grammar card sequences for books 7/9/12; b11 fixes: 102 clip boundary, dictation intro, consistent summary tables; b9 sentence-expansion drill -> LLM check

book-12-lesson-4.module

@@ -334,11 +334,22 @@ $GRAMMAR Used To
 ID: l4-s16
 INTRO: Here's the rule behind those sentences — short and painless.
 
-We use **used to** to say that something happened regularly or existed in the past but no longer happens or exists now.
+CARD: We use **used to** for a situation that existed in the past, but is no longer true now.
+{I used to be a student at that college.}
+{Now I'm an instructor there.}
 
-{I used to be a student at that college.} {Now I'm an instructor there.}
+CARD: We also use it for actions that happened regularly in the past but have stopped entirely.
+{I used to take the bus to school.}
+{She used to work on weekends.}
+
+CARD: Notice that **used to** is always followed by the base form of a verb.
+{I used to be a student.}
+{I used to take the bus.}
+
+CARD: We often pair a **used to** statement with a present tense sentence to highlight how things have changed.
+{He used to live in London.}
+{Now he lives in New York.}
 
-# Source: ST §Used To Sentences
 $DIALOGUE Used To in Questions and Answers
 ID: l4-s17
 INTRO: "Used to" also works in questions — notice it becomes "use to" after "did". Read the sentences.
@@ -802,13 +813,16 @@ $GRAMMAR Would
 ID: l4-s21
 INTRO: In this part you'll learn a second way to talk about past habits: "would". It's the same idea as "used to" — just a little smoother in stories.
 
-We use **would** when we talk about things that often happened in the past.
+CARD: We use **would** to talk about things that often happened in the past. It is perfect for telling stories about your past routines.
+{When my sister and I were young, my family would go to the mountains.}
 
-{When my sister and I were young, my family would go to the mountains.} {If the weather was good, we would get up early and go swimming in the cold river.}
+CARD: You will often hear it used right after setting the scene with a past condition.
+{If the weather was good, we would get up early and go swimming in the cold river.}
 
-**Used to** is also possible in these sentences.
+CARD: **Used to** is also possible in these sentences. Both forms show that something happened regularly in the past.
+{My family used to go to the mountains.}
+{My family would go to the mountains.}
 
-# Source: LLA 4B Figure 2 (part 1)
 $DIALOGUE Hunting Trips with Dad
 ID: 4b-f2
 INTRO: A boy asks his dad about the hunting trips of his childhood. Listen for "would" — it marks everything they did every fall.
@@ -985,15 +999,24 @@ $GRAMMAR Comparing with -er Adverbs
 ID: 4c-f1-b
 INTRO: In this part you'll compare how people do things, join sentences with little words like "so" and "but", and finish with some tricky sounds. First, the comparing rule.
 
-To compare how people do things, add **-er** to a short adverb and use **than**:
-
+CARD: To compare how people do things, add **-er** to a short adverb and use **than**. Notice how we often put a short helper verb at the end.
 {Sally left earlier than John did.}
 {Alan works harder than Bob does.}
+
+CARD: Make sure that helper verb matches the subject and the time of the action.
 {Cars move faster than buses do.}
 
-Other adverbs that work the same way: {later}, {sooner}, {slower}, {farther}, {higher}, {lower}, {straighter}.
+CARD: Other short adverbs for time and speed work exactly the same way.
+{later}
+{sooner}
+{slower}
+
+CARD: You can also add **-er** to short adverbs that describe distance and direction.
+{farther}
+{higher}
+{lower}
+{straighter}
 
-# Source: LLA 4C Figure 1
 $PRODUCE Who Does It More?
 ID: 4c-f1
 INTRO: You'll hear a sentence, then a question about it. Answer aloud with a full sentence using the "-er" adverb, then repeat the correct answer.
@@ -1186,13 +1209,20 @@ $GRAMMAR Reporting What People Said
 ID: 4c-f2-b
 INTRO: Last part — everything together: short conversations, reporting what people said, past participles, and a dictation to finish. First, one small rule for reporting speech.
 
-When you report what someone said, the verb usually moves one step into the past:
+CARD: When you report what someone said, the verb usually moves one step into the past. For example, "is" becomes "was".
+{The car is ready.}
+{He said the car was ready.}
 
-{The car is ready.} → {He said the car was ready.}
+CARD: Other verbs follow the same pattern. The present tense verb "have" changes to the past tense "had".
+{I have his money.}
+{He said he had the money.}
 
-{I have his money.} → {He said he had the money.}
+CARD: Notice that pronouns also change when you report speech. "I" changes to match the person who spoke.
+{I have his money.}
+{He said he had the money.}
+{I am late.}
+{She said she was late.}
 
-# Source: LLA 4C Figure 2 (Dialog 1)
 $DIALOGUE A Phone Message
 ID: 4c-f2-d1
 INTRO: A short phone call: Mr. Sandoval has news about a car. Listen closely — you'll report what he said in a moment.