$MODULE Book 12 · Lesson 1: What Will Happen If...? {st-page_009_001.jpg}
FORMAT: 2
DESCRIPTION: Weather and climate vocabulary, making plans and predictions with "if" clauses, and the present perfect tense.
TARGET_LANG_G: en
HOME_LANG_G: en
VOICE_DEFAULT: aoede | Clear, friendly American English narrator
VOICE_INTRO: aoede | Warm, lightly witty teacher voice
VOICE_PROMPT: gacrux | Questions and cues, read clearly
VOICE_RESPONSE: schedar | Model answers, warm and clear
VOICE: SpeakerA | achird | Male
VOICE: SpeakerB | schedar | Male
VOICE: Roger | algenib | Male student
VOICE: Friend | achird | Male student
VOICE: Henry | iapetus | Male
VOICE: Pete | alnilam | Male
VOICE: Sarah | gacrux | Female
VOICE: Betty | gacrux | Female speaker
VOICE: Mary | achernar | Female speaker
VOICE: Paul | rasalgethi | Male speaker
VOICE: Sam | charon | Male speaker
VOICE: Jim | iapetus | Male speaker
VOICE: Joe | zubenelgenubi | Male speaker
VOICE: John | orus | Male speaker
VOICE: Mark | achird | Male speaker
VOICE: Kim | kore | Female speaker
VOICE: Ali | schedar | Male speaker
VOICE: Pat | fenrir | Male speaker
VOICE: Luke | sadaltager | Male speaker
VOICE: Tony | umbriel | Male speaker
VOICE: Andy | algieba | Male speaker
VOICE: Art | sadachbia | Male speaker
VOICE: Phil | algenib | Male speaker
VOICE: Tim | puck | Male speaker
VOICE: Sharif | achird | Male speaker
VOICE: Owen | enceladus | Male speaker
VOICE: Chuck | alnilam | Male speaker
VOICE: Bob | achird | Male speaker
VOICE: Don | umbriel | Male speaker
VOICE: Jack | puck | Male speaker
VOICE: Bill | charon | Male speaker
VOICE: Dale | achird | Male speaker
VOICE: Gene | schedar | Male speaker
VOICE: Lynn | aoede | Female speaker
VOICE: Gwen | achernar | Female speaker
VOICE: ID | achernar | speaker (auto)
VOICE: Narrator | achird | speaker (auto)

$LESSON 1-1: Climate and the Beach

# Source: ST §Hot Climate or Cold Climate?
$DIALOGUE Climate and Weather Words
ID: l1-s1
INTRO: In this lesson you'll learn to talk about weather and climate, say what will happen if something else happens, and use the present perfect tense. First, the words: listen to each sentence and repeat it.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat.
REPEAT

VOCAB: climate
LINE: The weather of a place is its climate.
LINE: Puerto Rico has a very nice climate.

VOCAB: heat
LINE: We receive heat from the sun.
LINE: The heat from the fire will dry your clothes.

VOCAB: humidity
LINE: Water in the air is called humidity.
LINE: The humidity is very high near the ocean.

VOCAB: humid
LINE: When there's a lot of water in the air, we say it's humid.
LINE: It's often very humid in Houston.

VOCAB: sea
LINE: A sea is full of salty water.
LINE: The Mediterranean Sea is between Europe and Africa.

VOCAB: beach
LINE: A beach is the land next to a sea or an ocean.
LINE: Children enjoy playing at the beach.

VOCAB: to blow | blow
LINE: Usually a breeze blows softly in the evening.
LINE: The wind blew very hard yesterday.
LINE: Oh no! The wind has blown my papers off my desk.

VOCAB: expect to | expect
LINE: My sister said she would call me today. I'm expecting her call.
LINE: It's 11:00 o'clock. I expect the bus to come soon.

VOCAB: during
LINE: It was still freezing during April.
LINE: We used to go swimming every day during the summer.

# Source: LLA 1A Listening/Speaking
$PRODUCE Weather and Places — Answer the Questions
ID: 1a-ls1
INTRO: Now put those words to work. Listen to a sentence and a question, answer aloud, then repeat the model answer.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the sentences and answer the questions aloud.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
REPEAT

PROMPT: If the sea is calm, we can take the baby on the boat. Can we take the baby on the boat? {bk12-l1a-f1-01-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: We can take the baby on the boat if the sea is calm. {bk12-l1a-f1-01-a.mp3}

PROMPT: The Wilsons enjoyed their vacation at the beach. Where did the Wilsons go on their vacation? {bk12-l1a-f1-02-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: They went to the beach. {bk12-l1a-f1-02-a.mp3}

PROMPT: I like to be on the beach when the wind is blowing softly. When do you like to be on the beach? {bk12-l1a-f1-03-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: I like to be on the beach when the wind is blowing softly. {bk12-l1a-f1-03-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Joey spilled some water on the floor. His mother slipped and fell down. What happened to Joey's mother? {bk12-l1a-f1-04-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: She slipped on some water and fell down. {bk12-l1a-f1-04-a.mp3}

PROMPT: There are no clouds in the sky. It's a beautiful clear day. Is it a cloudy day? {bk12-l1a-f1-05-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: No. It's a clear day. There are no clouds in the sky. {bk12-l1a-f1-05-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Alice never swims in the deep part of the lake. Does Alice swim in the deep part of the lake? {bk12-l1a-f1-06-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: No. She never swims in the deep part of the lake. {bk12-l1a-f1-06-a.mp3}

PROMPT: The children were frightened when the lights went out. When were the children frightened? {bk12-l1a-f1-07-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: They were frightened when the lights went out. {bk12-l1a-f1-07-a.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 1 (full dialogue)
$DIALOGUE Where Would You Like to Live?
ID: 1a-f1
INTRO: Two friends talk about the perfect place to live — calm sea, soft wind, and very little chance of actually moving there. Just listen.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the dialogue.

SpeakerA: Where would you like to live? {bk12-l1a-f1-08.mp3}
SpeakerB: I'd like to live in a place near the beach, where the sea is calm and the wind blows softly. This place would have a warm climate and a little humidity. {bk12-l1a-f1-09.mp3}
SpeakerA: Do you ever expect to live in this place? {bk12-l1a-f1-10.mp3}
SpeakerB: I don't know, but it's a nice thought. {bk12-l1a-f1-11.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 1 (role play, part 1)
$PRODUCE Where Would You Like to Live? — Your Turn
ID: 1a-f1-b
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
INTRO: Now it's your conversation. Listen to the question, read your reply aloud, then check the model.
INSTRUCTION: Read your lines aloud when it's your turn.

PROMPT: Where would you like to live? {bk12-l1a-f1-08.mp3}
TEMPLATE: I'd like to live in a place near the beach, where the sea is calm, and the wind blows softly. This place would have a warm climate and little humidity.
RESPONSE: I'd like to live in a place near the beach, where the sea is calm and the wind blows softly. This place would have a warm climate and a little humidity. {bk12-l1a-f1-09.mp3}

PROMPT: Do you ever expect to live in this place? {bk12-l1a-f1-10.mp3}
TEMPLATE: I don't know, but it's a nice thought.
RESPONSE: I don't know, but it's a nice thought. {bk12-l1a-f1-11.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 2 (role play, part 2)
$PRODUCE Where Would You Like to Live? — You Begin
ID: 1a-f2
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
INTRO: Same conversation, but this time you start it. Say your line aloud, then listen to the reply.
INSTRUCTION: Speak your lines aloud.

TEMPLATE: Where would you like to live?
RESPONSE: Where would you like to live? {bk12-l1a-f1-08.mp3}

PROMPT: I'd like to live in a place near the beach, where the sea is calm and the wind blows softly. This place would have a warm climate and a little humidity. {bk12-l1a-f1-09.mp3}
TEMPLATE: Do you ever expect to live in this place?
RESPONSE: Do you ever expect to live in this place? {bk12-l1a-f1-10.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 3 (full dialogue)
$DIALOGUE Where Does Your Brother Live?
ID: 1a-f3
INTRO: Winter in New York lasts about six months — which is at least five too many for some people. Listen to the conversation.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the dialogue.

SpeakerA: Where does your brother live? {bk12-l1a-f2-01.mp3}
SpeakerB: He lives in New York City. {bk12-l1a-f2-02.mp3}
SpeakerA: How long does winter last there? {bk12-l1a-f2-03.mp3}
SpeakerB: It lasts about 6 months. Next year he wants to move to Miami during the winter. {bk12-l1a-f2-04.mp3}
SpeakerA: Are the winters unpleasant? {bk12-l1a-f2-05.mp3}
SpeakerB: Well, they can be dangerous. Last year he slipped on the ice and hurt his leg. {bk12-l1a-f2-06.mp3}
SpeakerA: Maybe he shouldn't stay in New York. {bk12-l1a-f2-07.mp3}
SpeakerB: He likes living there except in the winter. {bk12-l1a-f2-08.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 3 (role play, part 1)
$PRODUCE Where Does Your Brother Live? — Your Turn
ID: 1a-f3-b
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
INTRO: Now you're the one with the brother in New York. Listen, read your reply aloud, then check the model.
INSTRUCTION: Read your lines aloud when it's your turn.

PROMPT: Where does your brother live? {bk12-l1a-f2-01.mp3}
TEMPLATE: He lives in New York City.
RESPONSE: He lives in New York City. {bk12-l1a-f2-02.mp3}

PROMPT: How long does winter last there? {bk12-l1a-f2-03.mp3}
TEMPLATE: It lasts about six months. Next year he wants to move to Miami during the winter.
RESPONSE: It lasts about 6 months. Next year he wants to move to Miami during the winter. {bk12-l1a-f2-04.mp3}

PROMPT: Are the winters unpleasant? {bk12-l1a-f2-05.mp3}
TEMPLATE: Well, they can be dangerous. Last year he slipped on the ice and hurt his leg.
RESPONSE: Well, they can be dangerous. Last year he slipped on the ice and hurt his leg. {bk12-l1a-f2-06.mp3}

PROMPT: Maybe he shouldn't stay in New York. {bk12-l1a-f2-07.mp3}
TEMPLATE: He likes living there except in the winter.
RESPONSE: He likes living there except in the winter. {bk12-l1a-f2-08.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 4 (role play, part 2)
$PRODUCE Where Does Your Brother Live? — You Begin
ID: 1a-f4
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
INTRO: Once more, and this time you ask the questions. Say your line aloud, then listen to the reply.
INSTRUCTION: Speak your lines aloud.

TEMPLATE: Where does your brother live?
RESPONSE: Where does your brother live? {bk12-l1a-f2-01.mp3}

PROMPT: He lives in New York City. {bk12-l1a-f2-02.mp3}
TEMPLATE: How long does winter last there?
RESPONSE: How long does winter last there? {bk12-l1a-f2-03.mp3}

PROMPT: It lasts about 6 months. Next year he wants to move to Miami during the winter. {bk12-l1a-f2-04.mp3}
TEMPLATE: Are the winters unpleasant?
RESPONSE: Are the winters unpleasant? {bk12-l1a-f2-05.mp3}

PROMPT: Well, they can be dangerous. Last year he slipped on the ice and hurt his leg. {bk12-l1a-f2-06.mp3}
TEMPLATE: Maybe he shouldn't stay in New York.
RESPONSE: Maybe he shouldn't stay in New York. {bk12-l1a-f2-07.mp3}

# Source: ST §Letter to Mary
$DIALOGUE A Letter to Mary {st-page_012_001.jpg}
ID: l1-s2
INTRO: Betty lives somewhere warm; her sister Mary is freezing in New York. Read Betty's letter and notice how she uses the weather words you just learned.
INSTRUCTION: Read the letter.

Narrator: Dear Mary,
Narrator: Since you're tired of the freezing temperatures in New York, come and visit us during spring break (March 23rd to 28th)!
Narrator: I'm sending you a picture of your niece and nephew at the beach.
Narrator: The wind really blew that day but, don't worry, it hasn't blown much since.
Narrator: Don't you just want to come when you see the beach?
Narrator: You say that you don't want to come because of our hot climate, but you don't really feel the heat when you're near the water, Sis.
NOTES: Sis = Sister
Narrator: When you're next to the water and the breeze blows, you don't feel the humidity.
Narrator: It's more humid in New York in the summer than it is here. Come down and you will see.
Narrator: I hope it's clear to you that I want you to come and spend time with us.
Narrator: I expect to hear from you soon.
Narrator: Your sister.

# Source: ST §Where's Carl?
$DIALOGUE Where's Carl?
ID: l1-s3
INTRO: The letter worked — Mary came. Her husband Carl stayed in New York, and there's a story behind that. Listen and repeat; watch for "slip", "remain", and "last".
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the dialog.
REPEAT

Betty: I'm so glad you came.
Mary: It's nice to see you, too.
Betty: Why didn't Carl come with you?

VOCAB: to slip | slip
VOCAB: to remain | remain
Mary: He hasn't felt well ever since he slipped and fell at work last month. He wants to remain in New York until he finishes his medicine and sees the doctor again.

VOCAB: to last | last
Betty: How long is his medicine going to last?
Mary: It'll last about one more week.

VOCAB: slippery
VOCAB: dangerous
Betty: Poor Carl. Slippery floors are very dangerous. Are they going to do anything to make the floors less slippery?

VOCAB: carpeting
Mary: They're going to put in carpeting.
NOTES: carpeting = carpet

Betty: I'm glad they learned something from this.

$LESSON 1-2: Ever, Feelings, and Staying Calm

# Source: LLA 1B Listening/Speaking (vocabulary)
$DIALOGUE New Words: Remain, Belong, No Longer
ID: 1b-ls1
INTRO: In this part you'll learn words for habits and feelings, and hear about one very bad storm. Start by listening to each sentence and repeating it.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat.
REPEAT

VOCAB: remain
LINE: Tim remained in France after his family left. {bk12-l1b-f1-01.mp3}

VOCAB: belong
LINE: This jacket belongs to Martha. It's hers. {bk12-l1b-f1-02.mp3}

VOCAB: humid
LINE: The weather in London is very humid. It rains a lot. {bk12-l1b-f1-03.mp3}

VOCAB: no longer
LINE: Nina no longer wants to study French. She doesn't think it's interesting. {bk12-l1b-f1-04.mp3}

VOCAB: occasionally
LINE: I eat there occasionally, but not very often. {bk12-l1b-f1-05.mp3}

VOCAB: like
LINE: There are many interesting cities, like Los Angeles and Washington, D.C., to see in the United States. {bk12-l1b-f1-06.mp3}

VOCAB: heat
LINE: The sun gives us a lot of heat. It keeps us warm. {bk12-l1b-f1-07.mp3}

# Source: ST §Ever
$DIALOGUE Ever
ID: l1-s4
INTRO: "Ever" shows up whenever we ask about any time at all. Read these short exchanges — no repeating needed.
INSTRUCTION: Read the dialogs.

VOCAB: ever
VOCAB: finally
Paul: What did you ever do about your car?
Sam: I finally sold it!

Jim: How did you ever get to Houston on time?
Joe: I took a plane!

John: How did you ever pass that test?
Mark: I studied all night!

Kim: Have you ever been to Europe?
Ali: Yes, I've been there many times.
Kim: What about you, Pat?
VOCAB: never
Pat: No, I've never been there.

Luke: Did you ever write to John?
Tony: No, I never did. I lost his address.
Luke: What about you, Andy?
Andy: Yes, I wrote to him last week.

Art: Do you ever wear your school jacket?
VOCAB: no longer | anymore
Phil: No, I never wear it anymore.
Art: What about you, Tim?
Tim: Sure, I wear mine all the time. It's nice and warm.

Sharif: Have you ever had pita bread?
NOTES: pita = a thin, flat bread
Owen: No, I've never had any, but I hear it's great.
Sharif: What about you, Chuck?
Chuck: Yes. I eat it all the time. It's delicious.

# Source: ST §What Ever Happened To...?
$PRODUCE What Ever Happened To...?
ID: l1-s5
INTRO: People move on — jobs change, letters stop, Aunt Virginia is suddenly in Texas. Ask what ever happened to the underlined person, then answer with "no longer" and the new situation.
INSTRUCTION: Ask a question about the underlined person, then answer it using the remaining information.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: The learner must form a question like "What ever happened to X?" followed by an answer stating "he/she no longer..." and the new situation from the cue.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: *Aunt Virginia* doesn't live in New York any longer. She moved to Texas last year.
RESPONSE: What ever happened to Aunt Virginia? Well, she no longer lives in New York. Now, she lives in Texas.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: *Your friend Ron* isn't sick any longer. He feels better now.
RESPONSE: What ever happened to your friend Ron? Well, he's no longer sick. Now, he feels better.

TEMPLATE: *Uncle Paul* doesn't work with Carl any longer. He found another job.
RESPONSE: What ever happened to Uncle Paul? Well, he no longer works with Carl. Now, he has another job.

TEMPLATE: *Mr. Ross*, your neighbor, doesn't fix cars any longer. He hurt his hands.
RESPONSE: What ever happened to Mr. Ross? Well, he no longer fixes cars. Now, he can't because he hurt his hands.

TEMPLATE: *Frankie* doesn't go to high school any longer. He graduated last May.
RESPONSE: What ever happened to Frankie? Well, he no longer goes to high school. Now, he has graduated.

TEMPLATE: *Carl's friend Joe* isn't single any longer. He's married now.
RESPONSE: What ever happened to Carl's friend Joe? Well, he's no longer single. Now, he's married.

TEMPLATE: *Carl's mother* isn't staying with us any longer.
RESPONSE: What ever happened to Carl's mother? Well, she's no longer staying with us.

TEMPLATE: *Mrs. Green* doesn't visit us any longer. She can't drive anymore.
RESPONSE: What ever happened to Mrs. Green? Well, she no longer visits us. Now, she can't drive anymore.

TEMPLATE: *Your friend Dorothy* doesn't write you any longer. She's very busy with her new family.
RESPONSE: What ever happened to your friend Dorothy? Well, she no longer writes me. Now, she's very busy with her new family.

TEMPLATE: *Mr. Sills* doesn't tell funny stories any longer. He doesn't have time now.
RESPONSE: What ever happened to Mr. Sills? Well, he no longer tells funny stories. Now, he doesn't have time.

TEMPLATE: *Miss Grant* isn't in Spain any longer. She came back to the U.S. last week.
RESPONSE: What ever happened to Miss Grant? Well, she's no longer in Spain. Now, she's back in the U.S.

# Source: ST §Are You Ever Frightened Like That?
$DIALOGUE Are You Ever Frightened Like That?
ID: l1-s7
INTRO: Betty and Mary are relaxing at the beach, sharing an unpleasant thought or two. Listen and repeat; watch for "calm", "frightened", and "deep".
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the dialog.
REPEAT

VOCAB: calm
VOCAB: quiet
Betty: It's so calm and quiet here--no noise, no problems. I just love being at the beach.

VOCAB: except
VOCAB: frightened | frighten
Mary: I do too. I'm glad we came--except that swimming in the sea frightens me sometimes.

Betty: Why is that?

VOCAB: deep
Mary: I think about swimming too far into the sea, where the water is really deep, and that frightens me.

VOCAB: unpleasant
VOCAB: thought | thoughts
Betty: Everybody has unpleasant thoughts sometimes.

VOCAB: like
Mary: Are you ever frightened like that?

VOCAB: occasionally
Betty: Not very often, but I occasionally worry about the kids' swimming too far.
NOTES: kids = children

Mary: Let's just forget about these unpleasant thoughts and enjoy the beach.

# Source: LLA 1B full dialogue
$DIALOGUE A Bad Storm
ID: 1b-f1-dialogue
INTRO: Two friends remember a bad storm — an hour of noise, then deep water in slippery streets. Nobody remained calm. Just listen.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the dialogue.

SpeakerA: Were you ever in a bad storm before? {bk12-l1b-f1-08.mp3}
SpeakerB: Yes, and I was very frightened. It was about an hour before it stopped. {bk12-l1b-f1-09.mp3}
SpeakerA: Then did it clear up? {bk12-l1b-f1-10.mp3}
SpeakerB: Yes. It got very quiet, but the water in the streets was very deep and it was slippery. {bk12-l1b-f1-11.mp3}
SpeakerA: Did you remain calm during the storm? {bk12-l1b-f1-12.mp3}
SpeakerB: No, I didn't. None of us did. We were all very glad when it cleared up. {bk12-l1b-f1-13.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1B Figure 1 (role play B)
$PRODUCE A Bad Storm — Your Turn
ID: 1b-f1
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
INTRO: Now the storm happened to you. Listen to the question, read your line aloud, then check your answer.
INSTRUCTION: Read your lines aloud when it's your turn.

PROMPT: Were you ever in a bad storm before? {bk12-l1b-f1-14.mp3}
TEMPLATE: Yes, and I was very frightened. It was about an hour before it stopped.
RESPONSE: Yes, and I was very frightened. It was about an hour before it stopped. {bk12-l1b-f1-09.mp3}

PROMPT: Then did it clear up? {bk12-l1b-f1-15.mp3}
TEMPLATE: Yes, it got very quiet. But the water in the streets was very deep, and it was slippery.
RESPONSE: Yes, it got very quiet. But the water in the streets was very deep, and it was slippery. {bk12-l1b-f1-11.mp3}

PROMPT: Did you remain calm during the storm? {bk12-l1b-f1-16.mp3}
TEMPLATE: No, I didn't. None of us did. We were all very glad when it cleared up.
RESPONSE: No, I didn't. None of us did. We were all very glad when it cleared up. {bk12-l1b-f1-13.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1B Figure 2 (role play A)
$PRODUCE A Bad Storm — You Begin
ID: 1b-f2
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
INTRO: Same conversation, but this time you ask the questions. Read your line aloud, then listen to the answer.
INSTRUCTION: Read your lines aloud when it's your turn.

TEMPLATE: Were you ever in a bad storm before?
PROMPT: Yes, and I was very frightened; it was about an hour before it stopped. {bk12-l1b-f2-01.mp3}
RESPONSE: Were you ever in a bad storm before? {bk12-l1b-f1-08.mp3}

TEMPLATE: Then did it clear up?
PROMPT: Yes, it got very quiet, but the water in the streets was very deep and it was slippery. {bk12-l1b-f2-02.mp3}
RESPONSE: Then did it clear up? {bk12-l1b-f1-10.mp3}

TEMPLATE: Did you remain calm during the storm?
PROMPT: No, I didn't. None of us did. We were all very glad when it cleared up. {bk12-l1b-f2-03.mp3}
RESPONSE: Did you remain calm during the storm? {bk12-l1b-f1-12.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1B Figure 3 (feelings)
$SELECT How Is He Feeling?
ID: 1b-f3
INTRO: Listen to each short exchange and decide how the person feels. The clues are in what they say, not how loudly they say it.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the correct feeling.

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: What's wrong, Gina? — My dog ran away. — Gina's? {bk12-l1b-f3-ex.mp3}
OPTION: a | happy
OPTION: b | tired
OPTION: c | sad
ANSWER: c

PROMPT: Hello, sir. Long day? — Yes. I was very busy all day. — He's? {bk12-l1b-f3-01.mp3}
OPTION: a | tired {bk12-l1b-f3-01-a.mp3}
OPTION: b | happy
OPTION: c | sick
ANSWER: a

PROMPT: Look at that big smile. — I made a 95 on my quiz. — He's? {bk12-l1b-f3-02.mp3}
OPTION: a | sad
OPTION: b | happy {bk12-l1b-f3-02-a.mp3}
OPTION: c | angry
ANSWER: b

PROMPT: Hi, Phil. How are you today? — My stomach hurts, and I have a fever. — He's? {bk12-l1b-f3-03.mp3}
OPTION: a | sick {bk12-l1b-f3-03-a.mp3}
OPTION: b | tired
OPTION: c | careless
ANSWER: a

PROMPT: Hey, Jack. Where are you going? — It's 11:30, time for lunch. — He's? {bk12-l1b-f3-04.mp3}
OPTION: a | late
OPTION: b | sick
OPTION: c | hungry {bk12-l1b-f3-04-a.mp3}
ANSWER: c

PROMPT: What happened to your leg? — I fell down outside the door. — He's? {bk12-l1b-f3-05.mp3}
OPTION: a | tired
OPTION: b | sick
OPTION: c | hurt {bk12-l1b-f3-05-a.mp3}
ANSWER: c

# Source: ST §Carl Wants To Go Fishing.
$DIALOGUE Carl Wants to Go Fishing
ID: l1-s8
INTRO: Good news from New York: Carl is feeling better and thinking about fish. Listen and repeat; notice "clear up" and "clear".
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the dialog.
REPEAT

Betty: Did you talk to Carl? Was he feeling better?

VOCAB: clear up
VOCAB: clear
Mary: Yes, much better. He said that he drove to the lake last Sunday. It was cloudy in the morning, but it cleared up in the afternoon. The day was calm and the water was clear. He could see the fish there. He can't wait until he can go fishing.

Betty: His pain won't last much longer. He'll be ready to go fishing soon.
Mary: We certainly hope so.

# Source: ST §The Children Stay Calm
$PRODUCE Stay Calm, Remain Quiet
ID: l1-s9
INTRO: Now build your own sentences with "stay" or "remain" plus an adjective — calm, quiet, happy, sad, angry, or cool. Use the cue on the screen; the model shows one good answer.
INSTRUCTION: Make a sentence using "stay" or "remain" and the phrase below.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: The learner must form a sentence using "stay" or "remain" along with a suitable adjective (angry, happy, sad, calm, quiet, cool) and the provided phrase. Example: "Joe remains quiet when everyone else is making noise."

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: when everyone else is making noise
RESPONSE: Joe remains quiet when everyone else is making noise.

TEMPLATE: when/sleep
RESPONSE: The children stay calm when they sleep.

TEMPLATE: when/at a party
RESPONSE: She stays happy when she is at a party.

TEMPLATE: during a test
RESPONSE: The students remain quiet during a test.

TEMPLATE: when/have a pain
RESPONSE: He stays sad when he has a pain.

TEMPLATE: when/drive a car
RESPONSE: Mr. Williams remains calm when he drives a car.

TEMPLATE: when/very hot
RESPONSE: I try to stay cool when it is very hot.

TEMPLATE: when someone hurts/feelings
RESPONSE: She stays angry when someone hurts her feelings.

TEMPLATE: when/do class work
RESPONSE: They remain quiet when they do class work.

TEMPLATE: after someone calls/at 3:00 a.m.
RESPONSE: He stays angry after someone calls at 3:00 a.m.

# Source: ST §Only the Yellow Ones Are Ours
$DIALOGUE Only the Yellow Ones Are Ours {st-page_019_001.jpg}
ID: l1-s10
INTRO: The visit is almost over, and somebody's socks are in the wrong suitcase. Listen and repeat; notice "belong to" and "none".
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the dialog.
REPEAT

VOCAB: could use
Betty: Mary, I could use some help.
Mary: I'll be glad to help you. What do you need?

VOCAB: none
VOCAB: belong to
Betty: None of these socks, except the yellow ones, belong to us. I think they belong to you, or I picked them up by mistake at the laundry.
Mary: No. You didn't make a mistake. They belong to us.

Betty: Thank you for clearing that up for me. . . . I'm so glad you decided to come.

VOCAB: be over
Mary: Me too, but I'm sad our visit is almost over. Tomorrow at this time we'll be back in New York.
Betty: Yes, I'm sorry your visit will be over, too. Can you come back next year?

$LESSON 1-3: If Clauses

# Source: ST §Conditional Sentences (grammar)
$GRAMMAR Conditional Sentences with If
ID: l1-s11
INTRO: Here's the heart of this lesson: saying what will happen if something else happens. One condition, one result — and the "if" part can go first or last.

Conditional sentences have two parts: the if-clause and the main clause. One type of conditional sentence is used to show what may/will happen in the present/future if a certain condition happens.

When the if-clause has the present tense, the main clause uses the present or future tense. Note that the if-clause may come before or after the main clause.

| If Clause | Main Clause |
|---|---|
| If the weather's good, | {we drive to the beach.}<br>{we're driving to the beach.}<br>{we'll drive to the beach.}<br>{we're going to drive to the beach.} |

| Main Clause | If Clause |
|---|---|
| Tom {can} come | if he doesn't have to study. |
| Tom {might} come | if he doesn't have to study. |
| Tom {should} come | if he doesn't have to study. |
| Tom {must} come | if he doesn't have to study. |
| Tom {is able to} come | if he doesn't have to study. |

| Main Clause (Questions) | If Clause |
|---|---|
| {Could you read} my paper | if you have time? |
| {Will you read} my paper | if you have time? |
| {Are you going to read} my paper | if you have time? |

| If Clause | Main Clause (Questions) |
|---|---|
| If you finish early, | {how will you tell} me? |
| If you finish early, | {what will you do?} |
| If you finish early, | {where are you going?} |

**Examples:**
1. If you speed, {you will get} a ticket.
2. Mike {must go} if he has a reservation.
3. If the telephone rings, {can you answer} it?

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 5
$DIALOGUE If Sentences
ID: 1a-f5
INTRO: Listen to sentences with "if" and repeat them. Notice that the "if" part can come first or second — the meaning survives either way.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat each sentence.
REPEAT

LINE: If Carl finishes his homework, he'll come to the movie with us. {bk12-l1a-f5-01.mp3}
LINE: Sam will pick Linda up if the plane arrives before eight o'clock. {bk12-l1a-f5-02.mp3}
LINE: Greg will hurt his back if he slips on the ice. {bk12-l1a-f5-03.mp3}
LINE: If it clears up, my family is going to the beach. {bk12-l1a-f5-04.mp3}
LINE: Bobby won't be frightened to swim there if it's not too deep. {bk12-l1a-f5-05.mp3}

# Source: ST §If..., I'll... / I'll... If...
$DIALOGUE If..., I'll... / I'll... If...
ID: l1-s21
INTRO: The same sentence, said both ways round. Listen to each pair and repeat.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat.
REPEAT

LINE: If my friend doesn't like it, can I bring it back?
LINE: Can I bring it back if my friend doesn't like it?

LINE: If you keep your sales slip, you can bring this back.
LINE: You can bring this back if you keep your sales slip.

LINE: There's a hundred-dollar deposit if you have a dog.
LINE: If you have a dog, there's a 100-dollar deposit.

LINE: Do I have to pay the deposit if I have a bird?
LINE: If I have a bird, do I have to pay the deposit?

LINE: What will happen if I don't do well on this test?
LINE: If I don't do well on this test, what will happen?

LINE: If you don't pass, you'll have to take it again.
LINE: You'll have to take it again if you don't pass.

# Source: ST §If That Happens...
$DIALOGUE If That Happens...
ID: l1-s19
INTRO: The weather is awful and Paul wants to leave anyway. Listen and repeat, and count how many "if"s two people can fit into one short conversation.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the dialog.
REPEAT

VOCAB: if
Jack: The weather's awful. If you're leaving, you should leave soon.
Paul: Well, I expect to leave at noon if it clears up.
Jack: If it starts freezing, it'll be dangerous.
Paul: Right, but the police will close the roads if it gets too bad.
Jack: What'll you do if that happens?
Paul: Well, if they do that, I'll stop until it clears up.

# Source: ST §What'll You Do If...?
$DIALOGUE What'll You Do If...?
ID: l1-s20
INTRO: Two friends plan a vacation entirely out of "if" sentences. Listen and repeat.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the dialog.
REPEAT

Bob: If you go on vacation this year, where do you think you'll go?
Bill: If I go in the summer, I'll go to the beach.
Bob: Where will you go if you go in the winter?
Bill: Well, if that happens, then I'll go to the mountains.
Bob: If you do that, I'd like to go with you.
Bill: It'll be great if we can go together.

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 6
$SELECT Complete the If Sentence
ID: 1a-f6
INTRO: Listen to the first part of a sentence, tap the phrase that best completes it, then repeat the full sentence you hear.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the matching phrase.
REPEAT

OPTION: a | if the car is in the garage?
OPTION: b | if he studies hard.
OPTION: c | if it stops raining.
OPTION: d | we'll go out on the boat.
OPTION: e | if you move that bookcase.
OPTION: f | if the water is too deep.
OPTION: g | if his mother is going to get angry.
OPTION: h | if he gets a vacation.

PROMPT: We will go to the beach. {bk12-l1a-f6-01.mp3}
ANSWER: c
FEEDBACK: We will go to the beach if it stops raining. {bk12-l1a-f6-01-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: Jeff's going to Miami. {bk12-l1a-f6-02.mp3}
ANSWER: h
FEEDBACK: Jeff's going to Miami if he gets a vacation. {bk12-l1a-f6-02-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: Sgt. Gates will pass the test. {bk12-l1a-f6-03.mp3}
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: Sgt. Gates will pass the test if he studies hard. {bk12-l1a-f6-03-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: You'll hurt your back again. {bk12-l1a-f6-04.mp3}
ANSWER: e
FEEDBACK: You'll hurt your back again if you move that bookcase. {bk12-l1a-f6-04-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: Sam won't move to New York. {bk12-l1a-f6-05.mp3}
ANSWER: g
FEEDBACK: Sam won't move to New York if his mother is going to get angry. {bk12-l1a-f6-05-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: How will Henry get to work? {bk12-l1a-f6-06.mp3}
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: How will Henry get to work if the car is in the garage? {bk12-l1a-f6-06-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: Mother won't let us swim there. {bk12-l1a-f6-07.mp3}
ANSWER: f
FEEDBACK: Mother won't let us swim there if the water is too deep. {bk12-l1a-f6-07-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: If the weather clears up. {bk12-l1a-f6-08.mp3}
ANSWER: d
FEEDBACK: If the weather clears up, we'll go out on the boat. {bk12-l1a-f6-08-fb.mp3}

# Source: ST §If You Think About It, You'll Answer Correctly.
$SELECT If You Think About It
ID: l1-s22
INTRO: Match each sentence beginning with its logical ending. The title of this one in the book made a promise: if you think about it, you'll answer correctly.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the ending that completes the sentence.
OPTION: a | if the day is hot and humid.
OPTION: b | if dangerous roads frighten you.
OPTION: c | you should start studying your French.
OPTION: d | you may break a bone.
OPTION: e | you can swim in deep water.
OPTION: f | please take a message.
OPTION: g | if you sleep during class.
OPTION: h | if it doesn't rain.
OPTION: i | you'll never forget it.
OPTION: j | we can't go to the beach this afternoon.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: You shouldn't drive in the mountains
ANSWER: b

TEMPLATE: If you can swim well,
ANSWER: e

TEMPLATE: Don't expect to pass
ANSWER: g

TEMPLATE: The roads shouldn't be slippery
ANSWER: h

TEMPLATE: If you expect to go to France,
ANSWER: c

TEMPLATE: If we have to stay after class,
ANSWER: j

TEMPLATE: If you ever see that movie,
ANSWER: i

TEMPLATE: A cold drink tastes great
ANSWER: a

TEMPLATE: If you slip on the ice,
ANSWER: d

TEMPLATE: If someone calls,
ANSWER: f

# SKIPPED (tape): LLA 1A Figure 7 (Dictation) — missing audio transcript for Figure 7.
# SKIPPED (book): "WHAT MIGHT/WILL/CAN HAPPEN IF . . . ?" — open, co-constructed pair task; no solo path.
# SKIPPED (book): "READ AND LISTEN. TAKE NOTES. SUMMARIZE." — open paragraph summary writing (deferred).
# SKIPPED (book): "READ AND LISTEN. UNDERLINE AND NUMBER." — passage annotation task (underline and number answers in text).

$LESSON 1-4: Making Plans with If

# Source: ST §If We Go to the Beach, We'll Have a Good Time
$DIALOGUE If We Go to the Beach, We'll Have a Good Time {st-page_021_001.jpg}
ID: l1-s12
INTRO: In this part you'll use "if" to make real plans — starting with a beach trip that depends on the weather, a car, and five dollars. Read Bob and Don's negotiation.
INSTRUCTION: Read the dialog.

Bob: Let's go to the beach Saturday if the weather's good.
Don: If it's raining Saturday, we can go Sunday.

Bob: I won't be able to go if I have to work Sunday.
Don: If we don't go this weekend, we can always go later.

Bob: If we wait, we may not have good weather.
Don: You're right. We should go Saturday if we can.

# Source: ST §I'll Drive Mine If You Can't
$PRODUCE I'll Drive Mine If You Can't
ID: l1-s13
INTRO: Bob and Don keep planning. Combine each pair of ideas into one sentence with "if", then say it aloud.
INSTRUCTION: Make a new sentence using "if".
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: The learner must combine the two ideas using "if" correctly.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: Tom can't go. Let's ask Mark.
RESPONSE: If Tom can't go, let's ask Mark.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: We can ask Ken. Mark can't go.
RESPONSE: We can ask Ken if Mark can't go.

TEMPLATE: Don: I'd like to go to North Beach. It's not crowded.
TEMPLATE: Bob: A lot of people are there. We can go to South Beach.
RESPONSE: If a lot of people are there, we can go to South Beach.

TEMPLATE: Don: I won't be able to drive. My dad needs the car.
TEMPLATE: Bob: He does. We can use mine.
RESPONSE: If he does, we can use mine.

TEMPLATE: Don: Okay. You drive. I'll buy the gas.
TEMPLATE: Bob: I'll buy some soft drinks. I have enough money.
RESPONSE: I'll buy some soft drinks if I have enough money.

TEMPLATE: Don: Do you think Tom will come? We ask him.
TEMPLATE: Bob: He may. He doesn't have to study.
RESPONSE: He may come if he doesn't have to study.

TEMPLATE: Don: I can remember. I'll call and ask him tonight.
TEMPLATE: Bob: You forget. I'll talk to him in class tomorrow.
RESPONSE: If you forget, I'll talk to him in class tomorrow.

# Source: ST §Shopping List
$GRAMMAR The Shopping List
ID: l1-s14
INTRO: Bob and Don want food for the beach trip, and they have exactly five dollars. Here's the price list — the next two activities depend on it, so give it a look.

Bob and Don want to buy food for their trip to the beach. They only have $5.00 to spend.

| SHOPPING LIST | |
|---|---|
| sodas | $2.50 |
| potato chips | $1.35 |
| corn chips | $1.40 |
| paper cups | $1.10 |
| bread | $ .80 |
| meat | $2.75 |
| fruit | $2.00 |
| ice | $ .75 |
| cookies | $1.75 |

# Source: ST §If They Buy Sodas, They Can Buy Paper Cups
$PRODUCE If They Buy Sodas, They Can Buy Paper Cups
ID: l1-s15
REFERENCE
INTRO: Five dollars doesn't stretch far. Check the list and say whether they can buy both things — a sentence with "if" each time.
INSTRUCTION: Look at the list and make a sentence. Use "if" to say what they can or cannot buy.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: The learner must form a conditional sentence showing whether they have enough money (under $5.00) to buy both sets of items.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: sodas/potato chips
RESPONSE: If they buy sodas, they can buy potato chips, too.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: sodas and potato chips/corn chips
RESPONSE: If they get sodas and potato chips, they can't get corn chips.

TEMPLATE: sodas and ice/paper cups
RESPONSE: If they buy sodas and ice, they can buy paper cups.

TEMPLATE: sodas and fruit/paper cups
RESPONSE: If they buy sodas and fruit, they can't buy paper cups.

TEMPLATE: bread and meat/potato chips
RESPONSE: If they buy bread and meat, they can buy potato chips.

TEMPLATE: sodas/meat
RESPONSE: If they buy sodas, they can't buy meat.

TEMPLATE: fruit/cookies
RESPONSE: If they buy fruit, they can buy cookies.

TEMPLATE: meat and bread/fruit
RESPONSE: If they buy meat and bread, they can't buy fruit.

TEMPLATE: potato chips/meat
RESPONSE: If they buy potato chips, they can buy meat.

TEMPLATE: cookies/bread and meat
RESPONSE: If they buy cookies, they can't buy bread and meat.

TEMPLATE: paper cups and ice/sodas and corn chips
RESPONSE: If they buy paper cups and ice, they can't buy sodas and corn chips.

# Source: ST §Ask and Answer About the List
$PRODUCE Ask and Answer About the List
ID: l1-s16
REFERENCE
INTRO: Same list, same five dollars — but now you ask the question and answer it too. Do the math before you commit.
INSTRUCTION: Ask and answer questions about the shopping list using "if".
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: The learner must form a yes/no question using "if", then answer correctly based on the $5.00 budget.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: fruit/meat
RESPONSE: Can they buy fruit if they buy meat? Yes, they can.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: fruit/cookies and corn chips
RESPONSE: Can they get fruit if they get cookies and corn chips? No, they can't.

TEMPLATE: meat/bread and potato chips
RESPONSE: Can they buy meat if they buy bread and potato chips? Yes, they can.

TEMPLATE: potato chips and corn chips/cookies
RESPONSE: Can they buy potato chips and corn chips if they buy cookies? Yes, they can.

TEMPLATE: bread and fruit/sodas and ice
RESPONSE: Can they buy bread and fruit if they buy sodas and ice? No, they can't.

TEMPLATE: potato chips and bread/fruit and ice
RESPONSE: Can they buy potato chips and bread if they buy fruit and ice? Yes, they can.

TEMPLATE: sodas, ice, and paper cups/anything else
RESPONSE: Can they buy sodas, ice, and paper cups if they buy anything else? No, they can't.

# Source: ST §What Will Happen If...
$PRODUCE What Will Happen If...?
ID: l1-s17
INTRO: You'll see pictures of people about to make questionable decisions. Ask what will happen if they do — or don't — and answer with the second phrase.
INSTRUCTION: Ask and answer questions about the pictures. Use the underlined words and "if".
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: The learner must ask "What will happen if...?" using the first phrase, and answer using the second phrase.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: Ken wants to *try to pass the truck*. He can't see over the hill. *He'll hit the other car.* {st-page_025_001.jpg}
RESPONSE: What will happen if Ken tries to pass the truck? If Ken tries to pass the truck, he'll hit the other car.

TEMPLATE: Grace should *slow down*. *The policeman will give her a ticket.* {st-page_025_002.jpg}
RESPONSE: What will happen if Grace doesn't slow down? If she doesn't slow down, the policeman will give her a ticket.

TEMPLATE: Carmen has to *be careful*. *She may slip on the ice and fall.* {st-page_025_003.jpg}
RESPONSE: What will happen if Carmen isn't careful? If she isn't careful, she may slip on the ice and fall.

TEMPLATE: Jim and Ted *might have to walk to school*. *They need to hurry.* {st-page_026_001.jpg}
RESPONSE: What will happen if Jim and Ted don't hurry? They might have to walk to school if they don't hurry.

TEMPLATE: Bob *doesn't think that he has enough cash*. *He will have to write a check.* {st-page_026_002.jpg}
RESPONSE: What will happen if Bob doesn't have enough cash? If he doesn't have enough cash, he will have to write a check.

# Source: LLA 1D Figure 1 (dialogue 1)
$DIALOGUE Roger's Soccer Game
ID: 1d-f1
INTRO: Roger wants to play soccer at 3:30 — if his homework cooperates. Listen closely and take notes; questions follow, and every answer hangs on an "if".
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the dialogue.

Friend: There's a soccer game at 3:30 today, and we need another player, Roger. {bk12-l1d-f1-01.mp3}
Roger: If I finish my homework, I might be able to play. {bk12-l1d-f1-02.mp3}
Friend: Start on your homework right after class. {bk12-l1d-f1-03.mp3}
Roger: Okay, I will. But if I play, I'll have to walk to the game. I don't have a car. {bk12-l1d-f1-04.mp3}
Friend: I'll drive if you can go. {bk12-l1d-f1-05.mp3}
Roger: Okay. I'll see you at 2:45 if I can go. {bk12-l1d-f1-06.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1D Figure 1 (questions 1)
$PRODUCE Questions About Roger
ID: 1d-f1-b
REFERENCE
INTRO: Now answer questions about Roger's plans. Type a complete sentence with "if", then listen to the correct answer and repeat it.
INSTRUCTION: Type your answer in a complete sentence using "if".
INPUT: type
CHECK: llm
REPEAT
RUBRIC: The learner must answer in a complete sentence using "if". Treat the model answer as the factual key; accept reasonable variants of the same fact.

PROMPT: Can Roger play soccer at 3:30? {bk12-l1d-f1-07-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Yes, he can if he finishes his homework. {bk12-l1d-f1-07-a.mp3}

PROMPT: How will Roger get to the game? {bk12-l1d-f1-08-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: His friend will drive if he can go. {bk12-l1d-f1-08-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What time will they meet? {bk12-l1d-f1-09-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: If Roger can go, he'll meet his friend at 2:45. {bk12-l1d-f1-09-a.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1D Figure 1 (dialogue 2)
$DIALOGUE Henry's Trip
ID: 1d-f1-c
INTRO: Henry is packing for a trip, and Pete has a small shopping request. Listen and take notes — questions follow.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the dialogue.

Pete: Are you still packing, Henry? {bk12-l1d-f1-10.mp3}
Henry: Yes. If I don't finish tonight, I won't be able to leave at 7:30 tomorrow morning. {bk12-l1d-f1-11.mp3}
Pete: Could you buy something for my kids if I give you the money? {bk12-l1d-f1-12.mp3}
Henry: You may not have to give me any money if the things are cheap, Pete. {bk12-l1d-f1-13.mp3}
Pete: That's great. Okay. Tell me if I owe you any money. {bk12-l1d-f1-14.mp3}
Henry: Sure. No problem. {bk12-l1d-f1-15.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1D Figure 1 (questions 2)
$PRODUCE Questions About Henry
ID: 1d-f1-d
REFERENCE
INTRO: Answer questions about Henry and Pete. Type a complete sentence with "if", then listen to the correct answer and repeat it.
INSTRUCTION: Type your answer in a complete sentence using "if".
INPUT: type
CHECK: llm
REPEAT
RUBRIC: The learner must answer in a complete sentence using "if". Treat the model answer as the factual key; accept reasonable variants of the same fact.

PROMPT: Why must Henry finish packing tonight? {bk12-l1d-f1-16-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: If he doesn't finish tonight, he won't be able to leave at 7:30. {bk12-l1d-f1-16-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Will Pete have to give Henry any money if the things for the children are cheap? {bk12-l1d-f1-17-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: No, Pete won't have to give Henry any money if the things for the children are cheap. {bk12-l1d-f1-17-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What will Henry tell Pete? {bk12-l1d-f1-18-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Henry will tell Pete if he owes him any money. {bk12-l1d-f1-18-a.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1D Figure 1 (dialogue 3)
$DIALOGUE Sarah's Leave
ID: 1d-f1-e
INTRO: Sarah is working late so tomorrow can be a day off — lake if it's sunny, mall if it rains. Listen and take notes; the questions are next.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the dialogue.

Friend: Why are you still here, Sarah? {bk12-l1d-f1-19.mp3}
Sarah: I have to stay late if I want to take leave tomorrow. {bk12-l1d-f1-20.mp3}
Friend: What are you going to do tomorrow? {bk12-l1d-f1-21.mp3}
Sarah: If the weather is nice, I'm going to the lake. If it rains, I'm going to the mall. {bk12-l1d-f1-22.mp3}
Friend: That sounds like fun. Have a good time. {bk12-l1d-f1-23.mp3}
Sarah: I will, if I finish my work today. {bk12-l1d-f1-24.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1D Figure 1 (questions 3)
$PRODUCE Questions About Sarah
ID: 1d-f1-f
REFERENCE
INTRO: Last set: answer questions about Sarah's plans. Type a complete sentence with "if", then listen to the correct answer and repeat it.
INSTRUCTION: Type your answer in a complete sentence using "if".
INPUT: type
CHECK: llm
REPEAT
RUBRIC: The learner must answer in a complete sentence using "if". Treat the model answer as the factual key; accept reasonable variants of the same fact.

PROMPT: Why does Sarah have to stay late? {bk12-l1d-f1-25-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: She has to stay late if she wants leave tomorrow. {bk12-l1d-f1-25-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What will Sarah do tomorrow? {bk12-l1d-f1-26-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: If the weather is nice, she's going to the lake. If it rains, she's going to the mall. {bk12-l1d-f1-26-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Will Sarah have fun? {bk12-l1d-f1-27-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Yes, she will if she finishes her work. {bk12-l1d-f1-27-a.mp3}

$LESSON 1-5: The Present Perfect

# Source: ST §Present Perfect (grammar)
$GRAMMAR The Present Perfect Tense
ID: l1-s23
INTRO: One more pattern for this lesson: the present perfect — "have" or "has" plus the past participle. Use it for things that started in the past and are still true, or happened at no particular time.

| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / We / You / They | have / haven't | studied | all afternoon. |
| He / She | has / hasn't | studied | all afternoon. |

| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Have | I / we / you / they | studied | all afternoon? |
| Has | he / she | studied | all afternoon? |

The present perfect tense is formed with **have** or **has** + **the past participle** of the verb. With regular verbs, the past participle is formed by adding **-ed** to the verb. With irregular verbs, the past participle changes its form.

**COMPARISON OF PAST TENSE AND PRESENT PERFECT TENSE:**
We use **past tense** to describe situations that happened at a **definite time** in the past.
We use **present perfect tense** to describe situations that have happened at an **indefinite time** (or times) in the past, or situations that have begun in the past and have continued to the present.

# Source: LLA 1B Listening/Speaking 2
$DIALOGUE Present Perfect Sentences
ID: 1b-ls2
INTRO: Now hear the pattern in action. Listen to each sentence and repeat it — notice "for", "since", and the participle after "has" or "have".
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat.
REPEAT

LINE: Betty hasn't seen her sister for 5 weeks. {bk12-l1b-f3-06.mp3}
LINE: Lieutenant Martin has eaten here every Friday since 1984. {bk12-l1b-f3-07.mp3}
LINE: Peters lived in San Francisco for 3 years. {bk12-l1b-f3-08.mp3}
LINE: Tom hasn't exercised for 2 months. {bk12-l1b-f3-09.mp3}
LINE: The soldiers have enjoyed this show for years. {bk12-l1b-f3-10.mp3}
LINE: Sergeant Peterson has walked to work since his car has been in the garage. {bk12-l1b-f3-11.mp3}
LINE: Mike hasn't studied French for 15 years. {bk12-l1b-f3-12.mp3}
LINE: Sandy has had that job since Mr. Adams left. {bk12-l1b-f3-13.mp3}

# Source: ST §How Long Has the Engine Sounded Like This?
$DIALOGUE How Long Has the Engine Sounded Like This?
ID: l1-s24
INTRO: A noisy engine and a tight skirt — two mysteries, both solved with the present perfect. Read the dialogs.
INSTRUCTION: Read the dialogs.

Dale: How long has your car's engine sounded this way?
Gene: I've heard that noise for a week or two, I guess.
Dale: How long has it been since someone put oil in it?
Gene: I don't think anyone has done it for several months.

Lynn: This skirt has gotten tighter every week!
Gwen: Have you washed it often since you bought it?
Lynn: No, I haven't. I've dry-cleaned it since it was new.
Gwen: Well, maybe you've eaten too much since then.

LINE: Pam has had that library book for a month.
LINE: Jack has been in Los Angeles since last summer.
LINE: The Millers have had their house for five years.

# Source: ST §Phil Has Lived There For Two Years.
$DIALOGUE Phil Has Lived There for Two Years
ID: l1-s25
INTRO: Here's the key difference in three sentences: past tense means it's over; present perfect means it's still going. Read them carefully.
INSTRUCTION: Read the sentences.

LINE: Phil lived in Chicago for two years. He doesn't live there now.
LINE: Phil has lived in Houston for two years. He still lives there.
LINE: Phil has lived in Houston since 1985. He still lives there.

# Source: LLA 1B Figure 4
$PRODUCE Answer with the Present Perfect
ID: 1b-f4
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
INTRO: Listen to each question and answer it aloud using the cue on the screen. The present perfect is the point — mind your "have" and "has".
INSTRUCTION: Answer the question aloud using the cue.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: five years
PROMPT: How long have you known Captain Jackson? {bk12-l1b-f4-ex.mp3}
RESPONSE: I've known Captain Jackson for five years.

TEMPLATE: no
PROMPT: Have you ever driven to Boston? {bk12-l1b-f4-01.mp3}
RESPONSE: No, I have never driven to Boston.

TEMPLATE: no, Italian
PROMPT: Has John ever studied German? {bk12-l1b-f4-02.mp3}
RESPONSE: No, he has studied Italian.

TEMPLATE: no, last Wednesday
PROMPT: Has Ted exercised in the gym? {bk12-l1b-f4-03.mp3}
RESPONSE: No, he hasn't exercised in the gym since last Wednesday.

TEMPLATE: yes, two years
PROMPT: Has Ms. Wilson taught English for a long time? {bk12-l1b-f4-04.mp3}
RESPONSE: Yes, she has taught English for two years.

TEMPLATE: no, since he bought the car
PROMPT: Has your brother been saving his money? {bk12-l1b-f4-05.mp3}
RESPONSE: No, he hasn't been saving his money since he bought the car.

TEMPLATE: no, two weeks
PROMPT: Have you seen your brother? {bk12-l1b-f4-06.mp3}
RESPONSE: No, I haven't seen my brother for two weeks.

TEMPLATE: yes, since it started
PROMPT: Have you been listening to this tape? {bk12-l1b-f4-07.mp3}
RESPONSE: Yes, I have been listening to this tape since it started.

# Source: ST §Lt Elton Hasn't Gotten a New Uniform Since Last Year
$PRODUCE Complete with the Present Perfect
ID: l1-s26
INTRO: Now write the forms. Type the present perfect of the verb in parentheses to complete each sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Complete the sentence using the present perfect tense of the verb.
INPUT: type
CHECK: exact

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: Edna ____{has known} Dave for 20 years. (know)
RESPONSE: Edna has known Dave for 20 years.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: Rose and Adam ____{have not taken} any tests this week. (not take)
RESPONSE: Rose and Adam have not taken any tests this week.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: ____{Has} Marta ____{eaten} anything this morning? (eat)
RESPONSE: Has Marta eaten anything this morning?

TEMPLATE: ____{Has} Emily ____{taken} her medicine today? (take)
RESPONSE: Has Emily taken her medicine today?

TEMPLATE: Joe ____{has known} Paul's secret for 11 years. (know)
RESPONSE: Joe has known Paul's secret for 11 years.

TEMPLATE: Henry ____{has not spoken} Spanish since he left Spain. (not speak)
RESPONSE: Henry has not spoken Spanish since he left Spain.
ACCEPT: has not spoken | hasn't spoken

TEMPLATE: Iris ____{has written} magazine articles for many years. (write)
RESPONSE: Iris has written magazine articles for many years.

TEMPLATE: Sidney ____{has driven} the same car since he was 18. (drive)
RESPONSE: Sidney has driven the same car since he was 18.

TEMPLATE: We ____{have not eaten} at Ernie's Place since last summer. (not eat)
RESPONSE: We have not eaten at Ernie's Place since last summer.
ACCEPT: have not eaten | haven't eaten

TEMPLATE: ____{Has} Sal ____{worn} the same dress everywhere she's been? (wear)
RESPONSE: Has Sal worn the same dress everywhere she's been?

TEMPLATE: Erica ____{has gotten} earaches every winter for 8 years. (get)
RESPONSE: Erica has gotten earaches every winter for 8 years.
ACCEPT: has gotten | has got

TEMPLATE: Chuck ____{has not done} his homework since he broke his elbow. (not do)
RESPONSE: Chuck has not done his homework since he broke his elbow.
ACCEPT: has not done | hasn't done

TEMPLATE: ____{Has} Al ____{flown} for Sky Way Airlines since he left the Air Force? (fly)
RESPONSE: Has Al flown for Sky Way Airlines since he left the Air Force?

# Source: ST §Fred Has Flown Fast Airplanes For Fourteen Years
$PRODUCE Make It Present Perfect — For or Since
ID: l1-s27
INTRO: You'll hear a sentence in the present tense. Say it again in the present perfect, adding the time phrase on the screen with "for" or "since".
INSTRUCTION: Make a new sentence using the present perfect tense and "for" or "since".
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: Charles drives a taxi in Chicago.
TEMPLATE: for three years
RESPONSE: Charles has driven a taxi in Chicago for three years.

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: Those salesmen don't work here.
TEMPLATE: since June
RESPONSE: Those salesmen haven't worked here since June.

PROMPT: Frank feels sick.
TEMPLATE: since yesterday
RESPONSE: Frank has felt sick since yesterday.

PROMPT: Dick and Jane want a dog.
TEMPLATE: for six months
RESPONSE: Dick and Jane have wanted a dog for six months.

PROMPT: The baby is not sleeping well.
TEMPLATE: since 8:30
RESPONSE: The baby hasn't slept well since 8:30.

PROMPT: Anne intends to take a vacation.
TEMPLATE: for two weeks
RESPONSE: Anne has intended to take a vacation for two weeks.

PROMPT: Cory does not exercise regularly.
TEMPLATE: since last week
RESPONSE: Cory hasn't exercised regularly since last week.

PROMPT: The students use these books.
TEMPLATE: for three years
RESPONSE: The students have used these books for three years.

# Source: ST §Has Kevin Worked Here For a Long Time?
$PRODUCE Has He Lived There Long?
ID: l1-s28
INTRO: Read each little exchange, then ask a yes/no question about the underlined verb in the present perfect — and answer it yourself.
INSTRUCTION: Ask and answer a question about the dialog using the underlined word.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: The learner must form a yes/no question in the present perfect tense based on the dialog, and answer it correctly.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: Ted: How do you like Houston? Lee: I'm not sure. I've just *lived* here since May.
RESPONSE: Has Ted lived in Houston since May? Yes, he has.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: Lee: Have you been here for a long time? Ted: No, I've only *lived* in Houston for a year.
RESPONSE: Has Ted lived in Houston for a long time? No, he hasn't. He's only lived there for a year.

TEMPLATE: Mike: Have you *known* Trudy very long? Luis: I've known her since she was a child.
RESPONSE: Has Luis known Trudy very long? Yes, he has known her since she was a child.

TEMPLATE: Mike: Dale says he's *known* Trudy for a long time too. Luis: That's not true. He met her at the beach last month.
RESPONSE: Has Dale known Trudy for a long time? No, he hasn't. He has only known her since last month.

TEMPLATE: Kate: How long have you and Ron *owned* this house? Jane: Not long. Just since last summer.
RESPONSE: Have Jane and Ron owned this house for a long time? No, they haven't. They've only owned it since last summer.

TEMPLATE: Jane: Did you and Joe buy your house when you got married? Kate: Yes. We've *owned* it since 1982.
RESPONSE: Have Kate and Joe owned their house since 1982? Yes, they have.

TEMPLATE: Al: How have you *felt* this week? Ed: Not good. I've been tired for several days.
RESPONSE: Has Ed felt good this week? No, he hasn't.

TEMPLATE: Al: How have you *felt* since you started going to the gym? Ed: I've felt great since I started going there every day.
RESPONSE: Has Ed felt great since he started going to the gym? Yes, he has.

# Source: ST §Daisy and Donald Have Needed a New Car for Years
$DIALOGUE Daisy and Donald Have Needed a New Car
ID: l1-s29
INTRO: Daisy and Donald have driven the same old car since they were married, and the repair bills have finally won. Read the story — questions follow.
INSTRUCTION: Read the paragraphs.

LINE: Daisy and Donald have wanted to buy a new car for a long time.
LINE: They have driven Donald's old car since they were married.
LINE: During the last year, they've had large auto repair bills almost every month.
LINE: For the last few weeks, they have thought about borrowing the money to buy a new car.
LINE: They have talked for several days with Hubert D. Louis.
LINE: Hubert is a nephew of Donald's who has worked at the Golden State Bank for 20 years.
LINE: He has known Donald and Daisy since he was a child.
LINE: Donald and Daisy have lived in Los Angeles near Hubert and his brothers for many years and have always worked for the Easy Entertainment Company.
LINE: Hubert has felt that his uncle's old car was too crowded ever since Donald got it. He is happy to lend Donald and Daisy the money for a new one.

# Source: ST §Answer About Daisy and Donald
$PRODUCE Questions About Daisy and Donald
ID: l1-s30
REFERENCE
INTRO: Now use the story. Read each sentence, ask a question with the cue word in the present perfect, then answer it. You can look back at the story if the repair bills got blurry.
INSTRUCTION: Ask a question about the story using the cue word, then answer it using the present perfect tense.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
SHOW_PROMPT
RUBRIC: The learner must form a question starting with the cue word in the present perfect tense, and answer it accurately according to the story.

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: Donald has needed a new car for many years. (who)
RESPONSE: Who has needed a new car for many years? Donald.

PROMPT: They have driven Donald's old car since they were married. (how long)
RESPONSE: How long have they driven Donald's old car? They have driven it since they were married.

PROMPT: For the last few weeks, they have thought about borrowing the money. (what)
RESPONSE: What have they thought about for the last few weeks? They have thought about borrowing the money.

PROMPT: Hubert has worked at the Golden State Bank for 20 years. (where)
RESPONSE: Where has Hubert worked for 20 years? He has worked at the Golden State Bank.

PROMPT: Donald and Daisy have lived in Los Angeles near Hubert for many years. (how long)
RESPONSE: How long have Donald and Daisy lived in Los Angeles? They have lived there for many years.

PROMPT: Hubert has felt that his uncle's old car was too crowded. (what)
RESPONSE: What has Hubert felt about his uncle's old car? He has felt that it was too crowded.

# SKIPPED (book): "SUMMARIES" — open paragraph summarization task; deferred as out of scope.

$LESSON 1-6: Numbers, Sounds, and Word Meanings

# Source: LLA 1D Figure 2
$PRODUCE Number Dictation
ID: 1d-f2
INTRO: This last part sharpens your ears and eyes. First, dictation: listen to each sentence and type the missing number — birthdays and grandchildren included.
INSTRUCTION: Type the missing number.
INPUT: type
CHECK: exact

TEMPLATE: My brother was born in ____.
PROMPT: My brother was born in 1947. {bk12-l1d-f2-01.mp3}
RESPONSE: My brother was born in 1947.
ACCEPT: 1947

TEMPLATE: He has spent the last ____ years in the United States Navy.
PROMPT: He has spent the last 15 years in the United States Navy. {bk12-l1d-f2-02.mp3}
RESPONSE: He has spent the last 15 years in the United States Navy.
ACCEPT: 15 | fifteen

TEMPLATE: ____{3|three} years of that time have been spent in Japan, ____{4|four} years in Guam, and ____{3|three} years in Spain.
PROMPT: Three years of that time have been spent in Japan, 4 years in Guam, and 3 years in Spain. {bk12-l1d-f2-03.mp3}
RESPONSE: Three years of that time have been spent in Japan, 4 years in Guam, and 3 years in Spain.

TEMPLATE: He will be in the Navy for ____ more years.
PROMPT: He will be in the Navy for 5 more years. {bk12-l1d-f2-04.mp3}
RESPONSE: He will be in the Navy for 5 more years.
ACCEPT: 5 | five

TEMPLATE: After that, he'll probably spend ____ more years in another job.
PROMPT: After that, he'll probably spend 20 more years in another job. {bk12-l1d-f2-05.mp3}
RESPONSE: After that, he'll probably spend 20 more years in another job.
ACCEPT: 20 | twenty

TEMPLATE: March ____ is my grandfather's birthday.
PROMPT: March 27 is my grandfather's birthday. {bk12-l1d-f2-06.mp3}
RESPONSE: March 27 is my grandfather's birthday.
ACCEPT: 27 | 27th | twenty-seven

TEMPLATE: He will be ____ years old.
PROMPT: He will be 72 years old. {bk12-l1d-f2-07.mp3}
RESPONSE: He will be 72 years old.
ACCEPT: 72 | seventy-two

TEMPLATE: We are having a party for him.
TEMPLATE: His ____{3|three} sisters, ____{2|two} brothers, ____{5|five} children, and ____{10|ten} grandchildren will be there.
PROMPT: We are having a party for him. His 3 sisters, 2 brothers, 5 children, and 10 grandchildren will be there. {bk12-l1d-f2-08.mp3}
RESPONSE: We are having a party for him. His 3 sisters, 2 brothers, 5 children, and 10 grandchildren will be there.

TEMPLATE: There will also be at least ____ other people there.
PROMPT: There will also be at least 15 other people there. {bk12-l1d-f2-09.mp3}
RESPONSE: There will also be at least 15 other people there.
ACCEPT: 15 | fifteen

# Source: ST §How Do We Say It?
$SELECT How Do We Say It?
ID: l1-s6
INTRO: English spelling and English sounds are old enemies. For each key word, tap the word whose underlined part makes the same sound as the underlined part of the key word.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the word that has the same sound as the underlined part of the key word.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: l*au*gh
OPTION: a | fr*ie*nd
OPTION: b | d*o*g
OPTION: c | m*a*tch
ANSWER: a

TEMPLATE: *ex*change
OPTION: a | e*g*g
OPTION: b | *ex*ercise
OPTION: c | e*s*calator
ANSWER: b

TEMPLATE: *c*ould
OPTION: a | *c*oin
OPTION: b | *s*hop
OPTION: c | *r*ice
ANSWER: a

TEMPLATE: cau*ti*on
OPTION: a | *sh*op
OPTION: b | *ch*icken
OPTION: c | *s*on
ANSWER: a

TEMPLATE: en*g*ine
OPTION: a | *j*ump
OPTION: b | *g*o
OPTION: c | *c*atch
ANSWER: a

TEMPLATE: fre*qu*ently
OPTION: a | *qu*iet
OPTION: b | *c*an
OPTION: c | *k*ey
ANSWER: a

TEMPLATE: instru*c*tor
OPTION: a | *k*eep
OPTION: b | *c*ertain
OPTION: c | *s*o
ANSWER: a

TEMPLATE: ho*s*e
OPTION: a | *n*ose
OPTION: b | *p*ass
OPTION: c | *sh*op
ANSWER: a

TEMPLATE: commer*ci*al
OPTION: a | *sh*ould
OPTION: b | *ch*ip
OPTION: c | *s*o
ANSWER: a

TEMPLATE: cau*ti*ous
OPTION: a | *sh*arp
OPTION: b | *ch*eck
OPTION: c | *s*erve
ANSWER: a

TEMPLATE: ser*v*ice
OPTION: a | *f*eel
OPTION: b | *b*ig
OPTION: c | *v*ehicle
ANSWER: c

TEMPLATE: di*sh*
OPTION: a | *w*rench
OPTION: b | *sh*oe
OPTION: c | *s*ome
ANSWER: b

TEMPLATE: a*ch*e
OPTION: a | *ch*icken
OPTION: b | *c*ake
OPTION: c | *sh*op
ANSWER: b

TEMPLATE: l*o*ve
OPTION: a | b*o*ther
OPTION: b | v*e*nding
OPTION: c | *u*p
ANSWER: c

TEMPLATE: be*c*ome
OPTION: a | *c*ool
OPTION: b | *r*eceive
OPTION: c | *t*each
ANSWER: a

TEMPLATE: pa*ti*ent
OPTION: a | *sh*ine
OPTION: b | *t*ime
OPTION: c | *s*o
ANSWER: a

# Source: ST §The Word May Be... Is Not... Is...
$PRODUCE The Word May Be... Is Not... Is...
ID: l1-s18
INTRO: You can often guess a word's meaning from the words around it — the more context, the surer you get. Read each sentence and type "may be", "is not", or "is" for each idea. That's the last activity of this lesson — nicely done.
INSTRUCTION: Read the sentence. Use the other words in the sentence to find what the underlined word means. Type "may be", "is not", or "is" for each option.
INPUT: type
CHECK: exact

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: Bill uses a *locker*.
TEMPLATE: ____{may be} a small closet.
TEMPLATE: ____{may be} a paint brush.
TEMPLATE: ____{may be} a basketball.
RESPONSE: may be a small closet. may be a paint brush. may be a basketball.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: Bill uses a *locker* at the gym.
TEMPLATE: ____{may be} a small closet.
TEMPLATE: ____{is not} a paint brush.
TEMPLATE: ____{may be} a basketball.
RESPONSE: may be a small closet. is not a paint brush. may be a basketball.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: Bill uses a *locker* at the gym to keep his clothes in while he swims.
TEMPLATE: ____{is} a small closet.
TEMPLATE: ____{is not} a paint brush.
TEMPLATE: ____{is not} a basketball.
RESPONSE: is a small closet. is not a paint brush. is not a basketball.

TEMPLATE: Mark went to a *stadium*.
TEMPLATE: ____{may be} a shopping center.
TEMPLATE: ____{may be} a place to watch sports.
TEMPLATE: ____{may be} an airport.
RESPONSE: may be a shopping center. may be a place to watch sports. may be an airport.

TEMPLATE: Mark went to a *stadium* and bought a ticket.
TEMPLATE: ____{may be} a shopping center.
TEMPLATE: ____{may be} a place to watch sports.
TEMPLATE: ____{may be} an airport.
RESPONSE: may be a shopping center. may be a place to watch sports. may be an airport.

TEMPLATE: Mark went to a *stadium* and bought a ticket for a football game.
TEMPLATE: ____{is not} a shopping center.
TEMPLATE: ____{is} a place to watch sports.
TEMPLATE: ____{is not} an airport.
RESPONSE: is not a shopping center. is a place to watch sports. is not an airport.

TEMPLATE: Ellen bought a *candle*.
TEMPLATE: ____{may be} something to make light.
TEMPLATE: ____{may be} something to sit on.
TEMPLATE: ____{may be} something to drive.
RESPONSE: may be something to make light. may be something to sit on. may be something to drive.

TEMPLATE: Ellen bought a *candle* for the house.
TEMPLATE: ____{may be} something to make light.
TEMPLATE: ____{may be} something to sit on.
TEMPLATE: ____{is not} something to drive.
RESPONSE: may be something to make light. may be something to sit on. is not something to drive.

TEMPLATE: Ellen bought a *candle* for the house for whenever the lights go out.
TEMPLATE: ____{is} something to make light.
TEMPLATE: ____{is not} something to sit on.
TEMPLATE: ____{is not} something to drive.
RESPONSE: is something to make light. is not something to sit on. is not something to drive.

TEMPLATE: Tom has a *condominium*.
TEMPLATE: ____{may be} a headache.
TEMPLATE: ____{may be} a job.
TEMPLATE: ____{may be} an apartment.
RESPONSE: may be a headache. may be a job. may be an apartment.

TEMPLATE: Tom has a *condominium* in California.
TEMPLATE: ____{is not} a headache.
TEMPLATE: ____{may be} a job.
TEMPLATE: ____{may be} an apartment.
RESPONSE: is not a headache. may be a job. may be an apartment.

TEMPLATE: Tom has a *condominium* in California which he lives in during the summers.
TEMPLATE: ____{is not} a headache.
TEMPLATE: ____{is not} a job.
TEMPLATE: ____{is} an apartment.
RESPONSE: is not a headache. is not a job. is an apartment.