$MODULE Book 10 · Lesson 1: Tell Me How To ... {st-page_009_001.jpg|An illustration showing a cigarette vending machine on the left and two men standing next to a snack vending machine on the right}
FORMAT: 2
DIOCO_DOC_ID: alc_book10_lesson1
DESCRIPTION: Vending machines and snacks; operating machines; "how to" with learn, teach, and show; time clauses with "when", "while", "before", "after", "until"; sequence words; and "be supposed to".
TARGET_LANG_G: en
HOME_LANG_G: en
VOICE_DEFAULT: aoede | Clear, friendly American English narrator
VOICE_PROMPT: gacrux | Questions and cues, read clearly
VOICE_RESPONSE: schedar | Model answers, warm and clear
VOICE: Frank | charon | Male speaker
VOICE: Tina | aoede | Female speaker
VOICE: Carl | schedar | Male speaker
VOICE: Dora | aoede | Female speaker
VOICE: Woman | aoede | Female voice
VOICE: Man | achird | Male voice
VOICE: Man1 | schedar | Male voice
VOICE: Woman1 | aoede | Female voice
VOICE: Peggy | aoede | Female student
VOICE: Peter | achird | Male student
VOICE: Hank | schedar | Male speaker
VOICE: Pete | charon | Male speaker
VOICE: Eric | achird | Male speaker
VOICE: Adam | alnilam | Male speaker
VOICE: Brad | achird | Male speaker
VOICE: Dave | charon | Male speaker
VOICE: Fred | umbriel | Male speaker
VOICE: Madge | aoede | Female speaker
VOICE: Greg | schedar | Male speaker
VOICE: Stan | puck | Male speaker
VOICE: Lynn | aoede | Female speaker
VOICE: Mark | puck | Male speaker
VOICE: Cashier | gacrux | Female speaker
VOICE: Rick | orus | Male speaker
VOICE: Ali | achird | Male speaker
VOICE: Ann | achernar | Female speaker
VOICE: Chris | achird | Male speaker
VOICE: George | charon | Male speaker
VOICE: Keith | alnilam | Male speaker
VOICE: Jack | rasalgethi | Male speaker
VOICE: Elaine | sulafat | Female speaker
VOICE: Dad | achird | Male speaker
VOICE: Max | schedar | Male speaker
VOICE: Victor | umbriel | Male speaker
VOICE: Larry | fenrir | Male speaker
VOICE: John | iapetus | Male speaker
VOICE: Harry | orus | Male speaker
VOICE: Steve | algenib | Male speaker
VOICE: Claire | leda | Female speaker
VOICE: Chuck | enceladus | Male speaker
VOICE: Ed | charon | Male speaker
VOICE: David | achird | Male speaker
VOICE: Bob | orus | Male speaker
VOICE: Hal | schedar | Male speaker
VOICE: Ted | algieba | Male speaker
VOICE: Narrator | achernar | speaker (auto)

$SESSION 1-1: Vending Machines and Snacks

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 1
$DIALOGUE Vending Machines and Snacks
ID: 10-1a-f1
INTRO: In this lesson you'll learn to buy things from vending machines, ask how a machine works, and say what people are supposed to do. First, the machines and the snacks they sell — listen to each sentence and repeat it.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat each word and sentence.
REPEAT

VOCAB: vending machine
LINE: This is a vending machine. A vending machine sells many different things. {page_011_001.jpg|A snacks vending machine dispensing bags of potato chips, corn chips, and peanuts} {bk10-l1a-f1-01.mp3}
VOCAB: popular
LINE: Vending machines are popular. Everyone uses them. {page_011_001.jpg|A snacks vending machine dispensing bags of potato chips, corn chips, and peanuts} {bk10-l1a-f1-02.mp3}

VOCAB: soda
VOCAB: soda pop
LINE: Sodas are sometimes called soda water. A soda or soda pop is a drink. {page_011_002.jpg|Four cans of soda including brands Cola, Fad, and Pop} {bk10-l1a-f1-03.mp3}

VOCAB: chips
LINE: Do you like potato chips or corn chips? Chips are usually made with salt. {page_011_003.jpg|Two bags of snack chips labeled Pike Potato Chips and Corny Corn Chips} {bk10-l1a-f1-04.mp3}

VOCAB: chewing gum
LINE: Do you want a piece of chewing gum? Some people chew gum between meals. {page_011_004.jpg|A pack of Wranglers Mint chewing gum} {bk10-l1a-f1-05.mp3}

VOCAB: candy bar
LINE: I like to eat chocolate candy bars. Chocolate candy bars are a sweet snack. {page_011_005.jpg|Chocolate candy bars labeled Super, ChocoLish, est Crunch, and Candy} {bk10-l1a-f1-06.mp3}

# Source: ST §What Kind of Snack Do You Want?
$DIALOGUE What Kind of Snack Do You Want?
ID: l1-s5
INTRO: Greg and Stan are picking out snacks. Sue, as usual, already knows exactly what she wants. Listen and repeat the dialog.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the dialog.
REPEAT

VOCAB: potato chip
VOCAB: corn chip
Greg: Do you want potato chips, corn chips, or a candy bar? {st-page_014_001.jpg|Three snack packages: potato chips, corn chips, and a candy bar}

Stan: I don't want anything to eat. I just want some chewing gum. {st-page_014_002.jpg|A package of chewing gum}

Greg: What does Sue want?

VOCAB: nut
Stan: She wants some nuts. {st-page_014_003.jpg|A package of salted peanuts}

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 2
$SELECT Snack Words Check
ID: 10-1a-f2
INTRO: Now use the new snack words. Listen to each question, tap the correct answer, and repeat the model sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the correct item.
REPEAT

OPTION: a | vending machines
OPTION: b | soda pop
OPTION: c | candy bar
OPTION: d | chips
OPTION: e | gum

PROMPT: What's another name for soda? {bk10-l1a-f2-01.mp3}
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: Another name for soda is soda pop. {bk10-l1a-f2-01-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: What do some people chew between meals? {bk10-l1a-f2-02.mp3}
ANSWER: e
FEEDBACK: Some people chew gum between meals. {bk10-l1a-f2-02-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: What is a popular sweet snack? {bk10-l1a-f2-03.mp3}
ANSWER: c
FEEDBACK: A popular sweet snack is a candy bar. {bk10-l1a-f2-03-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: Where can you buy snacks and small things? {bk10-l1a-f2-04.mp3}
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: You can buy snacks and small things from a vending machine. {bk10-l1a-f2-04-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: What's a popular snack made with salt? {bk10-l1a-f2-05.mp3}
ANSWER: d
FEEDBACK: A popular snack made with salt is chips. {bk10-l1a-f2-05-fb.mp3}

# Source: ST §It's Stuck.
$DIALOGUE It's Stuck!
ID: l1-s1
INTRO: "Stick" and "stuck" — useful words for when stamps, drawers, and coins refuse to cooperate. Listen and repeat each sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat each sentence.
REPEAT

VOCAB: to stick
LINE: Be careful or the stamp will stick to your fingers. {st-page_011_001.jpg|Two sequential illustrations showing a hand wetting and applying a stamp to an envelope and then pressing down as it sticks to a finger}

VOCAB: stuck
LINE: The stamp stuck to his finger. {st-page_011_001.jpg|Two sequential illustrations showing a hand wetting and applying a stamp to an envelope and then pressing down as it sticks to a finger}

LINE: The stamp is stuck to his finger. {st-page_011_001.jpg|Two sequential illustrations showing a hand wetting and applying a stamp to an envelope and then pressing down as it sticks to a finger}

LINE: The stamp sticks to his finger. {st-page_011_001.jpg|Two sequential illustrations showing a hand wetting and applying a stamp to an envelope and then pressing down as it sticks to a finger}

LINE: I stuck the milk in the refrigerator. {st-page_011_002.jpg|An open refrigerator packed with food, drinks, and containers, showing the vegetable drawer at the bottom}

LINE: The vegetable drawer is stuck. I can't close it. {st-page_011_002.jpg|An open refrigerator packed with food, drinks, and containers, showing the vegetable drawer at the bottom}

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 3
$DIALOGUE Operating a Vending Machine
ID: 10-1a-f3
INTRO: Here's how to actually work the machine — insert your money, make a selection, and get it back when nothing comes out. Listen and repeat each sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat each word and sentence.
REPEAT

VOCAB: detergent
LINE: A detergent is a soap. {page_012_001.jpg|A woman pouring detergent into an open washing machine, arrow pointing to the detergent box labeled Ade} {bk10-l1a-f3-01.mp3}
VOCAB: washing machine
LINE: She put the detergent in the washing machine. {page_012_001.jpg|A woman pouring detergent into an open washing machine, arrow pointing to the detergent box labeled Ade} {bk10-l1a-f3-02.mp3}

VOCAB: to insert
VOCAB: opening
LINE: Insert the money in the slot. Put the money in the small opening. {page_012_002.jpg|A hand inserting a coin into a slot labeled INSERT 3 COINS and SLOT} {bk10-l1a-f3-03.mp3}
LINE: She is inserting the money into the opening for coins. {page_012_002.jpg|A hand inserting a coin into a slot labeled INSERT 3 COINS and SLOT} {bk10-l1a-f3-04.mp3}

VOCAB: selection
LINE: Make your selection or pick out a snack. {page_012_003.jpg|A vending machine panel with six numbered pull knobs (PULL KNOB 1 through 6) dispensing items like Big B Potato Chips, Eats, and Sweetness} {bk10-l1a-f3-05.mp3}
VOCAB: knob
LINE: Pull a knob for your selection. {page_012_003.jpg|A vending machine panel with six numbered pull knobs (PULL KNOB 1 through 6) dispensing items like Big B Potato Chips, Eats, and Sweetness} {bk10-l1a-f3-06.mp3}

VOCAB: to drop
LINE: The selection will drop or fall when you pull the knob. {page_013_001.jpg|A snack vending machine showing item slots with pull knobs underneath} {bk10-l1a-f3-07.mp3}
VOCAB: to lift
LINE: Lift the door and take out your selection. {page_013_001.jpg|A snack vending machine showing item slots with pull knobs underneath} {bk10-l1a-f3-08.mp3}

VOCAB: out of order
LINE: The machine was out of order. It didn't work. {page_013_002.jpg|A woman putting a coin into a vending machine with a sign reading 'OUT OF ORDER'} {bk10-l1a-f3-09.mp3}
VOCAB: to get back
LINE: When the machine is out of order, you can get your money back. {page_013_002.jpg|A woman putting a coin into a vending machine with a sign reading 'OUT OF ORDER'} {bk10-l1a-f3-10.mp3}
VOCAB: coin release
VOCAB: coin return
LINE: She turned the coin release and got her money back from the coin return cup. {page_013_002.jpg|A woman putting a coin into a vending machine with a sign reading 'OUT OF ORDER'} {bk10-l1a-f3-11.mp3}

# Source: ST §A Vending Machine (distinct items salvaged; overlapping lines dropped as a twin of LLA 1A Figure 3)
$DIALOGUE More Machine Words
ID: l1-s2-b
INTRO: A few more parts of the machine, all on the diagram: the slot, the tray, and the fancy verb "dispense". Listen and repeat.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat.
REPEAT

VOCAB: to dispense
LINE: A snack vending machine dispenses snacks. It gives you the snack you paid for. {st-page_012_001.jpg|Diagram of a snack vending machine with labels pointing to selection knobs, opening, tray, coin slot, coin return lever, and coin return or coin release cup}

VOCAB: slot
LINE: The slot is the small opening where you put your coins. {st-page_012_001.jpg|Diagram of a snack vending machine with labels pointing to selection knobs, opening, tray, coin slot, coin return lever, and coin return or coin release cup}

VOCAB: to pull
LINE: You pull the knob under the snack you want. {st-page_012_001.jpg|Diagram of a snack vending machine with labels pointing to selection knobs, opening, tray, coin slot, coin return lever, and coin return or coin release cup}

VOCAB: tray
LINE: Your snack drops into the tray at the bottom of the machine. {st-page_012_001.jpg|Diagram of a snack vending machine with labels pointing to selection knobs, opening, tray, coin slot, coin return lever, and coin return or coin release cup}

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 4
$SELECT Machine Words Check
ID: 10-1a-f4
INTRO: Time to check the machine words. Listen to each question, tap the correct answer, and repeat the correct sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the correct answer.
REPEAT

PROMPT: He picked out a candy bar. What did he do? {bk10-l1a-f4-01-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | made a selection
OPTION: b | bought a candy bar
OPTION: c | ate a candy bar
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: He picked out a candy bar. He made his selection. {bk10-l1a-f4-01-a.mp3}

PROMPT: How do you get your selection from the machine? {bk10-l1a-f4-02-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | You pick it out.
OPTION: b | You pay for it.
OPTION: c | You lift the door.
ANSWER: c
FEEDBACK: To get your selection from the machine, lift the door. {bk10-l1a-f4-02-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What is a detergent? {bk10-l1a-f4-03-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | a soup
OPTION: b | a soap
OPTION: c | a slot
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: A detergent is a soap. {bk10-l1a-f4-03-a.mp3}

PROMPT: She put the money in the slot. What did she do? {bk10-l1a-f4-04-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | She dropped it.
OPTION: b | She lifted it.
OPTION: c | She inserted it.
ANSWER: c
FEEDBACK: She put the money in the slot. She inserted her money. {bk10-l1a-f4-04-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What is another name for slot? {bk10-l1a-f4-05-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | a knob
OPTION: b | an opening
OPTION: c | a door
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: Another name for slot is opening. {bk10-l1a-f4-05-a.mp3}

PROMPT: When a machine doesn't work, what do we say? {bk10-l1a-f4-06-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | It's out of order.
OPTION: b | It's out of snacks.
OPTION: c | It's out of money.
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: When a machine doesn't work, it's out of order. {bk10-l1a-f4-06-a.mp3}

PROMPT: She used the washing machine. What did she do? {bk10-l1a-f4-07-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | washed clothes
OPTION: b | washed dishes
OPTION: c | washed her car
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: She washed her clothes in the washing machine. {bk10-l1a-f4-07-a.mp3}

PROMPT: How do you get your money back from a vending machine? {bk10-l1a-f4-08-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | Lift the door.
OPTION: b | Insert the money.
OPTION: c | Turn the coin release.
ANSWER: c
FEEDBACK: When you want to get your money back, turn the coin release. {bk10-l1a-f4-08-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Where do you get your change from? {bk10-l1a-f4-09-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | coin release
OPTION: b | coin return
OPTION: c | selection knob
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: You get your change from the coin return. {bk10-l1a-f4-09-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What do we say when something falls? {bk10-l1a-f4-10-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | It drops.
OPTION: b | It breaks.
OPTION: c | It grows.
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: When something falls, we say it drops. {bk10-l1a-f4-10-a.mp3}

# Source: ST §This Is How You Do It.
$SELECT Step by Step: Operate the Machine
ID: l1-s3
ORDER
INTRO: Put the steps for using a vending machine in the right order — money first, snack last, change at the very end.
INSTRUCTION: Put the sentences in the correct order.
OPTION: a | Wait until the coins drop.
OPTION: b | Get your selection from the tray.
OPTION: c | Insert the coins in the coin slot.
OPTION: d | Lastly, pick up the change from the coin return opening.
OPTION: e | Make your selection. Pull the knob or push a button.

TEMPLATE: How do you operate the vending machine?
ANSWER: c,a,e,b,d

# Source: ST §When the Coins Get Stuck, ...
$SELECT Step by Step: When the Coins Get Stuck
ID: l1-s4
ORDER
INTRO: This time the coins get stuck — it happens to everyone. Put all eight steps in order, from the first coin to getting your change.
INSTRUCTION: Put the steps in order for when coins get stuck.
OPTION: a | Get your change from the coin return.
OPTION: b | Insert the coins again.
OPTION: c | Get your selection from the tray.
OPTION: d | Wait until the coins drop.
OPTION: e | Turn the coin release. You'll get your money back.
OPTION: f | Make your selection and pull the knob.
OPTION: g | The coins stick (don't drop), you can't make a selection.
OPTION: h | Put your money in the coin slot.

TEMPLATE: What do you do when your coins get stuck?
ANSWER: h,g,e,b,d,f,c,a

# Source: ST §What Is Your Selection?
$DIALOGUE Which Knob? {st-page_015_001.jpg|A vending machine displaying six options with pull knobs numbered 1 to 6 below each item}
ID: l1-s6
INTRO: Two worked examples about the machine in the picture. These are just examples — there's nothing to answer, so read along and relax.
INSTRUCTION: Read the example questions and answers.

Narrator: Ted wants some potato chips. Which knob should he pull?
Narrator: He should pull knob 1.
Narrator: Sam pulled knob number 5. What was his selection?
Narrator: He selected some nuts.

$SESSION 1-2: Getting a Drink — Listening Practice

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 5
$DIALOGUE Exact Change
ID: 10-1a-f5
INTRO: In this part you'll listen to conversations at the machines and catch what people mean. Frank wants a soft drink — but this machine has one small rule. Just listen.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the dialogue.

VOCAB: soft drink
Frank: I'd like a soft drink. {bk10-l1a-f5-01.mp3}
VOCAB: exact change
Tina: Do you have the exact change? {bk10-l1a-f5-02.mp3}
Frank: No. Why do I need the exact change? {bk10-l1a-f5-03.mp3}
VOCAB: machine
Tina: Because this machine doesn't give change. {bk10-l1a-f5-04.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 6
$SELECT Questions: Exact Change
ID: 10-1a-f6
REFERENCE
INTRO: Answer three questions about Frank and Tina's conversation. Tap the correct answer, then repeat the model answer. Open the dialogue if you need it.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the correct answer.
REPEAT

PROMPT: What does Frank want? {bk10-l1a-f6-01-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | some change
OPTION: b | some water
OPTION: c | a soft drink
ANSWER: c
FEEDBACK: He wants a soft drink. {bk10-l1a-f6-01-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What does Tina say that Frank has to have? {bk10-l1a-f6-02-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | the correct drink
OPTION: b | the exact change
OPTION: c | the right machine
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: He has to have the exact change. {bk10-l1a-f6-02-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Why does he have to have the exact change? {bk10-l1a-f6-03-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | because the machine is out of order
OPTION: b | because the machine doesn't give change
OPTION: c | because the machine doesn't have drinks
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: He has to have the exact change because the machine doesn't give change. {bk10-l1a-f6-03-a.mp3}

# Source: ST §The Window Is Stuck.
$DIALOGUE The Window Is Stuck
ID: l1-s7
INTRO: Lynn and Mark can't open a window, and Frank — the man with the tools — is nowhere to be found. Listen and repeat; notice "exact", "exactly", and "finally".
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the dialogs.
REPEAT

VOCAB: to lift
Lynn: I can't get this window open, Mark. I can't lift it. Can you help me? {st-page_016_001.jpg|A man standing by a window, trying to pull it open while a woman watches him}
Mark: Sure, let me try. No, I can't open it. It's stuck. Call Frank. Maybe we can borrow his tools.

VOCAB: out of town
Lynn: He's not home. I think he went out of town for the weekend.
Mark: No, he didn't go out of town this weekend. He's leaving town next weekend.
Lynn: Then I guess he went to the store for some cigarettes. He was out of them earlier.
Mark: We'll have to wait until he comes back. His tools are in his truck.

Narrator: At the store:
Cashier: Your total is $10.56, sir.

VOCAB: exactly
Frank: Here it is. A ten-dollar bill, two quarters, a nickel and a penny. Ten fifty-six exactly.

VOCAB: exact
Cashier: Thank you, sir. We like to get the exact amount.

Narrator: Two hours later:
VOCAB: finally
Mark: I think Frank's finally back. {st-page_017_001.jpg|A man with a tool belt waving hello through an open window to Lynn and Mark standing inside}
Lynn: Oh, good, at last we can get some tools and open this window.

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 7
$DIALOGUE Operating the Machine
ID: 10-1a-f7
INTRO: Carl versus the vending machine, round one. Listen to Carl and Dora as he tries to get his drink.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the dialogue.

VOCAB: to operate
Carl: I can't operate this machine. {bk10-l1a-f7-01.mp3}
VOCAB: out of
VOCAB: diet drink
Dora: Maybe it's out of that diet drink. {bk10-l1a-f7-02.mp3}
VOCAB: stuck
Carl: I think my money is stuck. I don't think it went down. {bk10-l1a-f7-03.mp3}
VOCAB: another
Dora: Try to get another kind of soft drink. {bk10-l1a-f7-04.mp3}
VOCAB: to work
Carl: Oh, it worked this time. I guess my money didn't stick; it did drop. {bk10-l1a-f7-05.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 8
$SELECT Same Meaning
ID: 10-1a-f8
REFERENCE
INTRO: Listen to a sentence about Carl and Dora's conversation. Tap the option that means the same thing, then repeat the model answer.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the sentence that means the same.
REPEAT

PROMPT: Carl couldn't make the machine work. {bk10-l1a-f8-01-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | He couldn't operate it.
OPTION: b | He couldn't select it.
OPTION: c | He couldn't lift it.
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: He couldn't operate it. {bk10-l1a-f8-01-a.mp3}

PROMPT: The machine was out of that diet drink. {bk10-l1a-f8-02-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | It was out of order.
OPTION: b | It had a lot of that diet drink.
OPTION: c | It didn't have any of that diet drink.
ANSWER: c
FEEDBACK: It didn't have any of that diet drink. {bk10-l1a-f8-02-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Carl thinks his money is stuck. {bk10-l1a-f8-03-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | He thinks it didn't drop.
OPTION: b | He thinks it wasn't exact.
OPTION: c | He thinks it doesn't change.
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: He thinks it didn't drop. {bk10-l1a-f8-03-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Dora told him to get another kind of drink. {bk10-l1a-f8-04-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | the same kind
OPTION: b | a different kind
OPTION: c | a favorite kind
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: She told him to get a different drink. {bk10-l1a-f8-04-a.mp3}

# Source: ST §At the Mess Hall
$DIALOGUE At the Mess Hall
ID: l1-s15
INTRO: Dora said "another kind of drink" — here's how "another" and "the other" work when you're counting friends and glasses of tea. Listen and repeat.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the dialog.
REPEAT

George: I'm going to get a drink. Do you want more tea?

Carl: Yes. Could you please bring me another glass?

George: Where are your friends today?

VOCAB: other
Carl: Well, one went to the post office, another went to the commissary, another went downtown, and the other one is sick.

# Source: ST §At the Soft Drink Vending Machine
$DIALOGUE At the Soft Drink Vending Machine {st-page_020_001.jpg|A man and a woman looking at a soft drink vending machine labeled "SODA WATER" with various cans inside and a sign that says "DIET SODA SOLD OUT"}
ID: l1-s9
INTRO: Ann is thirsty and on a diet — a difficult combination when the machine is out of diet sodas. Listen and repeat the dialog.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the dialog.
REPEAT

VOCAB: soda pop
Ann: I'm thirsty. Let's get some soda pop.

Chris: Okay. There's a soft drink vending machine on the left side of the building.

VOCAB: out of order
Ann: Did they fix it? It was out of order yesterday.

Chris: It was working earlier. I got a soda from it this morning.
Chris: What kind do you want?

Ann: I want a diet drink.
Chris: A diet drink?

VOCAB: to lose
Ann: Yes. I need to lose 10 pounds.

VOCAB: no more
Chris: There are no more diet drinks in the machine.

Ann: Oh, you mean the machine is out of diet sodas.
Chris: Uh huh! Do you want something else?
Ann: No, thanks. I'll get some water.

# Source: ST §Questions: Soft Drink Machine
$PRODUCE Questions: Ann and Chris
ID: l1-s10
REFERENCE: l1-s9
INTRO: Now answer questions about Ann and Chris in complete sentences, aloud. Open the dialog if you need to check a detail.
INSTRUCTION: Answer the questions in complete sentences.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
SHOW_PROMPT
RUBRIC: Treat the model answer as the factual key; accept any phrasing or short form of the same fact. A complete sentence is preferred but a clear short answer with the right fact passes.

PROMPT: What are Ann and Chris going to get?
RESPONSE: They are going to get some soda pop.

PROMPT: Where are they going to buy their drinks?
RESPONSE: They are going to buy their drinks from a vending machine on the left side of the building.

PROMPT: When was the machine out of order?
RESPONSE: It was out of order yesterday.

PROMPT: Was the machine out of order or was it working in the morning?
RESPONSE: It was working in the morning.

PROMPT: What kind of drink does Ann want?
RESPONSE: She wants a diet drink.

PROMPT: Why didn't Ann get her soda?
RESPONSE: The machine was out of diet sodas.

# Source: ST §How Do You Want Your Coffee?
$DIALOGUE Which Button for Coffee? {st-page_021_001.jpg|A diagram of a hot drinks vending machine panel showing 5 numbered push button choices for different coffee and drink options}
ID: l1-s11
INTRO: Two more worked examples, this time at the coffee machine. Just examples — nothing to answer.
INSTRUCTION: Read the example questions and answers.

Narrator: Dorothy wants coffee with cream. Which button should she push?
Narrator: Button 3.
Narrator: Lt Ramirez pushed button 5. What is he drinking?
Narrator: He's drinking hot chocolate.

# SKIPPED (book): Listening Skill "WHAT'S IT ABOUT?" (p. 18-19) — instructor-read listening paragraphs with no printed text; convertible later.
# SKIPPED (book): "HOW DO YOU WANT YOUR COFFEE?" (p. 21) student drill — instructor-read listening cues not printed in the text; convertible later.

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 9 (paragraph 1)
$DIALOGUE The History of Vending Machines
ID: 10-1a-f9-p1
INTRO: A short history lesson: vending machines have been taking people's coins since 1880. Listen to the paragraph.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the paragraph.

LINE: People enjoy vending machines. {bk10-l1a-f9-p1-01.mp3}
LINE: In 1880, one of the first vending machines sold chewing gum. {bk10-l1a-f9-p1-02.mp3}
LINE: In 1902, some cities had rooms for vending machines only. {bk10-l1a-f9-p1-03.mp3}
LINE: These machines sold different snacks. {bk10-l1a-f9-p1-04.mp3}
LINE: Then, in 1927, machines started to sell soft drinks. {bk10-l1a-f9-p1-05.mp3}
LINE: These machines were popular in 1880, and they are popular today. {bk10-l1a-f9-p1-06.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 9 (main idea 1)
$SELECT Main Idea: History
ID: 10-1a-f9-s1
REFERENCE: 10-1a-f9-p1
INTRO: What was the whole paragraph about — not just one detail? Tap the main idea.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the main idea.

TEMPLATE: What is the main idea of the paragraph?
OPTION: a | Vending machines are in rooms.
OPTION: b | The first vending machine sold gum.
OPTION: c | Vending machines are popular machines.
ANSWER: c
FEEDBACK: Vending machines are popular machines. {bk10-l1a-f9-fb1.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 9 (paragraph 2)
$DIALOGUE Snacks Anytime
ID: 10-1a-f9-p2
INTRO: One more paragraph — why people like having a vending machine nearby, day and night. Listen.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the paragraph.

LINE: You can always eat or drink something when there's a vending machine near you. {bk10-l1a-f9-p2-01.mp3}
LINE: Many people get hungry between meals and buy snacks from vending machines. {bk10-l1a-f9-p2-02.mp3}
LINE: The machines have a big selection of things. {bk10-l1a-f9-p2-03.mp3}
LINE: People can eat snacks at any time of the day or night. {bk10-l1a-f9-p2-04.mp3}
LINE: Vending machines never close. {bk10-l1a-f9-p2-05.mp3}
LINE: It's good to have one near your home. {bk10-l1a-f9-p2-06.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 9 (main idea 2)
$SELECT Main Idea: Snacks Anytime
ID: 10-1a-f9-s2
REFERENCE: 10-1a-f9-p2
INTRO: Same job again — tap the main idea of the paragraph you just heard.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the main idea.

TEMPLATE: What is the main idea of the paragraph?
OPTION: a | It's good to have a vending machine near your home.
OPTION: b | People get hungry between meals and want snacks.
OPTION: c | Vending machines sell many different snacks and drinks.
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: It's good to have a vending machine near your home. {bk10-l1a-f9-fb2.mp3}

$SESSION 1-3: Learning and Teaching "How To"

# Source: ST §Jim Knows How to Play Tennis. (grammar table; talk-through added)
$GRAMMAR Know How To Do It
ID: l1-s18
INTRO: In this part you'll learn to talk about skills — things people know how to do, learn how to do, and teach each other how to do.

CARD: To talk about a skill, use "how to" plus a verb after verbs like "know", "learn", "forget", "remember", and "find out".
{Bill knew how to fix the car.}
{Bill forgot how to fix the car.}

CARD: With "show", "teach", and "tell", name the person who gets the skill.
{Bill showed me how to fix the car.}
{Bill taught me how to fix the car.}

CARD: With "ask", naming the person is optional.
{Bill asked me how to fix the car.}
{Bill asked how to fix the car.}

SUMMARY:
| | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bill | found out<br>forgot<br>knew<br>learned<br>remembered | | how to | fix the car. |
| Bill | showed<br>told<br>taught | me | how to | fix the car. |
| Bill | asked | (me) | how to | fix the car. |

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 10
$DIALOGUE Sentences with "How To"
ID: 10-1a-f10
INTRO: Now hear the pattern in action — "how to" after learn, teach, ask, show, and the rest. Listen and repeat each sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat each sentence.
REPEAT

LINE: Mary learned how to cook chicken. {bk10-l1a-f10-01.mp3}
LINE: Did you teach your wife how to drive? {bk10-l1a-f10-02.mp3}
LINE: Barry asked Tony how to make a cake. {bk10-l1a-f10-03.mp3}
LINE: Where did Tim learn how to operate this machine? {bk10-l1a-f10-04.mp3}
LINE: Martin didn't find out how to fix the car. {bk10-l1a-f10-05.mp3}
LINE: Who showed her how to change the tire? {bk10-l1a-f10-06.mp3}
LINE: Marge forgot how to start the machine. {bk10-l1a-f10-07.mp3}
LINE: Do you remember how to turn on that machine? {bk10-l1a-f10-08.mp3}
LINE: Please show Fran how to do the math problem. {bk10-l1a-f10-09.mp3}
LINE: Where did you learn how to use that machine? {bk10-l1a-f10-10.mp3}

# DROPPED (twin): ST §How To: Practice Sentences (l1-s19) — TTS repeat-sentence list with the same role and the same verb set as the cassette Figure 10 above; no distinct teaching content to salvage.

# Source: ST §Please Teach Me How to Operate This Machine.
$DIALOGUE Willie Learns How to Do Laundry {st-page_024_001.jpg|Two drawings showing a person being taught how to use a washing machine at a laundry room}
ID: l1-s16
INTRO: When Willie moved away from home, he discovered that clothes do not wash themselves. Read the story of how Frank taught him.
INSTRUCTION: Read the story about Willie and Frank.

VOCAB: to learn how to
Narrator: When Willie moved away from home, he had to learn how to do his laundry.

VOCAB: first time
VOCAB: to operate
VOCAB: washing machine
VOCAB: to find out
Narrator: The first time he went to the laundry room in the barracks, he didn't know how to operate a washing machine. He had to find out.

Narrator: Willie had a roommate, Frank.
LINE: Frank knew how to operate a washing machine.
LINE: Frank taught Willie.
LINE: These were his instructions:

Narrator: First, put your light clothes in one machine, and your dark clothes in another machine. They have to be in different machines.

Narrator: Next, select the correct temperature. Wash light colors in warm water and use cold water for dark colors.

VOCAB: detergent
Narrator: Put one cup of detergent in each machine.

VOCAB: quarter
Narrator: Then insert four quarters in the slots.

VOCAB: last
Narrator: Last, push the coin tray in.

Narrator: Willie found out that it was very easy to operate a washing machine. He was glad because he had to do his laundry many, many times after that.

# Source: ST §Questions: Laundry Instructions
$PRODUCE Questions: Willie's Laundry
ID: l1-s17
REFERENCE: l1-s16
INTRO: Answer questions about Willie's story aloud, in complete sentences. The story is right there if you need it.
INSTRUCTION: Answer the questions in complete sentences.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
SHOW_PROMPT
RUBRIC: Treat the model answer as the factual key; accept any phrasing or short form of the same fact.

PROMPT: What did Willie have to do when he moved away from home?
RESPONSE: He had to learn how to do his laundry.

PROMPT: What did Frank teach Willie?
RESPONSE: Frank taught Willie how to operate a washing machine.

PROMPT: Did Frank say to put dark clothes in the same machine with light clothes?
RESPONSE: No, he said to put them in different machines.

PROMPT: What is the last thing Willie has to do?
RESPONSE: He has to push the coin tray in.

PROMPT: What did Willie find out about washing clothes?
RESPONSE: He found out that it was very easy to operate a washing machine.

PROMPT: How many times did Willie have to do his laundry after that?
RESPONSE: He had to do his laundry many times after that.

# Source: LLA 1A Figure 11
$PRODUCE Answer with "How To"
ID: 10-1a-f11
INTRO: Your turn with "how to". Look at the "Yes" or "No" cue on the screen, listen to the question, then answer aloud in a complete sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Answer aloud in a complete sentence.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
REPEAT

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: (No)
PROMPT: Do you know how to operate a vending machine? {bk10-l1a-f11-ex-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: No, I don't know how to operate a vending machine. {bk10-l1a-f11-ex-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: (No)
PROMPT: Do you remember how to change a flat tire? {bk10-l1a-f11-01-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: No, I don't remember how to change a flat tire. {bk10-l1a-f11-01-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: (Yes)
PROMPT: Can you find out how to use this washing machine? {bk10-l1a-f11-02-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Yes, I can find out how to use this washing machine. {bk10-l1a-f11-02-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: (Yes)
PROMPT: Did you forget how to make the cookies? {bk10-l1a-f11-03-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Yes, I forgot how to make the cookies. {bk10-l1a-f11-03-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: (No)
PROMPT: Has Fred learned how to drive a car? {bk10-l1a-f11-04-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: No, Fred hasn't learned how to drive a car. {bk10-l1a-f11-04-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: (Yes)
PROMPT: Did Charles ask how to make a long-distance call? {bk10-l1a-f11-05-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Yes, Charles asked how to make a long-distance call. {bk10-l1a-f11-05-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: (No)
PROMPT: Can Mark show you how to play tennis? {bk10-l1a-f11-06-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: No, Mark can't show me how to play tennis. {bk10-l1a-f11-06-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: (Yes)
PROMPT: Is Mrs. Allen going to teach you how to speak English? {bk10-l1a-f11-07-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Yes, Mrs. Allen is going to teach me how to speak English. {bk10-l1a-f11-07-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: (No)
PROMPT: Did Kate tell you how to find her house? {bk10-l1a-f11-08-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: No, Kate didn't tell me how to find her house. {bk10-l1a-f11-08-a.mp3}

# Source: ST §His Father Taught Him How to Drive.
$PRODUCE Make It Negative
ID: l1-s20
INTRO: Now flip the sentences. Use the word in parentheses to say what somebody did NOT teach, show, or find out how to do.
INSTRUCTION: Use the word in parentheses to make a negative sentence.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
SHOW_PROMPT

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: Pele showed Jimmy how to play soccer. (baseball)
RESPONSE: Pele didn't show Jimmy how to play baseball.

PROMPT: Marie taught Jane how to cook. (drive)
RESPONSE: Marie didn't teach Jane how to drive.

PROMPT: Sgt Rogers showed Sgt Anderson how to repair the plane. (fly)
RESPONSE: Sgt Rogers didn't show Sgt Anderson how to fly the plane.

PROMPT: Betty found out how to lock the window. (repair)
RESPONSE: Betty didn't find out how to repair the window.

PROMPT: Lt Anderson knows how to drive. (fly)
RESPONSE: Lt Anderson doesn't know how to fly.

PROMPT: Jerome told me how to find his house. (office)
RESPONSE: Jerome didn't tell me how to find his office.

PROMPT: Captain Klein remembered how to fly the plane. (repair)
RESPONSE: Captain Klein didn't remember how to repair the plane.

PROMPT: Dennis asked Judy how to cook the chicken. (beef)
RESPONSE: Dennis didn't ask Judy how to cook the beef.

PROMPT: Tony forgot how to speak French. (Italian)
RESPONSE: Tony didn't forget how to speak Italian.

# Source: ST §I'm Not Going to Show You How.
$DIALOGUE I'll Show You How
ID: l1-s21
INTRO: Five quick exchanges about teaching and learning — including one dad who is definitely not showing anyone how to drive until they're sixteen. Listen and repeat.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the short dialogs.
REPEAT

Keith: I don't know how to operate this machine. I really want to learn how to do it.
Jack: Okay. I'll teach you how to use it.

Elaine: Dad, will you show me how to drive a car?
Dad: No. I'm not going to show you how until you're sixteen.

Max: I need to find out how to withdraw money from my savings account.
Stan: I'll tell you how to do it.

Victor: Peggy forgot how to fill out that form.
Larry: Oh, I'll show her how to do it.

John: I know how to speak French.
Harry: I would like to learn how to speak French, too.

# SKIPPED (book): "I'M NOT GOING TO SHOW YOU HOW." (p. 26) task — "answer the questions in complete sentences" but no questions are printed; dialogs retained above.

# Source: ST §I Learned How to Cook and Wash.
$PRODUCE Yes and No with "How To"
ID: l1-s22
INTRO: One more pass at "how to". Change each sentence using the cue in parentheses — "yes, and..." or "no, but...".
INSTRUCTION: Change each sentence using "how to" and the cue words.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
SHOW_PROMPT

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: Does Jim know how to play football? (yes, and soccer)
RESPONSE: Yes, Jim knows how to play football and soccer.

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: Does Jim know how to play football? (no, but soccer)
RESPONSE: No, Jim doesn't know how to play football, but he knows how to play soccer.

PROMPT: Did Fred learn how to cook? (no, but wash clothes)
RESPONSE: No, Fred didn't learn how to cook, but he learned how to wash clothes.

PROMPT: Did he show you how to fix the clock? (yes, and lamp)
RESPONSE: Yes, he showed me how to fix the clock and the lamp.

PROMPT: Did Bobby learn how to multiply? (yes, and divide)
RESPONSE: Yes, Bobby learned how to multiply and divide.

PROMPT: Did Ali teach you how to speak Arabic? (yes, and French)
RESPONSE: Yes, Ali taught me how to speak Arabic and French.

PROMPT: Did Cathy forget how to operate the recorder? (no, but the washing machine)
RESPONSE: No, Cathy didn't forget how to operate the recorder, but she forgot how to operate the washing machine.

PROMPT: Did you ask me how to spell "store"? (no, but score)
RESPONSE: No, I didn't ask you how to spell "store", but I asked you how to spell "score".

PROMPT: Does Captain Richards know how to fly a jet? (yes, and helicopter)
RESPONSE: Yes, Captain Richards knows how to fly a jet and a helicopter.

PROMPT: Did your father tell you how to start the car? (no, but wash it)
RESPONSE: No, my father didn't tell me how to start the car, but he told me how to wash it.

$SESSION 1-4: Favorite, Finally, and "No"

# Source: LLA 1B Figure 1
$DIALOGUE Favorite, Out Of, and No
ID: 10-1b-f1
INTRO: In this part you'll pick up a handful of everyday words — "favorite", "out of", "no" — and learn to say there's none of something. Listen and repeat each pair of sentences.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat each word and sentence.
REPEAT

VOCAB: favorite
LINE: I like this kind of gum better than any other kind. It's my favorite. {bk10-l1b-f1-01.mp3}

VOCAB: to work
LINE: This machine works well. It operates easily all the time. {bk10-l1b-f1-02.mp3}

VOCAB: out of
LINE: The machine was out of my favorite gum. There wasn't any left. {bk10-l1b-f1-03.mp3}

VOCAB: to stick
LINE: Stick the coin in this slot. Insert the coin here. {bk10-l1b-f1-04.mp3}

VOCAB: time
LINE: I went to the library 2 times last week. {bk10-l1b-f1-05.mp3}

VOCAB: no
LINE: The machine had no coffee. It didn't have any coffee. {bk10-l1b-f1-06.mp3}

# Source: ST §My Favorite Sport Is Soccer.
$DIALOGUE My Favorite Sport
ID: l1-s8
INTRO: Rick and Ali talk about their favorite sports — and about a game with two names. Listen and repeat.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the dialog.
REPEAT

Rick: Gary likes basketball a lot. I like football the most. What's your favorite sport?

Ali: My favorite sport is football.
VOCAB: popular
LINE: Football is very popular in my country.
VOCAB: everywhere
LINE: People play football everywhere.

Rick: Soccer, you mean.
Ali: Oh, yes, I forgot that it's called soccer in the United States.

# Source: LLA 1B Figure 2
$SELECT Choose the Right Word
ID: 10-1b-f2
INTRO: Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the word bank, then repeat the completed sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Choose the correct word or phrase from the word bank.
REPEAT

OPTION: favorite | favorite
OPTION: no | no
OPTION: out_of_it | out of it
OPTION: stick_it_in | stick it in
OPTION: time | time
OPTION: working | working

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: When you like something a lot, it's your ____.
PROMPT: When you like something a lot, it's your— {bk10-l1b-f2-ex-q.mp3}
ANSWER: favorite
FEEDBACK: When you like something a lot, it's your favorite. {bk10-l1b-f2-ex-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: When you insert a coin in the slot, you ____.
PROMPT: When you insert a coin in the slot, you— {bk10-l1b-f2-01-q.mp3}
ANSWER: stick_it_in
FEEDBACK: When you insert a coin in the slot, you stick it in. {bk10-l1b-f2-01-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: There isn't any more candy, the machine is ____.
PROMPT: There isn't any more candy. The machine is— {bk10-l1b-f2-02-q.mp3}
ANSWER: out_of_it
FEEDBACK: There isn't any more candy. The machine is out of it. {bk10-l1b-f2-02-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: The machine is operating well. It is ____.
PROMPT: The machine is operating well. It is— {bk10-l1b-f2-03-q.mp3}
ANSWER: working
FEEDBACK: The machine is operating well. It is working. {bk10-l1b-f2-03-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: That machine doesn't have any diet drinks. It has ____ diet drinks.
PROMPT: That machine doesn't have any diet drinks. It has— {bk10-l1b-f2-04-q.mp3}
ANSWER: no
FEEDBACK: That machine doesn't have any diet drinks. It has no diet drinks. {bk10-l1b-f2-04-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: Marge can't go today. She can't go this ____.
PROMPT: Marge can't go today. She can't go this— {bk10-l1b-f2-05-q.mp3}
ANSWER: time
FEEDBACK: Marge can't go today. She can't go this time. {bk10-l1b-f2-05-a.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1B Figure 3
$DIALOGUE Cream, Finally, and Lastly
ID: 10-1b-f3
INTRO: A few more useful words — "cream" for your coffee, and "finally" and "lastly" for putting things in order. Listen and repeat.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat.
REPEAT

LINE: She is out of the office for the day. She's not in the office today. {bk10-l1b-f3-01.mp3}

VOCAB: lastly
LINE: First he went to the school. Then he went to the library, and lastly he went to the barracks. {bk10-l1b-f3-02.mp3}

VOCAB: cream
LINE: Cream comes from milk. I like cream in my coffee. {bk10-l1b-f3-03.mp3}

VOCAB: finally
LINE: He tried to start the car many times. Finally, he called a mechanic. At last, he got some help. {bk10-l1b-f3-04.mp3}

LINE: The letter needs another stamp. Stick this one on the envelope, please. {bk10-l1b-f3-05.mp3}

LINE: He had no money. He didn't have any money. {bk10-l1b-f3-06.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1B Figure 4
$SELECT Similar Meanings
ID: 10-1b-f4
INTRO: Listen to each sentence, tap the option that means about the same thing, then repeat the sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the sentence with a similar meaning.
REPEAT

PROMPT: We get cream from milk. {bk10-l1b-f4-01-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | Milk comes from cream.
OPTION: b | Cream comes from milk.
OPTION: c | Put cream in your coffee.
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: Cream comes from milk. {bk10-l1b-f4-01-a.mp3}

PROMPT: He didn't have any change. {bk10-l1b-f4-02-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | He had some change.
OPTION: b | He had no change.
OPTION: c | He had any change.
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: He had no change. {bk10-l1b-f4-02-a.mp3}

PROMPT: At last the class is over. {bk10-l1b-f4-03-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | Finally, the class is over.
OPTION: b | Lastly, we go to class.
OPTION: c | Sadly the class is over.
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: Finally, the class is over. {bk10-l1b-f4-03-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Mary won't be home all day today. {bk10-l1b-f4-04-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | She'll be there for the day.
OPTION: b | She'll be in the house.
OPTION: c | She'll be out of the house.
ANSWER: c
FEEDBACK: She'll be out of the house. {bk10-l1b-f4-04-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Put another stamp on the letter. {bk10-l1b-f4-05-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | Stick it on the envelope.
OPTION: b | Stamp it on the envelope.
OPTION: c | Lift the envelope.
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: Stick it on the envelope. {bk10-l1b-f4-05-a.mp3}

PROMPT: First he called her. Then he went to see her. {bk10-l1b-f4-06-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | Last, he went to see her.
OPTION: b | First he went to see her.
OPTION: c | Then he called her.
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: Last, he went to see her. {bk10-l1b-f4-06-a.mp3}

# Source: ST §There's No Money for a New Car. (grammar tables; talk-through added)
$GRAMMAR There's No Sugar in a Diet Drink
ID: l1-s12
INTRO: How to say there's none of something at all — "no" before the noun does the job.

CARD: "No" before a noun means "not any" — none at all.
{There's no sugar in a diet drink.}
{There are no students in room C.}

CARD: Use "There's" with singular nouns and "There are" with plurals — the same way you use "a lot of", "a little", or "a few".
{There's a lot of sugar in a soda pop.}
{There are a few students in room B.}

SUMMARY:
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
| There's | a lot of | sugar | in a soda pop. |
| There's | a little | sugar | in juice. |
| There's | **no** | sugar | in a diet drink. |

| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
| There are | a lot of | students | in room A. |
| There are | a few | students | in room B. |
| There are | **no** | students | in room C. |

# Source: ST §Make a Sentence with "There is/are/was/were + no"
$PRODUCE There Is No ...
ID: l1-s13
INTRO: Use the cue on the screen to make a sentence with "There is", "There are", "There was", or "There were" plus "no". Say it aloud.
INSTRUCTION: Make a sentence with "There is/are/was/were + no".
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
SHOW_PROMPT
RUBRIC: Accept any grammatically correct sentence using "There is/are/was/were no" with the given cue; any tense and extra detail are fine. The "no + noun" structure is the point — a sentence without it fails.

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: candy bars in the vending machine
RESPONSE: There were no candy bars in the vending machine yesterday.

PROMPT: headsets in the lab
RESPONSE: There are no headsets in the lab.

PROMPT: milk in the refrigerator
RESPONSE: There is no milk in the refrigerator.

PROMPT: diet sodas
RESPONSE: There were no diet sodas in the machine.

PROMPT: phones in the building
RESPONSE: There are no phones in the building.

PROMPT: sports on TV tonight
RESPONSE: There are no sports on TV tonight.

PROMPT: shelves in the bookcase
RESPONSE: There are no shelves in the bookcase.

PROMPT: vending machines in the barracks
RESPONSE: There are no vending machines in the barracks.

PROMPT: students in the lab
RESPONSE: There are no students in the lab.

# Source: ST §I Have No More Film for My Camera.
$PRODUCE Have No ...
ID: l1-s14
INTRO: Same idea, different verb: make a sentence with "have", "has", or "had" plus "no". Say it aloud.
INSTRUCTION: Make a sentence with "have/has/had + no".
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
SHOW_PROMPT
RUBRIC: Accept any grammatically correct sentence using "have/has/had no" with the given cue; any subject and tense are fine. The "no + noun" structure is the point — a sentence without it fails.

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: more time for TV
RESPONSE: The children have no more time for TV on school nights.

PROMPT: new winter clothes
RESPONSE: I have no new winter clothes.

PROMPT: more change for the vending machine
RESPONSE: He has no more change for the vending machine.

PROMPT: money for a new car
RESPONSE: They have no money for a new car.

PROMPT: friends in this city
RESPONSE: She has no friends in this city.

PROMPT: time for a movie
RESPONSE: We have no time for a movie.

PROMPT: more film for my camera
RESPONSE: I have no more film for my camera.

PROMPT: identification
RESPONSE: He had no identification.

PROMPT: more checks in her checkbook
RESPONSE: She has no more checks in her checkbook.

$SESSION 1-5: Longer Sentences and Machine Conversations

# Source: LLA 1B Figure 5
$PRODUCE Make a Long Sentence
ID: 10-1b-f5
INTRO: In this part you'll stretch sentences and follow real machine conversations. Read the sentence on the screen, listen to the extra phrase, then say the whole expanded sentence aloud.
INSTRUCTION: Say the combined sentence aloud.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
REPEAT

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: George lifted the door of the vending machine.
PROMPT: For his selection. {bk10-l1b-f5-ex-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: George lifted the door of the vending machine for his selection. {bk10-l1b-f5-ex-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: Sally bought a new dress.
PROMPT: With pockets. {bk10-l1b-f5-01-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Sally bought a new dress with big pockets. {bk10-l1b-f5-01-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: Frank had an accident.
PROMPT: In his friend's car. {bk10-l1b-f5-02-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Frank had an accident in his friend's car. {bk10-l1b-f5-02-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: Jan pulled the knob on the machine.
PROMPT: For some coffee with cream. {bk10-l1b-f5-03-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Jan pulled the knob on the machine for some coffee with cream. {bk10-l1b-f5-03-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: Hal didn't want to go out for dinner.
PROMPT: Without money. {bk10-l1b-f5-04-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Hal didn't want to go out for dinner without money. {bk10-l1b-f5-04-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: Ted watched his favorite show.
PROMPT: On TV last night. {bk10-l1b-f5-05-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Ted watched his favorite show on TV last night. {bk10-l1b-f5-05-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: Ali left his books.
PROMPT: In the classroom. {bk10-l1b-f5-06-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Ali left his books in the classroom. {bk10-l1b-f5-06-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: Bill taught John how to change the tire.
PROMPT: On the truck. {bk10-l1b-f5-07-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Bill taught John how to change the tire on the truck. {bk10-l1b-f5-07-a.mp3}

# Source: ST §Combining Sentences: Phrases
$PRODUCE Combine with a Phrase
ID: l1-s23
INTRO: Now do the combining yourself: turn the two sentences on the screen into one sentence with a phrase, and say it aloud.
INSTRUCTION: Combine the two sentences into one sentence with a phrase.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: Treat the model as the target: accept any single grammatical sentence that combines both facts into one clause with a phrase (for/with/on/at...). Two separate clauses joined by "and" fail.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: Tom dropped two quarters in the slot. He wanted a soda water.
RESPONSE: Tom dropped two quarters in the slot for a soda water.

TEMPLATE: Bob used the vending machine. He used his last quarter.
RESPONSE: Bob used the vending machine with his last quarter.

TEMPLATE: Ned is arriving at two o'clock. Ned is arriving on Tuesday.
RESPONSE: Ned is arriving at two o'clock on Tuesday.

TEMPLATE: Sally wants to go on a trip. She wants Jan to go with her.
RESPONSE: Sally wants to go on a trip with Jan.

TEMPLATE: Mark went to the drugstore. He got some medicine.
RESPONSE: Mark went to the drugstore for some medicine.

TEMPLATE: I have a glass of tea every day. I put sugar in it.
RESPONSE: I have a glass of tea with sugar every day.

TEMPLATE: Harry bought a new suit. It has two pairs of pants.
RESPONSE: Harry bought a new suit with two pairs of pants.

TEMPLATE: My favorite restaurant is downtown. It is on the river.
RESPONSE: My favorite restaurant is downtown on the river.

TEMPLATE: That restaurant has good soup. They serve hot bread with it.
RESPONSE: That restaurant has good soup with hot bread.

# Source: LLA 1B Figure 6 (dialogue)
$DIALOGUE How to Work the Machine
ID: 10-1b-f6-dialogue
INTRO: A stranger, a machine, and a polite question — listen to how she asks for help operating the vending machine.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the dialogue.

Woman: Excuse me, sir, can you tell me how to work this machine? {bk10-l1b-f6-01.mp3}
Man: Sure. Insert the exact change in the slot, then pull the knob for your selection. {bk10-l1b-f6-02.mp3}
Woman: Do I have to use the exact change? {bk10-l1b-f6-03.mp3}
Man: Yes. This machine doesn't give change. {bk10-l1b-f6-04.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1B Figure 6 (questions)
$SELECT Questions: Working the Machine
ID: 10-1b-f6
REFERENCE
INTRO: Now answer questions about that conversation. Tap the correct answer, then repeat it.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the correct answer.
REPEAT

PROMPT: What did the woman ask? {bk10-l1b-f6-05-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | when the machine works
OPTION: b | how to work the machine
OPTION: c | about the kind of machine
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: She asked how to work the machine. {bk10-l1b-f6-05-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What did the man tell her to do first? {bk10-l1b-f6-06-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | insert the money
OPTION: b | lift the door
OPTION: c | push the coin release
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: He told her to insert the money first. {bk10-l1b-f6-06-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Which knob did the man tell her to pull? {bk10-l1b-f6-07-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | his favorite knob
OPTION: b | the selection knob
OPTION: c | the coin release knob
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: He told her to pull the selection knob. {bk10-l1b-f6-07-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What must the woman do? {bk10-l1b-f6-08-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | use exact change
OPTION: b | get more change
OPTION: c | turn the knobs again
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: She must use exact change. {bk10-l1b-f6-08-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Does the machine give change? {bk10-l1b-f6-09-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | Sometimes it does.
OPTION: b | Yes, it will.
OPTION: c | No, it doesn't.
ANSWER: c
FEEDBACK: No, it doesn't. {bk10-l1b-f6-09-a.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1B Figure 7 (dialogue)
$DIALOGUE The Missing Diet Drink
ID: 10-1b-f7-dialogue
INTRO: The machine took his money and gave him nothing back. Listen to what the woman tells him to do.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the dialogue.

Man1: Excuse me. I put some money in this vending machine, but the diet drink didn't come out. Is it out of order, or out of diet drink? {bk10-l1b-f7-01.mp3}
Woman1: I don't think it's out of order. I bought a soft drink a few minutes ago. Maybe the coins are stuck. {bk10-l1b-f7-02.mp3}
Man1: What should I do? {bk10-l1b-f7-03.mp3}
Woman1: Push the coin release. You'll get your money back, or you can make another selection. {bk10-l1b-f7-04.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1B Figure 7 (questions)
$SELECT Questions: Stuck Coins
ID: 10-1b-f7
REFERENCE
INTRO: Three questions about that conversation. Tap the correct answer, then repeat it.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the correct answer.
REPEAT

PROMPT: What did the man want from the vending machine? {bk10-l1b-f7-05-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | a candy bar
OPTION: b | a soda pop
OPTION: c | a diet drink
ANSWER: c
FEEDBACK: He wanted a diet drink. {bk10-l1b-f7-05-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What did the woman think about the machine? {bk10-l1b-f7-06-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | It was broken.
OPTION: b | It was out of sodas.
OPTION: c | The coins were stuck.
ANSWER: c
FEEDBACK: She thought the coins were stuck. {bk10-l1b-f7-06-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What did she tell him to do? {bk10-l1b-f7-07-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | Find another machine and use it.
OPTION: b | Put in more coins.
OPTION: c | Push the coin release.
ANSWER: c
FEEDBACK: She told him to push the coin release. {bk10-l1b-f7-07-a.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1B Figure 8 (passage)
$DIALOGUE Ned's Morning Coffee
ID: 10-1b-f8-story
INTRO: Ned versus the coffee machine — a tragedy in eleven sentences. Listen to what happened to his morning.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the story.

LINE: Ned wanted some coffee. {bk10-l1b-f8-01.mp3}
LINE: He went to his favorite vending machine. {bk10-l1b-f8-02.mp3}
LINE: This machine always worked and was never out of coffee. {bk10-l1b-f8-03.mp3}
LINE: Ned stuck a coin in the slot, but the machine didn't work. {bk10-l1b-f8-04.mp3}
LINE: "No coffee! I can't go out and get coffee right now because I can't be out of my office at this time." {bk10-l1b-f8-05.mp3}
LINE: "I guess I'll try it again before I try another machine." {bk10-l1b-f8-06.mp3}
LINE: He inserted another coin and pulled the knobs, first for black coffee, then for coffee with cream, and lastly, coffee with cream and sugar. {bk10-l1b-f8-07.mp3}
LINE: They didn't work. {bk10-l1b-f8-08.mp3}
LINE: Finally, after he tried many times, Ned wrote "out of order" on a piece of paper and stuck it to the machine. {bk10-l1b-f8-09.mp3}
LINE: He didn't get any coffee until he went to lunch because he had no more change. {bk10-l1b-f8-10.mp3}
LINE: Ned felt awful all day because he didn't have his morning coffee. {bk10-l1b-f8-11.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1B Figure 8 (questions)
$PRODUCE Questions: Ned's Story
ID: 10-1b-f8
REFERENCE
INTRO: Answer each question about Ned's story aloud in a full sentence, then repeat the model answer. Open the story if you need it.
INSTRUCTION: Answer the question aloud.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
REPEAT

PROMPT: Where did Ned go to get his coffee? {bk10-l1b-f8-12-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: He went to his favorite vending machine. {bk10-l1b-f8-12-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Why was that his favorite vending machine? {bk10-l1b-f8-13-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Because it always worked and was never out of coffee. {bk10-l1b-f8-13-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Why can't he go out and get coffee? {bk10-l1b-f8-14-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Because he can't be out of his office at this time. {bk10-l1b-f8-14-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What did Ned write on a piece of paper? {bk10-l1b-f8-15-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: He wrote "Out of Order" on it. {bk10-l1b-f8-15-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What did he do with the paper? {bk10-l1b-f8-16-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: He stuck it to the vending machine. {bk10-l1b-f8-16-a.mp3}

$SESSION 1-6: When, While, Before, After, Until

# Source: LLA 1C Figure 1
$DIALOGUE Time for Coffee
ID: 10-1c-f1
INTRO: In this part you'll learn to connect two events in one sentence — before the bell rings, while you drink, until you finish. First, listen to Peggy and Peter at the coffee machine, and repeat each line.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat each line.
REPEAT

Peggy: Do we have time for coffee before the bell rings? {page_021_001.jpg|A young man and woman talking in front of school lockers next to a hot drinks vending machine} {bk10-l1c-f1-01.mp3}
Peter: Yes, I think we have time for a cup before it rings. {page_021_001.jpg|A young man and woman talking in front of school lockers next to a hot drinks vending machine} {bk10-l1c-f1-02.mp3}
Peggy: Will you hold my books while I get it? {page_021_001.jpg|A young man and woman talking in front of school lockers next to a hot drinks vending machine} {bk10-l1c-f1-03.mp3}
Peter: Sure. I don't want any, but I'll wait until you get yours. {page_021_001.jpg|A young man and woman talking in front of school lockers next to a hot drinks vending machine} {bk10-l1c-f1-04.mp3}
Peggy: Will you wait with me while I drink it? {page_021_001.jpg|A young man and woman talking in front of school lockers next to a hot drinks vending machine} {bk10-l1c-f1-05.mp3}
Peter: Yes, we're early. I can wait until you finish it. {page_021_001.jpg|A young man and woman talking in front of school lockers next to a hot drinks vending machine} {bk10-l1c-f1-06.mp3}

# Source: ST §Adverb Clauses of Time (grammar table; talk-through added)
$GRAMMAR When, While, After, Before, Until
ID: l1-s24
INTRO: Five little words that put two events on one timeline. Here's what each one does.

CARD: A time clause tells when something happens. "While" means during the same time.
{Jerry listens to the radio while he studies.}

CARD: "When" points to the moment; "after" and "before" put the events in order.
{Bonnie saw the new sofa when she came in.}
{Major Sims will write to us after he arrives home.}
{James was watching TV before his brother called.}

CARD: "Until" means up to that time — and not after it.
{Fran can't buy a new car until she saves some money.}

SUMMARY:
| | | |
|---|---|---|
| Jerry listens to the radio | **while** | he studies. |
| Bonnie saw the new sofa | **when** | she came in. |
| Major Sims will write to us | **after** | he arrives home. |
| James was watching TV | **before** | his brother called. |
| Fran can't buy a new car | **until** | she saves some money. |

# Source: ST §Time Clauses: Practice Sentences
$DIALOGUE Time Clauses in Sentences
ID: l1-s25
INTRO: Hear the five time words at work in everyday sentences. Listen and repeat each one.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat each sentence.
REPEAT

LINE: Greg exercised until they closed the gym.
LINE: Will you mail this letter before you leave the office?
LINE: Lt Martin went to the drugstore after he left the dispensary.
LINE: Johnny always eats while he cooks.
LINE: After Kathy finished her homework, she went to the movie.
LINE: Robert can't send the package until he finds out the new address.
LINE: Does Captain Reyes always work out before he swims?
LINE: Richard will learn Arabic when he goes to Yemen.
LINE: When Diane saw Mike, he was driving his new car.
LINE: Barbara listens to music while she exercises.

# Source: LLA 1C Figure 2
$SELECT Finish the Sentence
ID: 10-1c-f2
INTRO: Which time clause fits? Listen to the first part of each sentence, tap the phrase that completes it, then repeat the full sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the correct phrase.
REPEAT

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: They ate at the restaurant. {bk10-l1c-f2-ex.mp3}
OPTION: a | until they saw the movie
OPTION: b | after they saw the movie
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: They ate at the restaurant after they saw the movie. {bk10-l1c-f2-ex-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: I was very thirsty. {bk10-l1c-f2-01.mp3}
OPTION: a | before I drank the soda
OPTION: b | before I didn't drink the soda
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: I was very thirsty before I drank the soda. {bk10-l1c-f2-01-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: Fran was talking to us. {bk10-l1c-f2-02.mp3}
OPTION: a | when we ate lunch
OPTION: b | while we were eating lunch
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: Fran was talking to us while we were eating lunch. {bk10-l1c-f2-02-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: He inserted the coins. {bk10-l1c-f2-03.mp3}
OPTION: a | before he pulled the knob
OPTION: b | until he pulled the knob
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: He inserted the coins before he pulled the knob. {bk10-l1c-f2-03-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: Ted ate the chips. {bk10-l1c-f2-04.mp3}
OPTION: a | until he drank the soda pop
OPTION: b | after he drank the soda pop
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: Ted ate the chips after he drank the soda pop. {bk10-l1c-f2-04-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: I inserted coins. {bk10-l1c-f2-05.mp3}
OPTION: a | when the machine worked
OPTION: b | until the machine started to work
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: I inserted coins until the machine started to work. {bk10-l1c-f2-05-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: Bill drank coffee. {bk10-l1c-f2-06.mp3}
OPTION: a | before the bell rang
OPTION: b | when the bell rang
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: Bill drank coffee before the bell rang. {bk10-l1c-f2-06-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: Her selection dropped. {bk10-l1c-f2-07.mp3}
OPTION: a | until she pulled the knob
OPTION: b | when she pulled the knob
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: Her selection dropped when she pulled the knob. {bk10-l1c-f2-07-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: They went to a movie. {bk10-l1c-f2-08.mp3}
OPTION: a | after they did their homework
OPTION: b | until they did their homework
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: They went to a movie after they did their homework. {bk10-l1c-f2-08-fb.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1C Figure 3
$PRODUCE Combine the Sentences
ID: 10-1c-f3
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
INTRO: Read the two sentences on the screen, listen to the connecting word, and say the two sentences as one. Then repeat the correct version.
INSTRUCTION: Say the combined sentence aloud.
REPEAT

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: Were you next to the vending machine? / It fell.
PROMPT: when {bk10-l1c-f3-ex-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Were you next to the vending machine when it fell? {bk10-l1c-f3-ex-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: He ate a candy bar. / She drank a diet soda.
PROMPT: while {bk10-l1c-f3-01-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: He ate a candy bar while she drank a diet soda. {bk10-l1c-f3-01-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: You insert the coins. / You lift the door.
PROMPT: before {bk10-l1c-f3-02-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: You insert the coins before you lift the door. {bk10-l1c-f3-02-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: The selection will drop. / You insert the money.
PROMPT: after {bk10-l1c-f3-03-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: The selection will drop after you insert the money. {bk10-l1c-f3-03-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: Don't add the detergent. / You put the clothes in the washing machine.
PROMPT: until {bk10-l1c-f3-04-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Don't add the detergent until you put the clothes in the washing machine. {bk10-l1c-f3-04-a.mp3}

TEMPLATE: Bill was in the shower. / The telephone rang.
PROMPT: when {bk10-l1c-f3-05-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Bill was in the shower when the telephone rang. {bk10-l1c-f3-05-a.mp3}

# Source: ST §It's the Same, but Different.
$PRODUCE Turn the Sentence Around
ID: l1-s26
INTRO: A time clause can go first or last — the meaning stays the same. Read each sentence, then say it with the clauses in the other order.
INSTRUCTION: Say the sentence with the clause order changed.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal

TEMPLATE: Phil was asleep when Allan arrived.
RESPONSE: When Allan arrived, Phil was asleep.

TEMPLATE: I didn't know it was raining until I saw the water.
RESPONSE: Until I saw the water, I didn't know it was raining.

TEMPLATE: Before I exercise, I always warm up.
RESPONSE: I always warm up before I exercise.

TEMPLATE: I remembered the answer after I finished the test.
RESPONSE: After I finished the test, I remembered the answer.

TEMPLATE: While I was studying, the lights went out.
RESPONSE: The lights went out while I was studying.

# Source: ST §He Exercises Before He Swims.
$PRODUCE Join the Sentences
ID: l1-s27
INTRO: Combine the two sentences using the time word in parentheses, and say the new sentence aloud. Either clause can come first.
INSTRUCTION: Combine the two sentences using the word in parentheses.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: The time conjunction in parentheses must join the two clauses — that's the point. Accept either clause order ("Main clause + conjunction + time clause" or "Conjunction + time clause, main clause").

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: Bobby brushes his teeth. He eats breakfast. (after)
RESPONSE: Bobby brushes his teeth after he eats breakfast.

TEMPLATE: Jeff ate breakfast. He walked to school. (before)
RESPONSE: Jeff ate breakfast before he walked to school.

TEMPLATE: The soccer game is over. John is going to leave. (when)
RESPONSE: When the soccer game is over, John is going to leave.

TEMPLATE: Captain Lewis can't leave. Captain Rice arrives. (until)
RESPONSE: Captain Lewis can't leave until Captain Rice arrives.

TEMPLATE: Charles listens to music. He drives to work. (while)
RESPONSE: Charles listens to music while he drives to work.

TEMPLATE: John gets up. He takes a shower. (after)
RESPONSE: After John gets up, he takes a shower.

TEMPLATE: She went shopping. Sharon cashed a check. (before)
RESPONSE: Sharon cashed a check before she went shopping.

TEMPLATE: He left the dining hall. Where did Sgt Dole go? (after)
RESPONSE: Where did Sgt Dole go after he left the dining hall?

TEMPLATE: You came in the back door. Did you see Col Watkins? (when)
RESPONSE: Did you see Col Watkins when you came in the back door?

TEMPLATE: Ms. Mill won't leave. Her last customer leaves at 9:30. (until)
RESPONSE: Ms. Mill won't leave until her last customer leaves at 9:30.

TEMPLATE: Pvt Williams can't mail the letter. The Major signs it in the morning. (until)
RESPONSE: Pvt Williams can't mail the letter until the Major signs it in the morning.

# Source: ST §No, I Didn't See Him When I Came In.
$PRODUCE Answer with a Time Clause
ID: l1-s28
INTRO: Answer each question in a complete sentence, using the cue in parentheses. Keep the time clause in your answer.
INSTRUCTION: Answer each question in a complete sentence using the cue.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
SHOW_PROMPT

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: Did you see Harvey when you came in? (no, Mike)
RESPONSE: No, I saw Mike when I came in.

PROMPT: Does Teddy read while he watches TV? (yes)
RESPONSE: Yes, Teddy reads while he watches TV.

PROMPT: Did John go to the BX after he finished lunch? (no, commissary)
RESPONSE: No, he went to the commissary after he finished lunch.

PROMPT: Does Scott pick you up before he picks up his brother? (no, after)
RESPONSE: No, he picks me up after he picks up his brother.

PROMPT: Did Lt Carson lock the door before she left? (yes)
RESPONSE: Yes, Lt Carson locked the door before she left.

PROMPT: Did you read the paper while you were waiting? (no, a book)
RESPONSE: No, I read a book while I was waiting.

PROMPT: Did Sara call her sister when she arrived at the hotel? (no, brother)
RESPONSE: No, she called her brother when she arrived at the hotel.

PROMPT: Does your wife stay awake until you get home? (yes)
RESPONSE: Yes, my wife stays awake until I get home.

PROMPT: Did Judy go to the store after she left my house? (no, the library)
RESPONSE: No, she went to the library after she left your house.

# Source: ST §Ask a Question
$PRODUCE Ask the Question
ID: l1-s29
INTRO: Now go the other way: read the sentence and ask a question about the underlined part. Say your question aloud.
INSTRUCTION: Ask a question about the underlined words.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: Accept any grammatically correct question that asks about the underlined information (the model shows one good form). A question targeting different information fails.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: Michael saw Captain Jackson *while he was working*.
RESPONSE: When did Michael see Captain Jackson?

TEMPLATE: Rick *eats* while he watches football.
RESPONSE: What does Rick do while he watches football?

TEMPLATE: Sgt Peterson can't leave *until Captain Lawrence calls*.
RESPONSE: How long can't Sgt Peterson leave?

TEMPLATE: Major Brooks will go to *the commissary* after he picks up his wife.
RESPONSE: Where will Major Brooks go after he picks up his wife?

TEMPLATE: Sgt Robinson will go to the barracks *after he gets a haircut*.
RESPONSE: When will Sgt Robinson go to the barracks?

TEMPLATE: George goes *to the gym* before he goes home.
RESPONSE: Where does George go before he goes home?

TEMPLATE: Margaret *shampoos her hair* after she swims.
RESPONSE: What does Margaret do after she swims?

TEMPLATE: Ester *was swimming* when Fernando called.
RESPONSE: What was Ester doing when Fernando called?

TEMPLATE: Captain Gentry went *to the BX* before he went to his office.
RESPONSE: Where did Captain Gentry go before he went to his office?

# Source: ST §When He Comes Home, ...
$DIALOGUE Daily Routines
ID: l1-s30
INTRO: Keith's evenings never change; Ms. Adams's mornings never repeat. Read their routines and notice the time clauses holding everything together.
INSTRUCTION: Read about Keith's and Ms. Adams's daily routines.

Narrator: Keith does the same thing when he comes home in the evenings.
Narrator: He picks up the mail before he goes into the house.
Narrator: He doesn't open it until he changes his clothes.
Narrator: He reads the mail before he turns on the TV.
Narrator: When he finishes with the mail, he cooks his dinner.
Narrator: Then he eats his dinner while he watches TV.

Narrator: Ms. Adams has a different schedule every morning.
Narrator: On Monday, she reads the newspaper after she eats breakfast.
Narrator: On Tuesday, she runs before she eats breakfast.
Narrator: On Wednesday, she eats her breakfast while she's washing the clothes.
Narrator: On Thursday, she doesn't eat breakfast. She studies in the library until she goes to lunch with her friend.
Narrator: On Friday, she goes downtown after she gets up, and has breakfast at a cafe.

$SESSION 1-7: First, Next, Finally

# Source: LLA 1C Figure 4 (word groups)
$DIALOGUE Words That Put Things in Order
ID: 10-1c-f4-words
INTRO: In this part you'll learn the words that keep a story in order — "first", "next", "then", "finally". Listen and repeat each group; you'll hear them all in the two stories that follow.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the words.
REPEAT

LINE: After. After that. Finally. {bk10-l1c-f4-w1.mp3}
LINE: First. {bk10-l1c-f4-w2.mp3}
LINE: Last. At last. Lastly. {bk10-l1c-f4-w3.mp3}
LINE: Next. Second. Then. {bk10-l1c-f4-w4.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1C Figure 4 (paragraph 1)
$DIALOGUE Gina's Roller Cola
ID: 10-1c-f4-p1-listen
INTRO: Gina wants one cola and gets two — a rare vending machine victory. Listen to the story and notice the sequence words.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the story.

LINE: Gina wanted to get a roller cola from a vending machine. {bk10-l1c-f4-p1-01.mp3}
LINE: First, she inserted the coins in the slot. {bk10-l1c-f4-p1-02.mp3}
LINE: Second, she pushed the button of her selection, but the roller cola didn't drop. {bk10-l1c-f4-p1-03.mp3}
LINE: Next, she pushed the coin return three times. {bk10-l1c-f4-p1-04.mp3}
LINE: Finally, the roller cola dropped, but another can of soda fell too. {bk10-l1c-f4-p1-05.mp3}
LINE: At first Gina thought, "What should I do with it?" Then she saw a friend. {bk10-l1c-f4-p1-06.mp3}
LINE: She gave him the other soda. {bk10-l1c-f4-p1-07.mp3}
LINE: After that, Gina went to class. {bk10-l1c-f4-p1-08.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1C Figure 4 (paragraph 1 questions)
$SELECT Sequence Words: Gina's Story
ID: 10-1c-f4-p1
REFERENCE: 10-1c-f4-p1-listen
INTRO: Which sequence word started each step of Gina's story? Tap it — and open the story again if a step escapes you.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the correct connective word.

OPTION: first | first
OPTION: second | second
OPTION: next | next
OPTION: finally | finally
OPTION: at_first | at first
OPTION: then | then
OPTION: after_that | after that
OPTION: last | last
OPTION: at_last | at last
OPTION: lastly | lastly

TEMPLATE: ____, she inserted the coins in the slot.
ANSWER: first

TEMPLATE: ____, she pushed the button of her selection, but the roller cola didn't drop.
ANSWER: second

TEMPLATE: ____, she pushed the coin return 3 times.
ANSWER: next

TEMPLATE: ____, the roller cola dropped, but another can of soda fell too.
ANSWER: finally

TEMPLATE: ____ Gina thought, "What should I do with it?"
ANSWER: at_first

TEMPLATE: ____ she saw a friend.
ANSWER: then

TEMPLATE: ____, Gina went to class.
ANSWER: after_that

# Source: LLA 1C Figure 4 (paragraph 2)
$DIALOGUE Bill Washes His Clothes
ID: 10-1c-f4-p2-listen
INTRO: Bill does his laundry, step by step — the sequence words do the counting. Listen to the story.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the story.

LINE: Bill had to wash his clothes. {bk10-l1c-f4-p2-01.mp3}
LINE: First, he found an empty washing machine. {bk10-l1c-f4-p2-02.mp3}
LINE: Then he put in his clothes. {bk10-l1c-f4-p2-03.mp3}
LINE: Next, he put in the detergent. {bk10-l1c-f4-p2-04.mp3}
LINE: Last, he closed the machine and inserted the coins. {bk10-l1c-f4-p2-05.mp3}
LINE: After that, he just waited. {bk10-l1c-f4-p2-06.mp3}
LINE: Finally, the machine stopped. {bk10-l1c-f4-p2-07.mp3}
LINE: At last he had some clean clothes. {bk10-l1c-f4-p2-08.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1C Figure 4 (paragraph 2 questions)
$SELECT Sequence Words: Bill's Laundry
ID: 10-1c-f4-p2
REFERENCE: 10-1c-f4-p2-listen
INTRO: Same task for Bill's laundry routine — tap the sequence word for each step.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the correct connective word.

OPTION: first | first
OPTION: then | then
OPTION: next | next
OPTION: last | last
OPTION: after_that | after that
OPTION: finally | finally
OPTION: at_last | at last
OPTION: second | second
OPTION: at_first | at first
OPTION: lastly | lastly

TEMPLATE: ____, he found an empty washing machine.
ANSWER: first

TEMPLATE: ____ he put in his clothes.
ANSWER: then

TEMPLATE: ____, he put in the detergent.
ANSWER: next

TEMPLATE: ____, he closed the machine and inserted the coins.
ANSWER: last

TEMPLATE: ____, he just waited.
ANSWER: after_that

TEMPLATE: ____, the machine stopped.
ANSWER: finally

TEMPLATE: ____ he had some clean clothes.
ANSWER: at_last

# Source: ST §Let Me Show You How to Do It!
$DIALOGUE Let Me Show You How to Do It
ID: l1-s37
INTRO: One last walkthrough at the snack machine, one picture per step. Listen and repeat each instruction.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the instructions.
REPEAT

LINE: Let me show you how to do it. {st-page_048_001.jpg|A man in uniform pointing to a vending machine while explaining to another man}
LINE: First, get some change. {st-page_048_002.jpg|A man looking at a bag of potato chips inside a display counter with another man holding change}
LINE: Then insert the money in the slot. {st-page_048_003.jpg|A man inserting a coin into the coin slot of a vending machine}
LINE: Next, make your selection. Push the button. {st-page_048_004.jpg|A man pressing a button on a vending machine display}
LINE: Your selection will drop to the tray. {st-page_048_005.jpg|A bag of potato chips dropping down into the tray of the vending machine}
LINE: And last, take your selection from the machine. {st-page_048_006.jpg|A man taking his bag of potato chips out of the machine tray and talking to his friend}

# SKIPPED (book): Listening Skill "FIRST, NEXT, THEN" (p. 34-35) — instructor-read paragraphs for transitional words; convertible later.
# SKIPPED (book): "NOW YOU DO IT!" (p. 47) — open oral classroom presentation topics.

$SESSION 1-8: Can You Tell Me How?

# Source: ST §Can You Tell Me ...?
$DIALOGUE Asking How: Useful Sentences {st-page_036_001.jpg|People in a room using various vending machines labeled CANDY, SANDWICH, Coffee, and SOFT DRINKS; a military officer is demonstrating to another man how to use the coffee vending machine}
ID: l1-s31
INTRO: In this part you'll practice the conversations themselves — asking how a machine works and explaining it to someone else. Start with the key sentences: listen and repeat.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat each sentence.
REPEAT

LINE: Can you tell me how to use this machine?
LINE: Sure. Just put the money in the slot.
LINE: Wait until it drops. Then lift this door.
LINE: Make your selection.
LINE: How do you use this machine?
LINE: You're supposed to put your money in first. Then pull the knob.
LINE: Do you know how to operate this?
LINE: Push the button.
LINE: Do you know how this machine works?
LINE: Show me how this works, please.

# Source: LLA 1C Figure 5
$DIALOGUE How to Use the Machine
ID: 10-1c-f5
INTRO: Hank has never met this soda machine before; Pete talks him through it. Listen and repeat each line.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat each line.
REPEAT

Hank: Excuse me. Can you tell me how to use this machine? {page_024_001.jpg|Hank asking Pete how to use a soft drinks vending machine} {bk10-l1c-f5-01.mp3}
Pete: Sure. Put the money in the slot. Make your selection and pull the knob. {page_024_001.jpg|Hank asking Pete how to use a soft drinks vending machine} {bk10-l1c-f5-02.mp3}
Hank: Do I get the soda then? {page_024_001.jpg|Hank asking Pete how to use a soft drinks vending machine} {bk10-l1c-f5-03.mp3}
Pete: Yes. It will drop right here. Lift this door and get your drink. {page_024_001.jpg|Hank asking Pete how to use a soft drinks vending machine} {bk10-l1c-f5-04.mp3}
Hank: Thanks for your help. {page_024_001.jpg|Hank asking Pete how to use a soft drinks vending machine} {bk10-l1c-f5-05.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1C Figure 5 (role-play)
$DIALOGUE Take Pete's Part
ID: 10-1c-f5-role-pete
REFERENCE: 10-1c-f5
PLAY_ROLE: Pete
INTRO: Same conversation, but now you're the expert. You are Pete — explain how to use the machine in the pauses.

# Source: LLA 1C Figure 6
$DIALOGUE The Stamp Machine
ID: 10-1c-f6
INTRO: Now a stamp machine — and this one, generously, gives change. Listen to Eric and Adam and repeat each line.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat each line.
REPEAT

Eric: Will you please show me how this machine works? I need some stamps. {page_024_002.jpg|Eric asking Adam how to use a postal stamp machine} {bk10-l1c-f6-01.mp3}
Adam: Of course. Put your money in this slot. Push this button and pull the stamps out right here. {page_024_002.jpg|Eric asking Adam how to use a postal stamp machine} {bk10-l1c-f6-02.mp3}
Eric: Will the machine give me change? {page_024_002.jpg|Eric asking Adam how to use a postal stamp machine} {bk10-l1c-f6-03.mp3}
Adam: Yes, it will. {page_024_002.jpg|Eric asking Adam how to use a postal stamp machine} {bk10-l1c-f6-04.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1C Figure 6 (role-play)
$DIALOGUE Take Eric's Part
ID: 10-1c-f6-role-eric
REFERENCE: 10-1c-f6
PLAY_ROLE: Eric
INTRO: Now change roles. You are Eric — ask Adam how the stamp machine works.

# Source: LLA 1C Figure 7 (dialogue 1)
$DIALOGUE Candy Machine
ID: 10-1c-f7-d1
INTRO: Brad wants a candy bar and Carl knows the machine's one golden rule. Listen to their conversation.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the dialogue.

Brad: I want a candy bar, Carl. Do you know how to work this vending machine? {bk10-l1c-f7-d1-01.mp3}
Carl: Yes, Brad. Insert your coins here, make your selection, and then push that button. {bk10-l1c-f7-d1-02.mp3}
LINE: Be sure the coins drop before you push the button. {bk10-l1c-f7-d1-03.mp3}
Brad: I was doing it wrong. I pushed the button before the coins dropped. {bk10-l1c-f7-d1-04.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1C Figure 7 (questions on dialogue 1)
$PRODUCE Questions: Candy Machine
ID: 10-1c-f7-q1
REFERENCE: 10-1c-f7-d1
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
INTRO: Two quick questions about Brad and Carl. Answer aloud, then repeat the model answer.
INSTRUCTION: Answer aloud in a complete sentence.
REPEAT

PROMPT: What did Brad want to know? {bk10-l1c-f7-01-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Brad wanted to know how to work the vending machine. {bk10-l1c-f7-01-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What did Brad do wrong? {bk10-l1c-f7-02-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Brad pushed the button before the coins dropped. {bk10-l1c-f7-02-a.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1C Figure 7 (dialogue 2)
$DIALOGUE Out of Order
ID: 10-1c-f7-d2
INTRO: Dave tries everything and the machine still wins. Listen to Dave and Fred figure out what's wrong.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the dialogue.

Dave: Fred, how do you operate this machine? I put some money in it, but nothing came out. {bk10-l1c-f7-d2-01.mp3}
Fred: Maybe it's out of that kind of snack, Dave. Pull a different knob. {bk10-l1c-f7-d2-02.mp3}
Dave: I pulled them all and nothing happens. {bk10-l1c-f7-d2-03.mp3}
Fred: Well, maybe the coins are stuck. Push the coin release. {bk10-l1c-f7-d2-04.mp3}
Dave: I did that too. {bk10-l1c-f7-d2-05.mp3}
Fred: Then it's out of order. {bk10-l1c-f7-d2-06.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1C Figure 7 (questions on dialogue 2)
$PRODUCE Questions: Out of Order
ID: 10-1c-f7-q2
REFERENCE: 10-1c-f7-d2
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
INTRO: Four questions about Dave's battle with the machine. Answer aloud, then repeat the model answer.
INSTRUCTION: Answer aloud in a complete sentence.
REPEAT

PROMPT: What did Dave ask Fred? {bk10-l1c-f7-03-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: He asked Fred how to operate the machine. {bk10-l1c-f7-03-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What did Fred tell Dave to do first? {bk10-l1c-f7-04-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: First, he told Dave to pull a different knob. {bk10-l1c-f7-04-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Then what did he tell Dave to do? {bk10-l1c-f7-05-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Then he told Dave to push the coin release. {bk10-l1c-f7-05-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What was the matter with the machine? {bk10-l1c-f7-06-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: It was out of order. {bk10-l1c-f7-06-a.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1C Figure 8
$SELECT Which Ending?
ID: 10-1c-f8
INTRO: You've heard these instructions all lesson — now finish them yourself. Listen to the beginning of each sentence, tap the right ending, then repeat the full sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the correct ending.
REPEAT

OPTION: a | stamps out here.
OPTION: b | pull the knob.
OPTION: c | try to push the coin return.
OPTION: d | how to use this machine?
OPTION: e | before you push the button.
OPTION: f | you lift this door and get it.

PROMPT: Excuse me, can you tell me... {bk10-l1c-f8-01.mp3}
ANSWER: d
FEEDBACK: Excuse me, can you tell me how to use this machine? {bk10-l1c-f8-01-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: Make your selection and... {bk10-l1c-f8-02.mp3}
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: Make your selection and pull the knob. {bk10-l1c-f8-02-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: The soda will drop and then... {bk10-l1c-f8-03.mp3}
ANSWER: f
FEEDBACK: The soda will drop here, and you lift this door and get it. {bk10-l1c-f8-03-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: Push this button and pull the... {bk10-l1c-f8-04.mp3}
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: Push this button and pull the stamps out here. {bk10-l1c-f8-04-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: Be sure the coins drop... {bk10-l1c-f8-05.mp3}
ANSWER: e
FEEDBACK: Be sure the coins drop before you push the button. {bk10-l1c-f8-05-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: When the coins stick... {bk10-l1c-f8-06.mp3}
ANSWER: c
FEEDBACK: When the coins are stuck, try to push the coin return. {bk10-l1c-f8-06-fb.mp3}

# Source: ST §Make Your Selection: Dialogs
$DIALOGUE Vending Machine Conversations
ID: l1-s32
INTRO: Eight short conversations at eight different machines — sodas, stamps, coffee, and sandwiches. Listen and repeat each exchange; by the end, no machine will surprise you.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the dialogs.
REPEAT

John: Can you help me, please? {st-page_037_001.jpg|A soft drink vending machine}
LINE: I put some money in this machine, but the drink didn't come out.
LINE: Do you think it's out of order?
Steve: No, I don't. I just bought a soft drink a few minutes ago. Maybe the coins are stuck.
John: What should I do?
Steve: Push the coin return. You should get your money back. Then try again.

Ted: Will you please show me how this machine works? I want to buy a stamp for this letter. {st-page_037_002.jpg|A postal stamp vending machine}
Claire: Sure. Just put a quarter in the slot. Push the button and pull the stamp out.
Ted: Will the machine give me change?
Claire: Yes, this one does. Look in the change cup.

Chuck: Can I get a cup of coffee from this machine? {st-page_038_001.jpg|A hot drinks coffee vending machine}
Ed: Yes, it costs 35 cents.
Chuck: Can I get it with sugar and cream?
Ed: Sure. You can get coffee with sugar, with cream, or with both.

Mark: Can you help me operate this machine? I put some money in it, but nothing came out. {st-page_038_002.jpg|A snacks vending machine}
David: Maybe it's out of that kind of candy. Push a different button.
Mark: I pushed them all and nothing happens.
David: Well, maybe the coins are stuck. Try turning the coin return.

Lynn: Do you know where I can get something to eat? {st-page_039_001.jpg|A sandwiches vending machine}
Larry: There's a vending machine with sandwiches in it in the next room.
Lynn: Can you come with me and show me how to use it?
Larry: Oh, it's easy. Insert the money, make your selection by letter and number, and open the window for your sandwich.

Fred: Do you know how to work this machine? I need to buy some stamps. {st-page_039_002.jpg|A postal stamp vending machine}
Jack: Oh, sure.
LINE: It costs $2.50 for a book of stamps.
LINE: Put the coins in here and push the button below the stamps you want.
Fred: Where can I get some change?
Jack: There's a change machine over there. It gives quarters for dollar bills.

Adam: I want to get a soda. Do you know how this machine works? {st-page_040_001.jpg|A soft drink vending machine}
Mark: Yes.
LINE: First put in 50 cents, make your selection, and then push the button.
LINE: Be sure that the coins drop before you push the button.
Adam: I'll get you one, too. What's your favorite soda?
Mark: Oh, thanks. I'd like a diet soda.

Bob: Are there any other vending machines around here? This one's out of order, and I want to get some gum. {st-page_040_002.jpg|A snacks vending machine}
Hal: There's a candy machine in the lab building. It's supposed to have gum in it.

# SKIPPED (book): "EXCUSE ME, PLEASE." (p. 41) — open-ended sentence completion stems without fixed answers.
# SKIPPED (book): "I NEED A DRINK." (pp. 41-42) — open-ended partner role-play scenarios.

$SESSION 1-9: Be Supposed To

# Source: ST §Be Supposed To (grammar)
$GRAMMAR Be Supposed To
ID: l1-s33
INTRO: In this part you'll learn to talk about rules, plans, and duties — things people are supposed to do, whether they do them or not.

CARD: Use **be supposed to** to express something that is planned or arranged.
{The train was supposed to arrive at 10:30.}
{The movie is supposed to start at 7:00.}

CARD: Use **be supposed to** to express something expected by duty, rule, or law.
{Are the men supposed to clean the barracks?}
{We're supposed to wear our uniforms every day.}

CARD: Use **be not supposed to** to express something that is not allowed or not advisable.
{You're not supposed to wear your hats inside the building.}
{They're not supposed to watch TV at 2 in the morning.}

SUMMARY:
| | | |
|---|---|---|
| I'm<br>You're<br>He's<br>She's<br>We're<br>They're | **supposed to** | relax.<br>be on time for class.<br>wear a seatbelt. |
| I'm<br>You're<br>He's<br>She's<br>We're<br>They're | **not supposed to** | drink and drive.<br>smoke in the classroom. |

| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Am<br>Is<br>Are | I<br>he / she<br>you / we / they | **supposed to** | be in this building?<br>go to lab now?<br>report to the captain?<br>obey traffic laws? |

# Source: LLA 1D Figure 1
$DIALOGUE Have To, Should, Supposed To
ID: 10-1d-f1
INTRO: Things you have to do and things you should do — both turn into "supposed to". Listen to each pair and repeat.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat.
REPEAT

LINE: You have to obey traffic laws. {bk10-l1d-f1-01.mp3}
LINE: You're supposed to obey traffic laws. {bk10-l1d-f1-02.mp3}

LINE: You have to wear your uniform to class. {bk10-l1d-f1-03.mp3}
LINE: You're supposed to wear your uniform to class. {bk10-l1d-f1-04.mp3}

LINE: You have to be on time to class. {bk10-l1d-f1-05.mp3}
LINE: You're supposed to be on time to class. {bk10-l1d-f1-06.mp3}

LINE: You should be on time for dinner. {bk10-l1d-f1-07.mp3}
LINE: You're supposed to be on time for dinner. {bk10-l1d-f1-08.mp3}

LINE: You should thank people when they help you. {bk10-l1d-f1-09.mp3}
LINE: You're supposed to thank people when they help you. {bk10-l1d-f1-10.mp3}

LINE: You should write to your family often. {bk10-l1d-f1-11.mp3}
LINE: You're supposed to write to your family often. {bk10-l1d-f1-12.mp3}

# Source: ST §Be Supposed To: Practice Sentences
$DIALOGUE Supposed To in Everyday Life
ID: l1-s34
INTRO: More "supposed to" in real situations — airports, dinners, and dogs in yards. Listen and repeat each sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat each sentence.
REPEAT

LINE: You're supposed to have a driver's license before you drive.
LINE: When dinner is at 7 o'clock, you're supposed to be there at 7 o'clock.
LINE: You're not supposed to smoke on airplanes.
LINE: What time are you supposed to be at the airport?
LINE: Is your class supposed to start at 6 o'clock?
LINE: I'm supposed to call my family tonight.
LINE: When you live in the city, you're supposed to keep your dog in the yard.
LINE: She's not supposed to walk on the grass at school.

# Source: LLA 1D Figure 2
$SELECT Supposed To or Not?
ID: 10-1d-f2
INTRO: Listen to each question and choose the best answer with "supposed to". Then repeat the full model answer.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the best answer.
SHOW_PROMPT
REPEAT

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: Should we drive carefully when we drive on ice? {bk10-l1d-f2-00-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | Yes, we're supposed to.
OPTION: b | No, we're not supposed to.
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: We're supposed to drive carefully when we drive on ice. {bk10-l1d-f2-00-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: Should we do our homework every day? {bk10-l1d-f2-01-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | Yes, we're supposed to.
OPTION: b | No, we're not supposed to.
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: We're supposed to do our homework every day. {bk10-l1d-f2-01-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: Must you smoke in the classroom? {bk10-l1d-f2-02-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | No, we're not supposed to.
OPTION: b | Yes, we're supposed to.
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: We're not supposed to smoke in the classroom. {bk10-l1d-f2-02-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: Do the coins have to drop before you pull the knob? {bk10-l1d-f2-03-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | No, they're not supposed to.
OPTION: b | Yes, they're supposed to.
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: The coins are supposed to drop before you pull the knob. {bk10-l1d-f2-03-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: Must you study before a test? {bk10-l1d-f2-04-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | Yes, I'm supposed to.
OPTION: b | No, I'm not supposed to.
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: I'm supposed to study before a test. {bk10-l1d-f2-04-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: Should we exercise before we warm up? {bk10-l1d-f2-05-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | Yes, we're supposed to.
OPTION: b | No, we're not supposed to.
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: We're not supposed to exercise before we warm up. {bk10-l1d-f2-05-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: Must you salute when you're not in uniform? {bk10-l1d-f2-06-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | Yes, we're supposed to.
OPTION: b | No, we're not supposed to.
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: We're not supposed to salute when we're not in uniform. {bk10-l1d-f2-06-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: Should they go out on weeknights? {bk10-l1d-f2-07-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | Yes, they're supposed to.
OPTION: b | No, they're not supposed to.
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: They're not supposed to go out on weeknights. {bk10-l1d-f2-07-fb.mp3}

PROMPT: Does he have to put American coins in an American vending machine? {bk10-l1d-f2-08-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | Yes, he's supposed to.
OPTION: b | No, he's not supposed to.
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: He's supposed to put American coins in American vending machines. {bk10-l1d-f2-08-fb.mp3}

# Source: ST §Are You Supposed To?
$PRODUCE Say It with "Supposed To"
ID: l1-s35
INTRO: Turn "should" and "have to" into "supposed to". Read each sentence and say the new version aloud.
INSTRUCTION: Rewrite the sentence using "be supposed to".
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
SHOW_PROMPT

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: You shouldn't eat before you swim.
RESPONSE: You're not supposed to eat before you swim.

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: Bill has to lock the door when he leaves.
RESPONSE: Bill's supposed to lock the door when he leaves.

PROMPT: When you are going to miss class, you have to tell the teacher.
RESPONSE: When you are going to miss class, you're supposed to tell the teacher.

PROMPT: I should call my family, but I don't have enough money for the call.
RESPONSE: I'm supposed to call my family, but I don't have enough money for the call.

PROMPT: She has to be at the doctor's office at 9 o'clock.
RESPONSE: She's supposed to be at the doctor's office at 9 o'clock.

PROMPT: You should be careful when you drive on ice.
RESPONSE: You're supposed to be careful when you drive on ice.

PROMPT: You should apologize for being late.
RESPONSE: You're supposed to apologize for being late.

PROMPT: You have to wear seat belts on base.
RESPONSE: You're supposed to wear seat belts on base.

# SKIPPED (book): "I'M SUPPOSED TO ...!" (p. 45) — open classroom pair ask-and-answer drill.

# Source: ST §You're Not Supposed to Do Those Things at School!
$PRODUCE School Rules
ID: l1-s36
INTRO: Build sentences and questions about school rules from the cue words — including the rules nobody enjoys, like no sleeping in class.
INSTRUCTION: Make a sentence or question using "be supposed to" and the cue words.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
SHOW_PROMPT

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: turn off the lights when you leave the room?
RESPONSE: Are you supposed to turn off the lights when you leave the room?

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: sleep in class
RESPONSE: You're not supposed to sleep in class.

PROMPT: wear uniform every day
RESPONSE: You're supposed to wear your uniform every day.

PROMPT: walk on the grass
RESPONSE: You're not supposed to walk on the grass.

PROMPT: take a test every week?
RESPONSE: Are you supposed to take a test every week?

PROMPT: when go to lab?
RESPONSE: When are you supposed to go to the lab?

PROMPT: how often go to library?
RESPONSE: How often are you supposed to go to the library?

PROMPT: smoke in the classroom
RESPONSE: You're not supposed to smoke in the classroom.

PROMPT: wear hats in the classroom
RESPONSE: You're not supposed to wear hats in the classroom.

PROMPT: do homework before class
RESPONSE: You're supposed to do your homework before class.

PROMPT: stay in class until bell rings
RESPONSE: You're supposed to stay in class until the bell rings.

PROMPT: take a 10 minute break after lab
RESPONSE: You're supposed to take a 10 minute break after lab.

$SESSION 1-10: Around Town and Putting It Together

# Source: LLA 1D Figure 3 (part 1)
$DIALOGUE Madge's Directions {page_028_001.jpg|A map of a town showing streets such as Lemon St., Oak St., Long Road, Cherry St., Orange Dr., Center Road, Green Ave., Hwy 101, Hwy 102, and Sunshine St., with building locations A through J and a compass rose}
ID: 10-1d-f3-dialogue
INTRO: This final part puts the whole lesson to work. Madge is planning a busy Saturday and Helen doesn't know the town — follow Madge's directions on the map as you listen.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the directions.

Narrator: Madge and Helen needed to do a lot of things Saturday afternoon. Helen didn't know the town very well. Madge had to give her directions. {bk10-l1d-f3-01.mp3}
Madge: We can meet at the drugstore after class. It's on the corner of Sunshine Street and Highway 102. {bk10-l1d-f3-02.mp3}
Madge: Then we can walk northeast on Sunshine for two blocks to that little restaurant on Center Road for lunch. {bk10-l1d-f3-03.mp3}
Madge: After lunch, you can go west for a block and a half to the travel agency. {bk10-l1d-f3-04.mp3}
Madge: I'll go north for a block and turn west to go to Sandy's house. You can meet me there. It's the second house on the south side from the corner of Long Road and Orange Drive. {bk10-l1d-f3-05.mp3}
Madge: Then you and Sandy can look for blouses in the store on the northwest corner across from her house. {bk10-l1d-f3-06.mp3}
Madge: I'll meet you in the park across from the store afterwards. {bk10-l1d-f3-07.mp3}
Madge: We can go together to the bank. It's a block north and west. {bk10-l1d-f3-08.mp3}
Madge: Then if we go south for a block on Lemon Street, we can leave our old shoes at the shoe repair place on the southeast corner. {bk10-l1d-f3-09.mp3}
Madge: Then we can keep going south for two blocks and turn east on Green Avenue. The library is on our right, and we can return our books. {bk10-l1d-f3-10.mp3}
Madge: When we go home, we'll walk east. We can stop and buy vegetables at the vegetable place on the corner of Green Avenue and Orange Drive. {bk10-l1d-f3-11.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1D Figure 3 (part 2)
$SELECT Find the Buildings {page_028_001.jpg|A map of a town showing streets such as Lemon St., Oak St., Long Road, Cherry St., Orange Dr., Center Road, Green Ave., Hwy 101, Hwy 102, and Sunshine St., with building locations A through J and a compass rose}
ID: 10-1d-f3
REFERENCE
INTRO: Now match each place to its letter on the map. Replay Madge's directions whenever the town stops making sense.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the letter for each location.

OPTION: a | Location A
OPTION: b | Location B
OPTION: c | Location C
OPTION: d | Location D
OPTION: e | Location E
OPTION: f | Location F
OPTION: g | Location G
OPTION: h | Location H
OPTION: i | Location I
OPTION: j | Location J

TEMPLATE: bank
ANSWER: g

TEMPLATE: library
ANSWER: i

TEMPLATE: vegetable place
ANSWER: j

TEMPLATE: Sandy's house
ANSWER: d

TEMPLATE: city park
ANSWER: f

TEMPLATE: shoe shop
ANSWER: h

TEMPLATE: drugstore
ANSWER: a

TEMPLATE: travel agency
ANSWER: b

TEMPLATE: blouse store
ANSWER: e

TEMPLATE: restaurant
ANSWER: c

# Source: LLA 1D Figure 4
$PRODUCE Spelling Practice
ID: 10-1d-f4
INPUT: type
CHECK: exact
INTRO: Ten words from recent lessons, by ear. Listen to each word and type it with the correct spelling.
INSTRUCTION: Type the word you hear.

PROMPT: apologize {bk10-l1d-f4-01.mp3}
RESPONSE: apologize {bk10-l1d-f4-01.mp3}

PROMPT: realize {bk10-l1d-f4-02.mp3}
RESPONSE: realize {bk10-l1d-f4-02.mp3}

PROMPT: forgive {bk10-l1d-f4-03.mp3}
RESPONSE: forgive {bk10-l1d-f4-03.mp3}

PROMPT: pleased {bk10-l1d-f4-04.mp3}
RESPONSE: pleased {bk10-l1d-f4-04.mp3}

PROMPT: really {bk10-l1d-f4-05.mp3}
RESPONSE: really {bk10-l1d-f4-05.mp3}

PROMPT: blanket {bk10-l1d-f4-06.mp3}
RESPONSE: blanket {bk10-l1d-f4-06.mp3}

PROMPT: laundry {bk10-l1d-f4-07.mp3}
RESPONSE: laundry {bk10-l1d-f4-07.mp3}

PROMPT: closet {bk10-l1d-f4-08.mp3}
RESPONSE: closet {bk10-l1d-f4-08.mp3}

PROMPT: feelings {bk10-l1d-f4-09.mp3}
RESPONSE: feelings {bk10-l1d-f4-09.mp3}

PROMPT: pillow {bk10-l1d-f4-10.mp3}
RESPONSE: pillow {bk10-l1d-f4-10.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1D Figure 5 (part 1)
$DIALOGUE Three Kinds of Vending Machines
ID: 10-1d-f5-dialogue
INTRO: A short talk about the three kinds of vending machines. Listen carefully — you'll organize what you hear into an outline next.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the passage.

LINE: Coins operate many kinds of machines. {bk10-l1d-f5-01.mp3}
LINE: We call these machines vending machines. {bk10-l1d-f5-02.mp3}
LINE: One kind of vending machine sells food. {bk10-l1d-f5-03.mp3}
LINE: They sell sandwiches, chips, and candy. {bk10-l1d-f5-04.mp3}
LINE: Another kind sells drinks. {bk10-l1d-f5-05.mp3}
LINE: They sell sodas, juices, coffee, and tea. {bk10-l1d-f5-06.mp3}
LINE: A third kind of vending machine helps us with our work. {bk10-l1d-f5-07.mp3}
LINE: These machines wash our clothes, dry our clothes, and wash our cars. {bk10-l1d-f5-08.mp3}
LINE: Vending machines are very useful machines. {bk10-l1d-f5-09.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1D Figure 5 (part 2)
$PRODUCE The Outline: Kinds of Machines
ID: 10-1d-f5
INPUT: type
CHECK: exact
REFERENCE
INTRO: Fill in the outline with the three kinds of vending machines and what each one sells or does. Replay the passage if you need to.
INSTRUCTION: Fill in the outline slots.

TEMPLATE: Vending Machines
SLOT: 1 | Category 1 | food
SLOT: 2 | Items sold | sandwiches, chips, candy
SLOT: 1 | Category 2 | drinks
SLOT: 2 | Items sold | sodas, juices, coffee, tea
SLOT: 1 | Category 3 | helps with work
SLOT: 2 | Tasks | wash clothes, dry clothes, wash cars

# Source: LLA 1D Figure 6 (part 1)
$DIALOGUE Snacks Between Meals
ID: 10-1d-f6-dialogue
INTRO: One more listening passage — big snacks, small snacks, and people who just want a drink. Listen and keep the three types in mind.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the passage.

LINE: People like to eat snacks between meals. {bk10-l1d-f6-01.mp3}
LINE: People eat all kinds of food for snacks. {bk10-l1d-f6-02.mp3}
LINE: Some people eat big snacks. They're small meals. {bk10-l1d-f6-03.mp3}
LINE: They may eat a sandwich or hamburger and call it a snack. {bk10-l1d-f6-04.mp3}
LINE: Other people like small snacks. {bk10-l1d-f6-05.mp3}
LINE: A candy bar, some nuts, or some chips will be fine for them. {bk10-l1d-f6-06.mp3}
LINE: Some people just want a drink. {bk10-l1d-f6-07.mp3}
LINE: They'll have some coffee, or juice, or a soda. {bk10-l1d-f6-08.mp3}
LINE: Then they don't get hungry until the next meal. {bk10-l1d-f6-09.mp3}

# Source: LLA 1D Figure 6 (part 2)
$PRODUCE The Outline: Kinds of Snacks
ID: 10-1d-f6
INPUT: type
CHECK: exact
REFERENCE
INTRO: Last one. Fill in the outline about snacks — and with that, you're done with this lesson, officially qualified to feed yourself from any machine and explain it to everyone else.
INSTRUCTION: Fill in the outline slots.

TEMPLATE: Snacks Between Meals
SLOT: 1 | Type of snack 1 | big snacks
SLOT: 2 | Examples | sandwich or hamburger
SLOT: 1 | Type of snack 2 | small snacks
SLOT: 2 | Examples | candy bar, nuts, or chips
SLOT: 1 | Type of snack 3 | drinks
SLOT: 2 | Examples | coffee, juice, or soda