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v2.3: grammar card sequences (37 activities) + PLAY_ROLE role-plays (6) in books 10/11

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Co-authored-by: Cursor <cursoragent@cursor.com>
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@@ -775,23 +775,20 @@ $GRAMMAR Before and Now: Still, Any Longer, Anymore
ID: l1-s7
INTRO: Two pictures of the same street, two years apart. Here's how English says what has changed — and what stubbornly hasn't.
"BEFORE"
CARD: Use **still** when a situation from the past continues to happen now.
{Jane still lives on Elm Street.}
![Two houses side by side, bicycle on the lawn](st-page_015_001.jpg)
CARD: Use **any longer** when a situation has stopped. It always goes at the end of a negative sentence.
{The Robinsons don't live there any longer.}
"NOW"
![Same houses, no bicycle, more landscaping](st-page_015_002.jpg)
CARD: You can also use **anymore**. It means the exact same thing as **any longer** and also goes at the end of a negative sentence.
{They aren't neighbors anymore.}
SUMMARY:
| BEFORE | NOW |
|---|---|
| Two years ago, Jane lived in the white house on Elm St., and Ann Robinson lived in the house next to hers. | Today, Jane {still} lives on Elm Street, but the Robinsons don't live there {any longer}. They aren't neighbors {anymore}. |
Use **still** when something continues: {Jane still lives on Elm Street.}
Use **any longer** or **anymore** at the end of a *negative* sentence, when something has stopped: {The Robinsons don't live there any longer.} {They aren't neighbors anymore.}
# Source: LLA 1B Figure 7
$DIALOGUE Still, Any Longer, Anymore — Examples
ID: 1b-f7
INTRO: You'll hear a little background first, then the sentence that sums it up with "still", "any longer", or "anymore". Repeat only that last sentence.
@@ -990,6 +987,32 @@ $GRAMMAR The Present Perfect Tense
ID: l1-s9
INTRO: Now the star of this lesson: the present perfect — the tense for things that started in the past and still matter now.
CARD: We use the present perfect to talk about things that connect the past to the present. Let's look at how time changes with the verb **have**.
{John has a red car now.}
{John had a red car last year.}
{John has had a red car for six months.}
CARD: Here is the same pattern with the verb **be**. The present perfect shows that a state began in the past and continues today.
{Robert is in New York today.}
{Robert was in New York Thursday.}
{Robert has been in New York since Monday.}
CARD: We use the present perfect for actions that began in the past and are still happening right now.
{They have been here for a month.}
CARD: We also use this tense to talk about actions that have just ended.
{Ed has already had dinner.}
CARD: Finally, we use it for things that occurred at an indefinite time in the past, often to talk about life experiences.
{He has been to Europe before.}
CARD: We often use **for** or **since** with the present perfect tense. Use **for** to talk about a period or length of time.
{Jim has been in the Army for five years.}
CARD: Use **since** to refer to a specific starting point in time.
{He has been a captain since February 1.}
SUMMARY:
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
| John | has | | now. |
@@ -1002,24 +1025,28 @@ INTRO: Now the star of this lesson: the present perfect — the tense for things
| Robert | was | in New York | Thursday. |
| Robert | has been | | since Monday. |
We use the present perfect tense to talk about three kinds of actions: (1) those that began in the past and are still happening, (2) those that just ended, and (3) those that occurred at an indefinite time. This lesson covers the verbs **be** and **have**.
**EXAMPLES:**
{They have been here for a month.} (They got here a month ago, and they're still here.)
{Ed has already had dinner.} (He just finished eating.)
{He has been to Europe before.} (I'm not sure when he went.)
We often use **for** or **since** with the present perfect tense. **For** refers to a period of time. **Since** refers to a point in time.
**EXAMPLES:**
{Jim has been in the Army for five years.}
{He has been a captain since February 1.}
# Source: ST §Contractions
$GRAMMAR Contractions
ID: l1-s10
INTRO: In real speech, "has" and "have" almost always shrink. Here is the full set of contractions — you'll hear them constantly in the drills ahead.
CARD: When speaking, "have" shrinks and attaches to the pronouns I, you, we, and they.
{I've}
{you've}
{we've}
{they've}
{I've been here for a month.}
CARD: The word "has" shrinks in the exact same way after he, she, and it.
{he's}
{she's}
{it's}
CARD: For negative statements, "have" and "has" attach directly to the word "not".
{haven't}
{hasn't}
{He hasn't been sick this year.}
SUMMARY:
| | | |
|---|---|---|
| I have | = | I've |
@@ -1035,9 +1062,6 @@ INTRO: In real speech, "has" and "have" almost always shrink. Here is the full s
| has | + not | = | hasn't |
| have | + not | = | haven't |
Listen: {I've been here for a month.} {He hasn't been sick this year.}
# Source: ST §Have You Had That Cold Long?
$DIALOGUE Have You Had That Cold Long?
ID: l1-s11
INTRO: Here's the new tense at work in five little conversations. Read along as you listen — notice "for" with periods of time and "since" with points in time.
@@ -1185,6 +1209,26 @@ $GRAMMAR Vince's Business Trip
ID: 1c-f7
INTRO: Vince is a salesman with a packed week. Study his calendar — you'll answer questions about it next, and every answer depends on when things started.
CARD: Vince starts the week in New York to prepare for his business trip.
{On Monday, he makes airline reservations.}
{On Tuesday at 10:00, he picks up his ticket at the travel agency.}
CARD: He leaves for Miami on Tuesday afternoon.
{At 2:00, his flight departs New York for Miami.}
CARD: Wednesday is a full workday in the Miami office.
{At 8:00 in the morning, he works with other salesmen at the office.}
{He leaves the office at 5:00 in the evening.}
CARD: On Thursday afternoon, he travels back to New York.
{He arrives at the airport at 1:30.}
{He departs Miami at 4:30.}
{He arrives in New York at 6:45 in the evening.}
CARD: By Friday morning, his business trip is complete.
{He is back in the New York office on Friday morning.}
SUMMARY:
**Vince's Business Trip**
| | MON | TUE | WED | THUR | FRI |
@@ -1194,6 +1238,7 @@ INTRO: Vince is a salesman with a packed week. Study his calendar — you'll ans
| **Evening** | | | 5:00 – leave office | 6:45 – arrive N.Y. | |
# Source: LLA 1C Figure 7
$PRODUCE Questions About Vince's Trip
ID: 1c-f7-b
REFERENCE: 1c-f7
@@ -1282,14 +1327,18 @@ $GRAMMAR Questions with How Long
ID: l1-s15
INTRO: In this part you'll ask questions with "how long", link ideas with "first, second, third", and then put everything together on the phone with the doctor's office.
The phrase **how long** is used to introduce questions about length of time.
**EXAMPLES:**
{How long did you stay at the party?}
{How long will they be on vacation?}
CARD: The phrase **how long** is used to ask questions about a length of time.
{How long is the flight to New York?}
{How long is the class?}
CARD: You can use it to ask about things that happened in the past.
{How long did you stay at the party?}
{How long did you wait?}
CARD: It also works perfectly for asking about the future.
{How long will they be on vacation?}
{How long will it take?}
# Source: LLA 1C Figure 8
$DIALOGUE How Long? — Doctor and Patient
ID: 1c-f8
INTRO: Dr. Ford asks Tommy "how long" questions — and Tommy, being a patient with opinions, asks a few right back. Listen and repeat each question.
@@ -1604,14 +1653,19 @@ $GRAMMAR The Present Perfect Progressive
ID: l1-s21
INTRO: One more tense for this lesson — for actions that started in the past and are still going right now, with no sign of stopping.
Like the present perfect tense, the present perfect progressive tense is used to refer to actions or events that began in the past and continue into the present.
There is a difference between the two tenses. The present perfect progressive is closer to the present than the present perfect is. The present perfect progressive stresses that an action or event is not finished. It also suggests that it will continue into the future.
**EXAMPLE:**
CARD: The present perfect progressive describes actions that began in the past and continue into the present. It stresses that an action is not finished and may keep going.
{They've been talking on the phone for an hour.}
*(They're talking now and may talk for another hour.)*
CARD: Form this tense by using **has been** or **have been**, followed by a verb ending in **-ing**.
{Paul is studying now.}
{Paul was studying last night.}
{Paul has been studying for two days.}
CARD: Use **has been** for a singular subject, and **have been** for plural subjects.
{Keith has been studying since 4:30.}
{Ann and Bob have been studying since 4:30.}
SUMMARY:
| Paul | is | studying | now. |
|---|---|---|---|
| | was | | last night. |
@@ -1622,7 +1676,6 @@ There is a difference between the two tenses. The present perfect progressive is
| Keith | has | been | studying since 4:30. |
| Ann and Bob | have | been | studying since 4:30. |
# Source: LLA 1D Figure 4
$DIALOGUE Short Dialogs — Have Been Doing
ID: 1d-f4
INTRO: Hear the new tense in three short conversations — waiting, talking, and hiding. Listen and repeat each line.