE: He'll tell Carl how to get out of downtown. {bk11-l2a-f1-20.mp3}
VOCAB: to follow
LINE: Carl will be happy to follow his instructions. {bk11-l2a-f1-21.mp3}
INTRO: In this part you'll meet more drivers — and one unlucky pedestrian — and practice talking about how people feel behind the wheel. Lynn gets nervous when she drives, so she takes lessons. Listen and repeat each line.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the dialog.
REPEAT
VOCAB: to get nervous
VOCAB: relaxed
VOCAB: steering wheel
Lynn: I get nervous when I drive. I just can't be relaxed when I'm behind the steering wheel! {st-page_049_001.jpg}
VOCAB: instructor
Carl: Maybe you should take driving lessons from a good instructor.
Lynn: Yes, maybe I should.
VOCAB: cautiously
Instructor: Slow down, Miss Jay, or you won't be able to make this turn safely. You must turn cautiously. {st-page_049_002.jpg}
VOCAB: speed
Lynn: What's a good speed for a turn?
Instructor: Ten miles per hour is usually best.
VOCAB: way
VOCAB: to become
Carl: Do you think you know the right way to drive now? Did you become less nervous after your lessons? {st-page_050_001.jpg}
VOCAB: mind
Lynn: Yes. I learned to keep my mind on the traffic. I think only about my driving.
Carl: I'm glad the instructor was able to help you.
INTRO: Lynn's lessons went well. Then she tried to find the new mall by herself. Listen and repeat each line — and note how she talks about getting lost and getting a ticket.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the dialog.
REPEAT
Lynn: I tried to find the new mall yesterday, but I wasn't able to. I drove around the city for an hour or more. {st-page_051_001.jpg}
VOCAB: to get lost
Carl: Why? Did you get lost?
VOCAB: to speed up
VOCAB: ahead
Lynn: Yes, and I was in a hurry, too. When I finally found my way, I sped up. Then I saw a policeman ahead.
VOCAB: to slow up
Carl: Did you slow up?
VOCAB: speeding
Lynn: I tried, but it was too late. I was still speeding when I passed him.
VOCAB: to pull over
Carl: Did he pull you over?
VOCAB: to fail to
Lynn: He sure did! He gave me a ticket because I failed to obey the speed limit.
VOCAB: cautious
Carl: I'm sorry about the ticket, but you should be more cautious. You can't be careless when you're driving.
INTRO: You'll see pictures of eight different signals — traffic lights, pedestrian signals, hand signals, and car lights. Look at each picture and listen to what it means.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the descriptions.
LINE: Traffic signals tell drivers to move or to stop. A green light says "go," a yellow light says "be careful," a red light says "stop." This signal is also called a stoplight. {page_042_001.jpg} {bk11-l2b-f3-01.mp3}
LINE: Traffic signals also tell drivers to turn or go straight ahead. {page_042_002.jpg} {bk11-l2b-f3-02.mp3}
LINE: There are signals only for pedestrians. When the signal says "walk" or shows the picture of a man, look both ways and then cross the street quickly. When it says "don't walk" or shows the picture of a hand, wait on the corner until the light changes. {page_042_003.jpg} {bk11-l2b-f3-03.mp3}
LINE: Sometimes drivers use hand signals. This signal tells other drivers that this car is going to slow down or stop. {page_042_004.jpg} {bk11-l2b-f3-04.mp3}
LINE: This is the hand signal for a left turn. {page_042_005.jpg} {bk11-l2b-f3-05.mp3}
LINE: This driver is going to turn right. {page_042_006.jpg} {bk11-l2b-f3-06.mp3}
LINE: Some of the lights on the front and back of a car are also signals. When the yellow lights on the front and back of a car are flashing, its driver wants to turn or change lanes. {page_042_007.jpg} {bk11-l2b-f3-07.mp3}
LINE: Red lights on the back of the car come on when the car is slowing down or stopping. {page_042_008.jpg} {bk11-l2b-f3-08.mp3}
INTRO: Mark studied the city map in advance. The city had other plans. Listen to his story and repeat each line — it uses everything you've just learned.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat.
REPEAT
VOCAB: in advance
VOCAB: to confuse
LINE: Mark usually only drives on the highway with his father. {st-page_046_001.jpg}
LINE: Because he knows that he'll have to learn how to drive downtown sometime, he decided to try it this morning. {st-page_046_001.jpg}
LINE: He looked at a city street map in advance, but that didn't help him when he got downtown. {st-page_046_001.jpg}
LINE: The heavy traffic and all of the signs and signals there confused him. {st-page_046_001.jpg}
VOCAB: one-way
VOCAB: two-way
VOCAB: intersection
LINE: First, he drove the wrong way for two blocks on a one-way street. {st-page_046_002.jpg}
LINE: He turned and got on a two-way street at the next intersection. {st-page_046_002.jpg}
VOCAB: to flash
LINE: Then he saw that some red and blue lights were flashing off and on behind him. {st-page_046_002.jpg}
VOCAB: to pull over
LINE: Finally he realized that an emergency vehicle was following him. He had to slow down and pull over to the side of the road while it passed. {st-page_046_002.jpg}
VOCAB: railroad crossing
VOCAB: way
LINE: Then he came to a railroad crossing. The lights there were flashing, too. {st-page_046_003.jpg}
LINE: He knew that signal meant that he had to stop because a train was coming. {st-page_046_003.jpg}
LINE: He looked both ways, but he couldn't see it yet. He crossed the tracks carefully. {st-page_046_003.jpg}
LINE: Then he decided to go home. He was tired of trying to drive and watch signs and signals at the same time. {st-page_046_003.jpg}
LINE: He'll try it again another day. {st-page_046_003.jpg}
INTRO: Now you name things. You'll see a picture and hear a question about it — answer aloud with what the picture shows.
INSTRUCTION: Answer the question about the picture.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: Treat the model answer as the factual key; accept any short or full sentence that identifies the same sign or traffic feature.
EXAMPLE
PROMPT: What is this called? {st-page_047_001.jpg}
RESPONSE: It's called an intersection.
PROMPT: What is this? {st-page_047_002.jpg}
RESPONSE: It's a stop sign.
PROMPT: What is this man doing? {st-page_047_003.jpg}
RESPONSE: He is signaling a turn.
PROMPT: What are these lines for? {st-page_047_004.jpg}
RESPONSE: They mark the lanes.
PROMPT: What sign is this? {st-page_047_005.jpg}
RESPONSE: It's a yield sign.
PROMPT: What does this sign show? {st-page_047_006.jpg}
RESPONSE: It shows the speed limit.
PROMPT: What is the driver doing? {st-page_047_007.jpg}
RESPONSE: He is looking in his mirror at the car following him.
PROMPT: What is this? {st-page_047_008.jpg}
RESPONSE: It's a railroad crossing.
PROMPT: What kind of street is this? {st-page_047_009.jpg}
RESPONSE: It's a one-way street.
PROMPT: What are these? {st-page_048_001.jpg}
RESPONSE: They are traffic signs.
PROMPT: What is this? {st-page_048_002.jpg}
RESPONSE: It's a traffic signal.
PROMPT: What kind of street is this? {st-page_048_003.jpg}
RESPONSE: It's a two-way street.
# SKIPPED (book): ST Listening Skill "PUT THE PUNCTUATION MARK IN THE BOX" — instructor-read grid-filling with no printed stimulus; no spatial interaction in our format.
# SKIPPED (book): LLA 2B Figure 9 — punctuation mark placement in a grid by spoken coordinates (spatial interaction not expressible).
INTRO: In this part you'll learn the little words for people you can't name: someone, anyone, nobody. First, listen to a busy waiter using them at work, and repeat each line.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the dialogs.
REPEAT
VOCAB: anybody
Waiter: Would anybody like some coffee? {st-page_057_001.jpg}
Martin: Yes, I think two of us would.
VOCAB: somebody
Waiter: Did somebody order tea?
Martha: Yes, I asked for tea.
VOCAB: nobody
Waiter: Can I get someone a glass of water?
Morton: No, thank you. Nobody needs water right now.
INTRO: Here's the pattern behind those words — which ones go in statements, which in questions, and which in negatives.
**Someone** and **somebody** are used in affirmative statements and questions.
**EXAMPLES:**
* {Someone} wants to speak to you on the phone.
* {Somebody} forgot to put gas in the car.
* Can {someone} please take this book to the library?
* Has {somebody} been using my pen without asking me?
**No one** and **nobody** are used in affirmative statements.
**EXAMPLES:**
* {No one} wants to leave before the general does.
* The weather was awful; {nobody} got to work on time.
**Anyone** and **anybody** are usually used in negative statements and in affirmative and negative questions. They are sometimes used in affirmative statements.
$PRODUCE Complete the Dialogue: Nobody Writes to Becky
ID: 11-2b-f6-b
INTRO: Becky never gets any mail — Ellen has a theory about why. Listen to each sentence and type the missing indefinite pronoun. Then repeat the sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Type the missing word.
INPUT: type
CHECK: exact
REPEAT
TEMPLATE: Ellen: Do you want to read this letter from Nancy?
TEMPLATE: Becky: Yes, thank you. ____ writes to me.
PROMPT: No one writes to me. {bk11-l2b-f6-07.mp3}
RESPONSE: No one writes to me. {bk11-l2b-f6-07.mp3}
ACCEPT: No one
TEMPLATE: Ellen: Do you write to ____?
PROMPT: Do you write to anybody? {bk11-l2b-f6-08.mp3}
RESPONSE: Do you write to anybody? {bk11-l2b-f6-08.mp3}
ACCEPT: anybody
TEMPLATE: Becky: No. I don't mail anything to ____.
PROMPT: No, I don't mail anything to anyone. {bk11-l2b-f6-09.mp3}
RESPONSE: No, I don't mail anything to anyone. {bk11-l2b-f6-09.mp3}
ACCEPT: anyone
TEMPLATE: Ellen: That's the problem. ____ gets mail from you.
PROMPT: Nobody gets mail from you. {bk11-l2b-f6-10.mp3}
RESPONSE: Nobody gets mail from you. {bk11-l2b-f6-10.mp3}
ACCEPT: Nobody
TEMPLATE: Becky: Do you think I should write to ____?
PROMPT: Do you think I should write to someone? {bk11-l2b-f6-11.mp3}
RESPONSE: Do you think I should write to someone? {bk11-l2b-f6-11.mp3}
ACCEPT: someone
TEMPLATE: Ellen: Yes. Then ____ will answer your letter.
PROMPT: Then somebody will answer your letter. {bk11-l2b-f6-12.mp3}
RESPONSE: Then somebody will answer your letter. {bk11-l2b-f6-12.mp3}
INTRO: Now produce the pattern yourself. Listen to the sentence and the cue word after it. Change the sentence to a question using the cue word, then repeat the correct answer.
# Source: ST §Will Someone Meet Me at the Airport? (kept as a second, printed-cue pass after the cassette drills)
$PRODUCE Will Someone Meet Me at the Airport?
ID: l2-s18
INTRO: One more round of questions and answers, this time with the cues printed. Answer each question aloud using the word in parentheses and the right indefinite pronoun.
INSTRUCTION: Answer the questions aloud. Use the word in ( ) and anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, no one, or nobody.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
SHOW_PROMPT
EXAMPLE
PROMPT: Will someone meet me at the airport? (yes)
RESPONSE: Yes, someone will meet you there.
EXAMPLE
PROMPT: Has anyone told Mark about the test tomorrow? (no)
RESPONSE: No, no one's told him about it.
PROMPT: Was anyone hurt in the accident? (no)
RESPONSE: No, no one was hurt in the accident.
PROMPT: Did someone call the police? (yes)
RESPONSE: Yes, someone called the police.
PROMPT: Are you looking for somebody? (no)
RESPONSE: No, I'm not looking for anybody.
PROMPT: Did anybody call while I was out? (yes)
RESPONSE: Yes, somebody called while you were out.
PROMPT: Could anyone answer the question? (no)
RESPONSE: No, nobody could answer the question.
PROMPT: Will someone be in the office on Saturday? (yes)
RESPONSE: Yes, someone will be in the office on Saturday.
PROMPT: Does anybody have change for a hundred-dollar bill? (no)
RESPONSE: No, nobody has change for a hundred-dollar bill.
PROMPT: Would anyone like to go to the commissary with me? (no)
RESPONSE: No, no one would like to go.
PROMPT: Does anybody know Janet's new telephone number? (yes)
RESPONSE: Yes, somebody knows Janet's new telephone number.
PROMPT: Does anyone have an extra ticket to the soccer game? (yes)
RESPONSE: Yes, someone has an extra ticket.
# SKIPPED (book): ST Listening Skill "WHAT'S THE TOPIC... WHAT'S THE MAIN IDEA?" — instructor-read oral texts with no printed stimulus; convertible later with chosen items + TTS.
INTRO: In this part you'll learn two verbs for change: "become" and "get". Listen to these short dialogues and notice how each verb shows something changing. Just listen.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the dialogues.
Kathy: Does Jane get nervous now when she drives? {bk11-l2c-f1-01.mp3}
Kevin: Yes. She became a very cautious driver after her car accident. {bk11-l2c-f1-02.mp3}
Sally: Is the weather getting worse? {bk11-l2c-f1-03.mp3}
Steve: Yes. The ice on the streets is becoming an awful problem. {bk11-l2c-f1-04.mp3}
Maria: Do you think Bill will ever become a happy person? {bk11-l2c-f1-05.mp3}
David: I don't know. He still gets angry about nothing. {bk11-l2c-f1-06.mp3}
Janet: Are you becoming a better math student? {bk11-l2c-f1-07.mp3}
Jason: Yes. The problems are getting easier every day. {bk11-l2c-f1-08.mp3}
Alice: Do your sisters want to become nurses? {bk11-l2c-f1-09.mp3}
Larry: No. They want to become doctors. {bk11-l2c-f1-10.mp3}
INTRO: Last drill in this set: listen to the sentence and the cue word, change the sentence into a question using the new word, then repeat the correct question.
INSTRUCTION: Ask a question with the new word.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
REPEAT
EXAMPLE
PROMPT: The *school* is getting crowded. Classroom. {bk11-l2c-f4-ex1-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Is the classroom getting crowded? {bk11-l2c-f4-ex1-a.mp3}
EXAMPLE
PROMPT: Houston became an important city. Laredo. {bk11-l2c-f4-ex2-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Did Laredo become an important city? {bk11-l2c-f4-ex2-a.mp3}
PROMPT: His *father* became an important person. Uncle. {bk11-l2c-f4-01-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Did his uncle become an important person? {bk11-l2c-f4-01-a.mp3}
PROMPT: The *coffee* is getting cold. Tea. {bk11-l2c-f4-02-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Is the tea getting cold? {bk11-l2c-f4-02-a.mp3}
PROMPT: *My apartment* gets dirty fast. Your apartment. {bk11-l2c-f4-03-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Does your apartment get dirty fast? {bk11-l2c-f4-03-a.mp3}
PROMPT: *Kathryn* is becoming a beautiful woman. Her sister. {bk11-l2c-f4-04-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Is her sister becoming a beautiful woman? {bk11-l2c-f4-04-a.mp3}
PROMPT: The *books* will get more expensive. Tapes. {bk11-l2c-f4-05-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Will the tapes get more expensive? {bk11-l2c-f4-05-a.mp3}
PROMPT: The *children* are becoming good friends. Their parents. {bk11-l2c-f4-06-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Are their parents becoming good friends? {bk11-l2c-f4-06-a.mp3}
INTRO: Now build both halves yourself: for each sentence, ask a question with the first word in parentheses, then answer it with the second cue. Say the whole exchange aloud.
INSTRUCTION: Ask and answer questions about the sentences using the words in parentheses.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
SHOW_PROMPT
EXAMPLE
PROMPT: Harold got sick at work today. (tired) (no)
RESPONSE: Did Harold get tired at work today? No, he got sick.
EXAMPLE
PROMPT: Jan gets upset when she fails a test. (upset) (yes, very)
RESPONSE: Does Jan get upset when she fails a test? Yes, she gets very upset.
PROMPT: Jim gets nervous when he drives downtown. (nervous) (yes, very)
RESPONSE: Does Jim get nervous when he drives downtown? Yes, he gets very nervous.
PROMPT: This restaurant becomes crowded at noon. (in the evening) (no)
RESPONSE: Does this restaurant become crowded in the evening? No, it becomes crowded at noon.
PROMPT: Don got lost because he forgot the map. (address) (no)
RESPONSE: Did Don get lost because he forgot the address? No, he got lost because he forgot the map.
PROMPT: The movie gets more interesting. (interesting) (yes, near the end)
RESPONSE: Does the movie get interesting? Yes, it gets more interesting near the end.
PROMPT: Lt Keith will become a captain on Monday. (Friday) (no)
RESPONSE: Will Lt Keith become a captain on Friday? No, he will become a captain on Monday.
PROMPT: I think this job will get easier. (more difficult) (no)
RESPONSE: Do you think this job will get more difficult? No, I think it will get easier.
PROMPT: Mark became a cautious driver after his accident. (cautious) (yes, very)
RESPONSE: Did Mark become a cautious driver after his accident? Yes, he became very cautious.
PROMPT: The weather here gets more pleasant in the fall. (summer) (no)
RESPONSE: Does the weather get more pleasant in the summer? No, it gets more pleasant in the fall.
PROMPT: Ken became upset when the waitress spilled the coffee. (water) (no)
RESPONSE: Did Ken become upset when the waitress spilled the water? No, he became upset when she spilled the coffee.
PROMPT: Patrick got angry when he saw the ticket on his car. (angry) (yes, very)
RESPONSE: Did Patrick get angry when he saw the ticket on his car? Yes, he got very angry.
INTRO: In this part you'll put the whole lesson together: rules of the road and what happens when you break them. Meet Max, who is spending his Saturday in a classroom — read his story to find out why.
INSTRUCTION: Read the paragraphs.
Narrator: Why is Max in a classroom on Saturday morning? {st-page_068_001.jpg}
LINE: Well, last Saturday evening while he was driving downtown on his way to a party, he saw that red lights were flashing behind him. {st-page_068_001.jpg}
LINE: At first he thought an emergency vehicle was following him. Then he realized it was a policeman.
LINE: He pulled over, lowered his window, and asked "What's the matter, officer?"
LINE: The policeman answered, "You were speeding. Also, you failed to use your turn signal when you changed lanes."
LINE: The policeman gave Max a ticket and told him he could pay the fine or go to a driving school.
LINE: Max chose to go to the driving school because it cost less than the fine. Now he's listening to the instructor's advice.
# SKIPPED (book): ST "answer the instructor's questions" about the Driving School story — no questions printed; teacher-led discussion.
INTRO: Ten more signs and what they ask of you. Look at each picture and read its meaning.
INSTRUCTION: Read the signs and their meanings.
LINE: You must STOP before the intersection. You mustn't just slow down. {st-page_070_001.jpg}
LINE: Give the right-of-way to vehicles on the other road. You must slow down or stop. {st-page_070_002.jpg}
LINE: You may not make a U-turn when you see a sign like this. {st-page_070_003.jpg}
LINE: All vehicles must stop at the intersection. These signs are always with a stop sign. {st-page_070_004.jpg}
LINE: Pedestrians may cross the street here. Slow down and watch for them. Be ready to stop. {st-page_071_001.jpg}
LINE: Slow down and look both ways. When a train is coming, STOP. {st-page_071_002.jpg}
LINE: Traffic moves only one way on a street with a sign like this. You may turn only in that direction. {st-page_071_003.jpg}
LINE: This sign tells you the speed limit (in miles per hour) for the street or highway. You should not drive faster than the speed limit. {st-page_071_004.jpg}
LINE: There is a crossroad ahead. Look to the right and left for other traffic. {st-page_071_005.jpg}
LINE: You are near a school. Slow down and be ready to stop. Watch for children! {st-page_072_001.jpg}
INTRO: Back in Max's classroom, the instructor is quizzing the students on the rules. Read the questions and answers — you'll answer the same kinds of questions next.
INSTRUCTION: Read the questions and answers.
Instructor: What should you do when a red light is flashing?
StudentA: Stop, look both ways, and drive cautiously.
Instructor: What should you do when a yellow light is flashing?
StudentB: Slow down and drive with caution.
Instructor: What does a yield sign mean?
StudentA: Wait for the other car to go first.
Instructor: What should you do when you see a stop sign?
StudentB: Stop, look both ways, and drive with caution.
Instructor: When should you pull over?
StudentA: When the lights on an emergency vehicle are flashing.
Instructor: What should you do when a school bus stops?
StudentB: Don't pass it. Stop and wait while the red lights on the bus are flashing.
Instructor: What does an all-way stop sign mean?
StudentA: All traffic must stop at the intersection.
Instructor: What do you do at a railroad crossing?
StudentB: Slow down, look both ways, and drive with caution.
Instructor: Tell me when it's not safe to pass another car.
StudentA: It's not safe to pass on a hill or a curved road when the yellow stripe is in your lane.
Instructor: Do you know what an all-way stop sign means?
StudentB: Yes, all cars must stop at that intersection.
INTRO: Your turn in the hot seat. For each picture, say what the sign is and what it means — or what a driver should do. You can look back at the sign chart if you need to.
INSTRUCTION: Ask and answer questions about the signs.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: Treat the model answer as the key. Accept any natural question-and-answer or answer-only response that identifies the same sign and gives its meaning or the correct driver action.
EXAMPLE
PROMPT: {st-page_073_001.jpg}
RESPONSE: What is this sign? It's a crossroad sign. What does it mean? There's an intersection ahead. What should you do when you see it? Look both ways for other traffic.
PROMPT: {st-page_073_002.jpg}
RESPONSE: What is this sign? It's a yield sign. What does it mean? Give the right-of-way to other vehicles.
PROMPT: {st-page_073_003.jpg}
RESPONSE: What is this sign? It's a school sign. What does it mean? You are near a school, watch for children.
PROMPT: {st-page_074_001.jpg}
RESPONSE: What is this sign? It's a one-way sign. What does it mean? Traffic moves only one way on the street.
PROMPT: {st-page_074_002.jpg}
RESPONSE: What is this sign? It's a railroad crossing sign. What should you do? Slow down, look both ways, and stop if a train is coming.
PROMPT: {st-page_074_003.jpg}
RESPONSE: What is this sign? It's a stop sign. What should you do? Stop before the intersection.
PROMPT: {st-page_074_004.jpg}
RESPONSE: What is this sign? It's a pedestrian crossing sign. What should you do? Slow down and watch for pedestrians.
PROMPT: {st-page_074_005.jpg}
RESPONSE: What is this sign? It's a no U-turn sign. What does it mean? You may not make a U-turn.
PROMPT: {st-page_074_006.jpg}
RESPONSE: What is this sign? It's a speed limit sign. What does it mean? You should not drive faster than 50 miles per hour.
INTRO: In this part you'll learn to describe people and things with a clause: the friend *who* reads, the book *that* John recommended. Listen to the sentences and repeat them.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat.
REPEAT
LINE: Last weekend I read a book which I liked a lot. {bk11-l2d-f2-01.mp3}
LINE: It was a new book that John told me about. {bk11-l2d-f2-02.mp3}
LINE: John is a friend of mine who really enjoys reading. {bk11-l2d-f2-03.mp3}
LINE: He has an apartment which is full of books. {bk11-l2d-f2-04.mp3}
LINE: I know other people that collect books also. {bk11-l2d-f2-05.mp3}
LINE: But John's the only one who reads every book in his collection. {bk11-l2d-f2-06.mp3}
INTRO: Listen to part of a sentence and tap the phrase that best completes it. Remember: "who" or "that" for people, "which" or "that" for things. Then repeat the full ending.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the correct phrase.
REPEAT
EXAMPLE
PROMPT: Accidents usually happen to drivers. {bk11-l2d-f3-ex.mp3}
OPTION: a | who are not careful. {bk11-l2d-f3-ex-a.mp3}
OPTION: b | which are not careful.
ANSWER: a
PROMPT: You should always stop for someone. {bk11-l2d-f3-01.mp3}
OPTION: a | who is crossing the street. {bk11-l2d-f3-01-a.mp3}
OPTION: b | which is crossing the street.
ANSWER: a
PROMPT: Fix or replace any tires. {bk11-l2d-f3-02.mp3}
OPTION: a | who are bad.
OPTION: b | that are bad. {bk11-l2d-f3-02-a.mp3}
ANSWER: b
PROMPT: A pedestrian is a person. {bk11-l2d-f3-03.mp3}
OPTION: a | that is walking. {bk11-l2d-f3-03-a.mp3}
OPTION: b | which is walking.
ANSWER: a
PROMPT: Be polite to a policeman. {bk11-l2d-f3-04.mp3}
OPTION: a | who is giving you a ticket. {bk11-l2d-f3-04-a.mp3}
OPTION: b | which is giving you a ticket.
ANSWER: a
PROMPT: Don't ride with a driver. {bk11-l2d-f3-05.mp3}
OPTION: a | which is careless.
OPTION: b | that is careless. {bk11-l2d-f3-05-a.mp3}
ANSWER: b
PROMPT: Drive cautiously on streets. {bk11-l2d-f3-06.mp3}
OPTION: a | who are wet.
OPTION: b | that are wet. {bk11-l2d-f3-06-a.mp3}
ANSWER: b
PROMPT: Drive carefully near children. {bk11-l2d-f3-07.mp3}
OPTION: a | who are playing. {bk11-l2d-f3-07-a.mp3}
OPTION: b | which are playing.
ANSWER: a
PROMPT: Don't take a trip in a car. {bk11-l2d-f3-08.mp3}
OPTION: a | who isn't in good shape.
OPTION: b | that isn't in good shape. {bk11-l2d-f3-08-a.mp3}
ANSWER: b
PROMPT: Use caution when you see a light. {bk11-l2d-f3-09.mp3}
OPTION: a | which is flashing. {bk11-l2d-f3-09-a.mp3}
OPTION: b | who is flashing.
ANSWER: a
PROMPT: Don't pass a school bus. {bk11-l2d-f3-10.mp3}
OPTION: a | that is stopping for children. {bk11-l2d-f3-10-a.mp3}
INTRO: You'll hear the story of a traffic accident, one sentence at a time — caused, naturally, by a driver who wasn't watching. Type the missing relative pronoun in each sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Type the missing word.
TEMPLATE: Sgt Carter told us about an accident ____ he saw this morning.
PROMPT: Sergeant Carter told us about an accident that he saw this morning. {bk11-l2d-f4-01.mp3}
RESPONSE: Sergeant Carter told us about an accident that he saw this morning. {bk11-l2d-f4-01.mp3}
ACCEPT: that
TEMPLATE: A car ____ was speeding ran a red light.
PROMPT: A car which was speeding ran a red light. {bk11-l2d-f4-02.mp3}
RESPONSE: A car which was speeding ran a red light. {bk11-l2d-f4-02.mp3}
ACCEPT: which | that
TEMPLATE: The driver was a man ____ is ninety years old and can't see very well.
PROMPT: The driver was a man who is 90 years old and can't see very well. {bk11-l2d-f4-03.mp3}
RESPONSE: The driver was a man who is ninety years old and can't see very well. {bk11-l2d-f4-03.mp3}
ACCEPT: who | that
TEMPLATE: The driver ____ had the green light realized that something was wrong and stopped quickly.
PROMPT: The driver who had the green light realized that something was wrong and stopped quickly. {bk11-l2d-f4-04.mp3}
RESPONSE: The driver who had the green light realized that something was wrong and stopped quickly. {bk11-l2d-f4-04.mp3}
ACCEPT: who | that
TEMPLATE: The driver behind him was a woman ____ was taking her four children to school.
PROMPT: The driver behind him was a woman who was taking her 4 children to school. {bk11-l2d-f4-05.mp3}
RESPONSE: The driver behind him was a woman who was taking her four children to school. {bk11-l2d-f4-05.mp3}
ACCEPT: who | that
TEMPLATE: She hit the car ____ stopped because she wasn't watching the traffic.
PROMPT: She hit the car that stopped because she wasn't watching the traffic. {bk11-l2d-f4-06.mp3}
RESPONSE: She hit the car that stopped because she wasn't watching the traffic. {bk11-l2d-f4-06.mp3}
ACCEPT: that | which
TEMPLATE: The people ____ were in the accident were all right.
PROMPT: The people who were in the accident were allright. {bk11-l2d-f4-07.mp3}
INTRO: This part reviews the whole lesson, starting with your ears. Listen to each short exchange and tap the answer that best explains the situation — nobody will say it directly.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the correct answer.
EXAMPLE
PROMPT: "Please hurry, driver." "I'm doing my best, ma'am." {bk11-l2d-f1-ex.mp3}
OPTION: a | The woman is late.
OPTION: b | The woman is early.
OPTION: c | The woman is on time.
ANSWER: a
PROMPT: "How much does this car cost?" "$32 a day." {bk11-l2d-f1-01.mp3}
OPTION: a | He wants to buy a car.
OPTION: b | He wants to rent a car.
OPTION: c | He wants to borrow a car.
ANSWER: b
PROMPT: "What does your thermometer say?" "102 degrees." {bk11-l2d-f1-02.mp3}
OPTION: a | He has a fever.
OPTION: b | He has a stomachache.
OPTION: c | He has a doctor's appointment.
ANSWER: a
PROMPT: "Look at the side of my car." "I'm sorry, I didn't see the stop sign." {bk11-l2d-f1-03.mp3}
OPTION: a | He's upset because he hit her car.
OPTION: b | He's upset because she hit his car.
OPTION: c | He's upset because they hit another car.
ANSWER: b
PROMPT: "Would you like a cup of coffee?" "No, thank you. Do you have any tea?" {bk11-l2d-f1-04.mp3}
OPTION: a | He doesn't like coffee.
OPTION: b | She doesn't have any tea.
OPTION: c | He doesn't want coffee or tea.
ANSWER: a
PROMPT: "How was your trip?" "Too long. The weather over San Antonio was bad, and we had to land in Houston." {bk11-l2d-f1-05.mp3}
OPTION: a | She was traveling by bus.
OPTION: b | She was traveling by train.
OPTION: c | She was traveling by airplane.
ANSWER: c
PROMPT: "Well, doctor, am I healthy?" "Yes, you're in good shape for a person of your age." {bk11-l2d-f1-06.mp3}
INTRO: Time for dictation. Listen to the sentences and type them exactly. Punctuate the sentences correctly using capital letters, periods, and question marks.
INSTRUCTION: Type the sentence you hear with correct punctuation.
PROMPT: Paul is studying math in school. {bk11-l2c-f7-01.mp3}
RESPONSE: Paul is studying math in school. {bk11-l2c-f7-01.mp3}
PROMPT: His math teacher is giving the class a quiz today on shapes and lines. {bk11-l2c-f7-02.mp3}
RESPONSE: His math teacher is giving the class a quiz today on shapes and lines. {bk11-l2c-f7-02.mp3}
PROMPT: Will Paul get a good grade on the test? {bk11-l2c-f7-03.mp3}
RESPONSE: Will Paul get a good grade on the test? {bk11-l2c-f7-03.mp3}
PROMPT: Yes, he will. {bk11-l2c-f7-04.mp3}
RESPONSE: Yes, he will. {bk11-l2c-f7-04.mp3}
PROMPT: He's a good student and knows all the answers. {bk11-l2c-f7-05.mp3}
RESPONSE: He's a good student and knows all the answers. {bk11-l2c-f7-05.mp3}
PROMPT: There won't be any mistakes on Paul's test. {bk11-l2c-f7-06.mp3}
RESPONSE: There won't be any mistakes on Paul's test. {bk11-l2c-f7-06.mp3}
# Source: ST §The Pen That's on the Table Is Mine (placed here as a written review of adjective clauses)
$PRODUCE The Pen That's on the Table Is Mine
ID: l2-s33
INTRO: Back to who, which, and that — this time in writing. Complete each sentence using the words in parentheses, and type the whole sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Complete the sentence. Type the completed sentence using who, which, or that and the given words.
INPUT: type
CHECK: exact
EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: (is/on table) The pen ____ is mine.
RESPONSE: The pen which is on the table is mine.
ACCEPT: The pen that is on the table is mine. | The pen that's on the table is mine. | The pen which is on the table is mine.
EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: (go/to mall) This is the bus ____
RESPONSE: This is the bus that goes to the mall.
ACCEPT: This is the bus that goes to the mall. | This is the bus which goes to the mall.
EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: (flew/plane) The lieutenant is the one ____
RESPONSE: The lieutenant is the one who flew the plane.
ACCEPT: The lieutenant is the one who flew the plane. | The lieutenant is the one that flew the plane.
TEMPLATE: (just passed/us) The driver ____ was speeding.
RESPONSE: The driver who just passed us was speeding.
ACCEPT: The driver who just passed us was speeding. | The driver that just passed us was speeding.
TEMPLATE: (is/in parking lot) The truck ____ is Bob's.
RESPONSE: The truck which is in the parking lot is Bob's.
ACCEPT: The truck which is in the parking lot is Bob's. | The truck that is in the parking lot is Bob's. | The truck that's in the parking lot is Bob's.
TEMPLATE: (helped/me/yesterday) The clerk ____ was very polite.
RESPONSE: The clerk who helped me yesterday was very polite.
ACCEPT: The clerk who helped me yesterday was very polite. | The clerk that helped me yesterday was very polite.
TEMPLATE: (was/on TV/last week) This is the same show ____
RESPONSE: This is the same show which was on TV last week.
ACCEPT: This is the same show which was on TV last week. | This is the same show that was on TV last week.
TEMPLATE: (came/in the mail/today) That's the magazine ____
RESPONSE: That's the magazine which came in the mail today.
ACCEPT: That's the magazine which came in the mail today. | That's the magazine that came in the mail today.
TEMPLATE: (took us/airport) He's the taxi driver ____
RESPONSE: He's the taxi driver who took us to the airport.
ACCEPT: He's the taxi driver who took us to the airport. | He's the taxi driver that took us to the airport.
TEMPLATE: (will graduate/Thursday) These are the students ____
RESPONSE: These are the students who will graduate on Thursday.
ACCEPT: These are the students who will graduate on Thursday. | These are the students that will graduate on Thursday. | These are the students who will graduate Thursday.
TEMPLATE: (goes/to Chicago) Flight 123 is the one ____
RESPONSE: Flight 123 is the one which goes to Chicago.
ACCEPT: Flight 123 is the one which goes to Chicago. | Flight 123 is the one that goes to Chicago.
TEMPLATE: (made/reservation) Mr. Jones is the travel agent ____
RESPONSE: Mr. Jones is the travel agent who made the reservation.
ACCEPT: Mr. Jones is the travel agent who made the reservation. | Mr. Jones is the travel agent that made the reservation.
TEMPLATE: (taught me/speak Spanish) My grandfather is the person ____
RESPONSE: My grandfather is the person who taught me to speak Spanish.
ACCEPT: My grandfather is the person who taught me to speak Spanish. | My grandfather is the person that taught me to speak Spanish.
INTRO: Two short sentences go in, one good sentence comes out. Combine each pair using who, which, or that, and type the result.
INSTRUCTION: Combine the two sentences into one sentence using who, which, or that. Type the new sentence.
INPUT: type
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: Accept a correctly combined sentence using an adjective clause with who, which, or that. Punctuation must be reasonable but not strictly graded.
EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: That's the truck. It hit my car.
RESPONSE: That's the truck that hit my car.
EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: The students passed the test. They studied.
RESPONSE: The students who studied passed the test.
TEMPLATE: This is the bus. It goes downtown.
RESPONSE: This is the bus that goes downtown.
TEMPLATE: That's the apartment. I live in it now.
RESPONSE: That's the apartment that I live in now.
TEMPLATE: I can't find the clerk. He helped me.
RESPONSE: I can't find the clerk who helped me.
TEMPLATE: Two cars hit the stop sign. It was on this corner.
RESPONSE: Two cars hit the stop sign which was on this corner.
TEMPLATE: The first exam is the one. It's the hardest.
RESPONSE: The first exam is the one that's the hardest.
TEMPLATE: Dr. Clark is the one. She gave me this medicine.
RESPONSE: Dr. Clark is the one who gave me this medicine.
TEMPLATE: The driver missed the turn. He was speeding.
RESPONSE: The driver who was speeding missed the turn.
TEMPLATE: The car belongs to his brother. Paul's driving it.
RESPONSE: The car that Paul's driving belongs to his brother.
INTRO: Last activity of the lesson. Read each paragraph, then type its topic and its main idea. Then go drive somewhere — cautiously, of course.
INSTRUCTION: Read the paragraph. Type the topic and the main idea.
INPUT: type
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: Treat the model answer as the key; accept any reasonable statement of the topic and the main idea that captures the same essence.
EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: A fever can be a symptom of other problems. A fever with an earache can mean that the person needs to see a doctor and take stronger medicine. A fever with a cough, a runny nose, and body aches can be more than just a cold. A fever and a stomachache together can be really bad.
RESPONSE: Topic: fever. Main idea: A fever can mean that there are other problems.
TEMPLATE: When you have colds, don't give them to other people. Cover your nose when you sneeze, and cover your mouth when you cough. Take your medicine, and follow your doctor's advice. When you have a fever, or your cold gets worse, stay home and rest. You'll get well quicker, and your friends and family will be happier. They don't want to catch your cold.
RESPONSE: Topic: colds. Main idea: When you have a cold, you should rest and not give it to other people.
TEMPLATE: "Be careful of the driver in the car behind the car ahead of you." This sentence looks confusing, but it's one of the most important rules in safe driving. Other drivers aren't the only ones who might be careless; we might make a careless mistake on the highway, too. We should worry about other drivers, but we should also be sure that we're driving cautiously.
RESPONSE: Topic: safe driving. Main idea: We should worry about other drivers, but also be sure that we're driving cautiously.
TEMPLATE: Many things tell us what a speed limit sign should say. One of them is the number of people who use the street, road, or highway. Another is the places that those people are going to. Are they traveling to work or to their homes? Are they on vacation? The kind of street, road, or highway also decides the speed limit. A high speed limit isn't safe on a narrow, curved road with only two lanes. Because a wide, straight road with many lanes is safer, the speed limit on it can be higher.
RESPONSE: Topic: speed limits. Main idea: Many things tell us what a speed limit sign should say.
