$MODULE Book 7 · Lesson 5: Don't Make a Mistake {st-page_155_001.jpg|A circular diagram divided into six triangular segments depicting various concepts: geometric shapes, a living room with a ceiling fan and couch, a night landscape with a moon over hills and a house with a fence, pieces of cut fruit, a teacher pointing at a math equation on a chalkboard while students watch, and a curved roadway}
FORMAT: 2
DIOCO_DOC_ID: alc_book7_lesson5
DESCRIPTION: Review of Book 7: pronoun referents, comparisons, sentence combining, and reading skills.
TARGET_LANG_G: en
HOME_LANG_G: en
VOICE_DEFAULT: aoede | Clear, friendly American English narrator
VOICE_PROMPT: gacrux | Questions and cues, read clearly
VOICE_RESPONSE: schedar | Model answers, warm and clear

$SESSION 5-1: Pronouns, Ages, and Combining Sentences

# SKIPPED (book): "OPPOSITES" — instructor-led oral opposites drill with no printed stimuli.
# SKIPPED (book): "DID YOU HEAR THAT?" — instructor-read listening comprehension paragraphs without printed stimuli.

# Source: ST §It = Florida
$PRODUCE What Does "It" Point To?
ID: l5-s1
INTRO: You've finished this book — this lesson is the review, so nothing here is new. We start with pronouns: every "he", "she", "it", and "they" points at someone or something. Read each little story and type who or what the marked word points to.
INSTRUCTION: Type the word or phrase that the underlined pronoun refers to.
INPUT: type
CHECK: exact

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: Many people take their vacation in Florida. *It* has the ocean and nice weather all year.
TEMPLATE: It = ____{Florida}
RESPONSE: It = Florida

TEMPLATE: Mac is a happy man. *He* likes to play, and he doesn't work a lot. He has many friends. *They* often go to the movies together on Friday night, to the football games on Saturday, and sometimes to a basketball game on Tuesday.
TEMPLATE: They = ____{Mac's friends|his friends|friends}
RESPONSE: They = Mac's friends

TEMPLATE: The children in my family like animals very much. Often they see dogs and cats without homes and bring these animals to our house. Sometimes the animals are sick. Then the children give *them* medicine and good food.
TEMPLATE: Them = ____{sick animals|the animals|animals|dogs and cats|dogs and cats without homes}
RESPONSE: Them = the animals

TEMPLATE: Fred needs a job. Every day he looks at the ads for jobs in the newspaper. For twelve years in the past he was a student, but he's not a student now. He finished school in June. Now *he* has to work.
TEMPLATE: He = ____{Fred}
RESPONSE: He = Fred

TEMPLATE: Laura took a long vacation with friends. *They* went to Alaska and climbed a high mountain. The first day it was sunny. The second day it rained. The third day on the mountain it snowed. Laura and her friends had to climb down fast.
TEMPLATE: They = ____{Laura and her friends|Laura and friends|friends}
RESPONSE: They = Laura and her friends

TEMPLATE: Betty saw a pretty carpet in a store downtown. *She* wanted to buy it, but the price was more money than she had. She went home, looked at her living room, and thought about the carpet. The next day Betty got a job. Soon she will have the money for a new carpet.
TEMPLATE: She = ____{Betty}
RESPONSE: She = Betty

TEMPLATE: Do you know the name of the longest river in the world? It is the Nile. It begins in Tanzania and stops at the Mediterranean Sea. Africa is the home of *this river*.
TEMPLATE: This river = ____{the Nile|the Nile River|Nile}
RESPONSE: This river = the Nile

TEMPLATE: John Miller is an airman. His brother Don is a soldier. John is in the Air Force. Don is in the Army. *Both* are in the military.
TEMPLATE: Both = ____{John and Don|John and Don Miller|John Miller and Don Miller|the brothers}
RESPONSE: Both = John and Don

TEMPLATE: Mary plays basketball. It's her job. For six months of the year Mary works long hours. Then after the basketball season is over, *she* can relax.
TEMPLATE: She = ____{Mary}
RESPONSE: She = Mary

TEMPLATE: My brother is buying a car for his daughter. *She* uses it to drive to school.
TEMPLATE: She = ____{his daughter|my brother's daughter|the daughter|daughter}
RESPONSE: She = his daughter

TEMPLATE: Dick works for his dad in his store downtown. *He* works after school and usually on Saturday too.
TEMPLATE: He = ____{Dick}
RESPONSE: He = Dick

# SKIPPED (book): "WHAT DO WE USE A COMB FOR?", "UNDERSTAND...UNDERSTOOD", "OTHER", "COMPARE.", "RELATED WORDS", "WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE?" — instructor-led oral classroom and pair drills.
# SKIPPED (book): "LET'S DRAW!" & "DRAW THE SHAPES." — physical drawing activities on paper / chalkboard.
# SKIPPED (book): "OUR HOME IN SAN ANTONIO." — listening gap-fill with instructor-read text unprinted in the book.

# Source: ST §Select the Same Words
$PRODUCE Trickier Words: "Other", "Here", "Do This"
ID: l5-s2
INTRO: Same job, sneakier words. Words like "other", "here", and "do this" also point back at something said earlier. Read each passage and type what the marked words stand for.
INSTRUCTION: Type the word or phrase that the underlined word refers to.
INPUT: type
CHECK: exact

TEMPLATE: It was a hot Sunday afternoon and the lake outside the city was very crowded. It was crowded with boats and with people. The people were trying to swim, and the boats were going from one side of the lake to the *other*.
TEMPLATE: Other = ____{side|the other side|the other side of the lake|side of the lake}
RESPONSE: Other = the other side of the lake

TEMPLATE: From 1820 to 1930 more than 37 million people came to the United States from other countries. They wanted jobs and land. Some of them worked for a few years and then went home. The others stayed *here*.
TEMPLATE: Here = ____{the United States|the US|the U.S.|United States}
RESPONSE: Here = the United States

TEMPLATE: The Lopez family live in a big house on the edge of town. They have two dogs and a cat. The dogs cost a lot of money. Mr. Lopez paid $100 for one of the dogs and $150 for *the other one*.
TEMPLATE: The other one = ____{the other dog|the second dog|one of the dogs|dog}
RESPONSE: The other one = the other dog

TEMPLATE: In our country most people wash and dry their clothes inside the house, but in many countries women wash the clothes outside and dry them in the sun. Our grocery stores are inside also, but in very warm countries people may buy and sell food outside. Most people take a shower inside, but in a hot country people may *do this* outside too.
TEMPLATE: Do this = ____{take a shower|shower|take showers}
RESPONSE: Do this = take a shower

TEMPLATE: The grass around the house is very green, and there are some pretty flowers next to the fence in the backyard. On the other side of the fence vegetables grow. Bill works in the yard after dinner every evening. Some people think his is the prettiest *one* on the block.
TEMPLATE: One = ____{yard|backyard}
RESPONSE: One = yard

# Source: ST §Age and Time Comparisons
$PRODUCE Age and Time Comparisons
ID: l5-s3
INTRO: Now some arithmetic hiding inside English. Read the sentences about ages and years, do the small calculation, and type the answer. Sally's brother has been waiting for you.
INSTRUCTION: Read the sentences and calculate the answer.
INPUT: type
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: Accept answers that give the correct number or time period, either as digits or written out in words.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: Sally is twelve. Her brother is ten years older.
PROMPT: How old is Sally's brother?
RESPONSE: He's 22.

TEMPLATE: John was 16 on his last birthday. His friend Al is two years younger than John.
PROMPT: How old is Al?
RESPONSE: He's 14.

TEMPLATE: Tim's sister is 18. Tim is half that.
PROMPT: How old is Tim?
RESPONSE: He's 9.

TEMPLATE: Terry has a birthday next week. She will be 31 years older than her three-year-old son.
PROMPT: How old will Terry be?
RESPONSE: She will be 34.

TEMPLATE: Guy and his brother are both sixteen. Their mother is twenty-five years older.
PROMPT: How old is their mother?
RESPONSE: She's 41.

TEMPLATE: Mr. Wilson is two years older than Mrs. Wilson. He is forty.
PROMPT: How old is Mrs. Wilson?
RESPONSE: She's 38.

TEMPLATE: The school opened for the first class in 1910. It's 1990 now.
PROMPT: How old is the school?
RESPONSE: It's 80 years old.

TEMPLATE: We have a very big tree in our yard. The tree is older than my father's mother. She is 88.
PROMPT: Is the tree older than 88?
RESPONSE: Yes, it's more than 88 years old.

TEMPLATE: My cat is my age. I'm two years older than my sister. She's 11.
PROMPT: How old is the cat?
RESPONSE: It's 13.

TEMPLATE: Every student in my class is older than Ray. The oldest one in the class is 29. On his next birthday Ray will be six years younger than that.
PROMPT: How old will Ray be on his next birthday?
RESPONSE: He will be 23.

TEMPLATE: We bought our furniture ten years ago. Two years later we bought the refrigerator.
PROMPT: How many years ago did we buy the refrigerator?
RESPONSE: Eight years ago.

# Source: ST §Combine the Sentences
$PRODUCE Combine the Sentences
ID: l5-s4
INTRO: Two or three little sentences walk in; one good sentence walks out. Combine them into a single sentence, moving each describing word in front of the thing it describes — just like in the example.
INSTRUCTION: Combine the sentences into one sentence.
INPUT: type
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: Accept any grammatically correct combination of the given sentences that incorporates the descriptive adjectives properly.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: The man is tall.
TEMPLATE: He has a car.
TEMPLATE: *His car is red.*
RESPONSE: The tall man has a red car.

TEMPLATE: *The glass is green.*
TEMPLATE: It is on the table.
TEMPLATE: *The table is red.*
RESPONSE: The green glass is on the red table.

TEMPLATE: *The airplane is small.*
TEMPLATE: The airplane flew over the ocean.
RESPONSE: The small airplane flew over the ocean.

TEMPLATE: *The refrigerator is in the kitchen.*
TEMPLATE: *The refrigerator is new.*
RESPONSE: The new refrigerator is in the kitchen.

TEMPLATE: He drank some tea.
TEMPLATE: *The tea was hot.*
RESPONSE: He drank some hot tea.

TEMPLATE: *The woman is old.*
TEMPLATE: The woman will climb a mountain.
RESPONSE: The old woman will climb a mountain.

TEMPLATE: *The girl is short.*
TEMPLATE: She is wearing a hat.
TEMPLATE: *It is white.*
RESPONSE: The short girl is wearing a white hat.

TEMPLATE: The boy looks like his mother.
TEMPLATE: *He is small.*
RESPONSE: The small boy looks like his mother.

TEMPLATE: They have a house.
TEMPLATE: *It is old.*
RESPONSE: They have an old house.

TEMPLATE: He has a bird.
TEMPLATE: *It is big and yellow.*
RESPONSE: He has a big, yellow bird.

TEMPLATE: She had a truck.
TEMPLATE: *The truck was old and red.*
RESPONSE: She had an old, red truck.

# SKIPPED (book): "SYNONYMS", "INSTRUCTIONS", "WHAT'S THIS CALLED?", "NEW HOSPITAL" — instructor-led oral, board-drawing, and partner pair drills.

# Source: ST §I Need Some Money. Do You Have Any?
$PRODUCE I Need Some Money. Do You Have Any?
ID: l5-s4-b
INTRO: You'll see something you need — eggs, soap, money. Say the pattern aloud: "I need some eggs. Do you have any?" Then answer with a short answer: "Yes, I have some." or "No, I don't have any."
INSTRUCTION: Say "I need some…", ask "Do you have any?", then give a short answer.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: Accept a correctly formed statement + question using "some" in the affirmative ("I need some X.") and "any" in the question ("Do you have any?"), followed by a logical short answer — affirmative with "some" ("Yes, I have some.") or negative with "any" ("No, I don't have any."). Either answer polarity is fine.

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: money
RESPONSE: I need some money. Do you have any?\n— Yes, I have some.

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: coffee
RESPONSE: I need some coffee. Do you have any?\n— No, I don't have any.

PROMPT: eggs
RESPONSE: I need some eggs. Do you have any?\n— Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: potatoes
RESPONSE: I need some potatoes. Do you have any?\n— Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: dessert
RESPONSE: I need some dessert. Do you have any?\n— Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: bread
RESPONSE: I need some bread. Do you have any?\n— Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: sugar
RESPONSE: I need some sugar. Do you have any?\n— Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: soup
RESPONSE: I need some soup. Do you have any?\n— Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: chairs
RESPONSE: I need some chairs. Do you have any?\n— Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: furniture
RESPONSE: I need some furniture. Do you have any?\n— Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: tables
RESPONSE: I need some tables. Do you have any?\n— Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: soap
RESPONSE: I need some soap. Do you have any?\n— Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: water
RESPONSE: I need some water. Do you have any?\n— Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: toothpaste
RESPONSE: I need some toothpaste. Do you have any?\n— Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: cups
RESPONSE: I need some cups. Do you have any?\n— Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: spoons
RESPONSE: I need some spoons. Do you have any?\n— Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: glasses
RESPONSE: I need some glasses. Do you have any?\n— Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: paper
RESPONSE: I need some paper. Do you have any?\n— Yes, I have some.

# Source: ST §I'd Like Both, Please.
$PRODUCE I'd Like Both, Please
ID: l5-s5
INTRO: Cake or cookies? Why choose. Each question offers two things — answer aloud with a full sentence using "both" and take everything.
INSTRUCTION: Answer the question aloud with a complete sentence using "both".
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: Accept any complete, natural sentence that uses "both" to answer the question affirmatively for both options.

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: Do you want cake or cookies?
RESPONSE: I'd like both, please.

PROMPT: Did you go to China or Russia on your vacation?
RESPONSE: I went to both.

PROMPT: Is Pat watching TV or doing his homework?
RESPONSE: He's doing both.

PROMPT: Did Tom buy the brown slacks or the blue ones?
RESPONSE: He bought both.

PROMPT: Does she like hot tea or cold tea?
RESPONSE: She likes both.

PROMPT: Are you tired or sick?
RESPONSE: I'm both.

PROMPT: Did the children play baseball or soccer last night?
RESPONSE: They played both.

PROMPT: Is Bill studying English or Spanish?
RESPONSE: He's studying both.

PROMPT: Does Lou have a cat or a dog?
RESPONSE: He has both.

PROMPT: Did Frank write a letter or a postcard?
RESPONSE: He wrote both.

PROMPT: Did he talk to Susan or Tony?
RESPONSE: He talked to both.

$SESSION 5-2: Matching, Comparing, and Reading

# Source: ST §Match: Definitions and Actions
$SELECT Match: Definitions and Actions
ID: l5-s6
INTRO: This part of the review is matching, comparing, and reading. First, matching by ear: listen to each sentence and tap the sentence that goes with it — the moon, the diameter, or poor Bill's homework.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the sentence that matches what you hear.
OPTION: a | It's the moon.
OPTION: b | She never does her homework.
OPTION: c | They had the wrong answer.
OPTION: d | It's the diameter.
OPTION: e | He always does it.

PROMPT: It divides a circle.
ANSWER: d

PROMPT: He brushes his teeth every day.
ANSWER: e

PROMPT: She doesn't like mathematics.
ANSWER: b

PROMPT: They made a mistake.
ANSWER: c

PROMPT: We usually see it at night.
ANSWER: a

# Source: ST §Match: Objects and Locations
$SELECT Match: Objects and Locations
ID: l5-s7
INTRO: One more round of matching — things and places this time. Listen to each sentence and tap its partner.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the sentence that matches what you hear.
OPTION: a | He opened a can.
OPTION: b | It's a lamp.
OPTION: c | It's a cabinet.
OPTION: d | You usually do it.
OPTION: e | It's a mountain.

PROMPT: It's on the big desk.
ANSWER: b

PROMPT: We keep dishes in it.
ANSWER: c

PROMPT: They want to climb it.
ANSWER: e

PROMPT: You study five days a week.
ANSWER: d

PROMPT: Bill used a can opener.
ANSWER: a

# Source: new (gap: comparatives are drilled in this review but the rule is never restated in the lesson)
$GRAMMAR Bigger and Biggest — a Quick Reminder
ID: l5-s8-g
INTRO: Before the next exercise, a thirty-second reminder of how English compares things.

CARD: To compare **two** things, add **-er** and use **than**.
{A tree is taller than a flower.}
{A mountain is higher than a hill.}

CARD: To compare **three or more**, use **the** and add **-est**.
{June 21 is usually the longest day in the year.}
{He is the heaviest of the three boys.}

SUMMARY:
| Word | Comparing two | Comparing three or more |
|---|---|---|
| tall | taller than | the tallest |
| old | older than | the oldest |
| big | bigger than | the biggest |
| pretty | prettier than | the prettiest |

Word box for the next exercise: big, small, pretty, narrow, wide, old, short, nice, high, long, young, large, tall, heavy.

# Source: ST §It's Bigger Than a Bread Box
$PRODUCE Bigger and Biggest
ID: l5-s8
REFERENCE: l5-s8-g
INTRO: Which is bigger, older, prettiest? Complete each sentence with the "-er" or "-est" form of a word from the box. Open the reminder card if you need the word list.
INSTRUCTION: Type the "-er" or "-est" form of a word from the box: "big, small, pretty, narrow, wide, old, short, nice, high, long, young, large, tall, heavy".
INPUT: type
CHECK: exact

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: A tree is ____{taller} than a flower. (tall)
RESPONSE: A tree is taller than a flower.

TEMPLATE: The weather in spring is ____{nicer|warmer|prettier} than the weather in winter.
RESPONSE: The weather in spring is nicer than the weather in winter.

TEMPLATE: A boy is ____{shorter|smaller|younger} than a man.
RESPONSE: A boy is shorter than a man.

TEMPLATE: Alex weighs more than his two brothers. He is the ____{heaviest|biggest} of the three boys.
RESPONSE: Alex weighs more than his two brothers. He is the heaviest of the three boys.

TEMPLATE: June 21 is usually the ____{longest} day in the year.
RESPONSE: June 21 is usually the longest day in the year.

TEMPLATE: December 21 is usually the ____{shortest} day in the year.
RESPONSE: December 21 is usually the shortest day in the year.

TEMPLATE: Which flower in the yard is the ____{prettiest|nicest|biggest|tallest}?
RESPONSE: Which flower in the yard is the prettiest?

TEMPLATE: A truck is ____{bigger|heavier|larger|longer|wider} than a car.
RESPONSE: A truck is bigger than a car.

TEMPLATE: Bob is 32. Mary is 33. John is 27. Mary is the ____{oldest} and John is the ____{youngest}.
RESPONSE: Bob is 32. Mary is 33. John is 27. Mary is the oldest and John is the youngest.

TEMPLATE: A mountain is ____{higher|taller|bigger|larger} than a hill.
RESPONSE: A mountain is higher than a hill.

TEMPLATE: My hand is ____{smaller|shorter} than my foot.
RESPONSE: My hand is smaller than my foot.

# Source: ST §Sentence Building Table
$GRAMMAR Sentence Building Table
ID: l5-s9
INTRO: A table for building connected sentences: who has something, and where they keep it. Study the pattern — you'll write your own sets next.

CARD: Connect who has an item with where they keep it.
{Randall has a new car. He keeps it in the garage.}
{The students have a new refrigerator. They keep it in the kitchen.}
{You and I have a new couch. We keep it in the living room.}

SUMMARY:
| Subject | Verb | Object | Subject Pronoun | Verb | Location / Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randall | has | a new car. | He | keeps it | in the garage. |
| Randall | has | a new refrigerator. | He | keeps it | in the kitchen. |
| Randall | has | a new couch. | He | keeps it | in the living room. |
| The students | have | a new car. | They | keep it | in the garage. |
| The students | have | a new refrigerator. | They | keep it | in the kitchen. |
| The students | have | a new couch. | They | keep it | in the living room. |
| You and I | have | a new car. | We | keep it | in the garage. |
| You and I | have | a new refrigerator. | We | keep it | in the kitchen. |
| You and I | have | a new couch. | We | keep it | in the living room. |

# Source: ST §Write Sentences Using the Table
$PRODUCE Write Sentences Using the Table
ID: l5-s10
REFERENCE: l5-s9
INTRO: Your turn to build. For each cue, write three connected sentences: what they have, where they keep it, and what they use it for. Open the table if you need it.
INSTRUCTION: Write three connected sentences about the item. Open the table if you need it.
INPUT: type
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: The model shows the pattern: subject + "has/have a new" + item, then pronoun + "keeps/keep it" + location. Accept any grammatically correct sentences following this pattern with the named subject and item; a third sentence about what it is used for is optional and may say anything sensible.

PROMPT: Write sentences about Randall and a new refrigerator.
RESPONSE: Randall has a new refrigerator. He keeps it in the kitchen. He uses it to keep food cold.

PROMPT: Write sentences about the students and a new car.
RESPONSE: The students have a new car. They keep it in the garage. They use it to drive to school.

PROMPT: Write sentences about you and me and a new couch.
RESPONSE: You and I have a new couch. We keep it in the living room. We use it to sit on.

# Source: ST §Write the Topic (reading)
$GRAMMAR Reading: Jake's Math Test
ID: l5-s11-r
READING
INTRO: Jake had a bad day with numbers. Read what happened — afterwards you'll say what the paragraph is about.

CARD: Jake is very upset. He made a bad score on his math test. He is a good student and he usually makes good grades. But his teacher taught the class some new math, and he didn't understand some of the problems. The teacher will explain his mistakes to him after class. He will take a second math test on Friday. He wants a good score then.

# Source: ST §Write the Topic
$PRODUCE Write the Topic
ID: l5-s11
REFERENCE: l5-s11-r
INTRO: In a few words: what is the whole paragraph about? Type the topic. Open the reading again if you need to.
INSTRUCTION: Type the topic of the paragraph in a few words.
INPUT: type
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: Accept any short phrase identifying the topic (e.g., Jake's math test, Jake's bad grade, Jake's test score).

PROMPT: What is the topic of the paragraph?
RESPONSE: Jake's math test

# Source: ST §Select the Main Idea (reading)
$GRAMMAR Reading: The Allen Family
ID: l5-s12-r
READING
INTRO: The Allen family cannot sit still — read where they've all been. Then you'll pick the main idea.

CARD: Everyone in the Allen family likes to go to other countries. Mrs. Allen visited Spain and England. Later she worked in Africa and traveled in France and Italy. Thirty years ago, Mrs. Allen was a student in Mexico. She met her husband there. He was on vacation in Mexico at the time. Three of the Allen children were students in other countries. Betty studied in Brazil, Mary studied in Greece, and Linda was a student in Colombia.

# Source: ST §Select the Main Idea
$SELECT What's the Main Idea?
ID: l5-s12
REFERENCE: l5-s12-r
INTRO: Tap the sentence that covers the whole paragraph — not just one detail from it. And with that, you've finished this book's review. Well done.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the main idea of the paragraph.
OPTION: a | Many countries have good schools.
OPTION: b | The Allen family likes to travel.
OPTION: c | Mrs. Allen lived in Mexico.

TEMPLATE: What is the main idea of the paragraph?
ANSWER: b