alc-english/book-7-lesson-5.module

$MODULE Book 7 · Lesson 5: Don't Make a Mistake {st-page_155_001.jpg}
FORMAT: 2
DESCRIPTION: Review lesson (no tapes): pronoun and reference words, combining sentences with adjectives, some/any and both, comparatives with -er/-est, and reading for the main idea.
TARGET_LANG_G: en
HOME_LANG_G: en
VOICE_DEFAULT: aoede | Clear, friendly American English narrator
VOICE_PROMPT: gacrux | Questions and cues, read clearly
VOICE_RESPONSE: schedar | Model answers, warm and clear

$LESSON 5-1: Reference Words

# SKIPPED (book): "OPPOSITES" — instructor-led oral drill with no printed stimuli.
# SKIPPED (book): "DID YOU HEAR THAT?" — instructor-read listening comprehension with no recorded stimuli.

# Source: ST §It = Florida (l5-s1)
$PRODUCE Pronoun Reference
ID: l5-s1
INTRO: Welcome to review day — nothing new here, just a chance to prove the earlier material stuck. You'll read short paragraphs and type exactly who or what each pronoun points to. Read the whole paragraph first; pronouns love to point backwards.
INSTRUCTION: Read the paragraph and type the correct referent on the line.
INPUT: type
CHECK: exact

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: Many people take their vacation in Florida. *It* has the ocean and nice weather all year.
TEMPLATE: It = ____{Florida}
RESPONSE: It = Florida.

TEMPLATE: Mac is a happy man. *He* likes to play, and he doesn't work a lot. He has many friends. *They* often go to the movies together on Friday night, to the football games on Saturday, and sometimes to a basketball game on Tuesday.
TEMPLATE: They = ____{Mac and his friends|his friends|Mac and friends}
RESPONSE: They = Mac and his friends.

TEMPLATE: The children in my family like animals very much. Often they see dogs and cats without homes and bring these animals to our house. Sometimes the animals are sick. Then the children give *them* medicine and good food.
TEMPLATE: Them = ____{the animals|sick animals|the sick animals}
RESPONSE: Them = the sick animals.

TEMPLATE: Fred needs a job. Every day he looks at the ads for jobs in the newspaper. For twelve years in the past he was a student, but he's not a student now. He finished school in June. Now *he* has to work.
TEMPLATE: He = ____{Fred}
RESPONSE: He = Fred.

TEMPLATE: Laura took a long vacation with friends. *They* went to Alaska and climbed a high mountain. The first day it was sunny. The second day it rained. The third day on the mountain it snowed. Laura and her friends had to climb down fast.
TEMPLATE: They = ____{Laura and her friends|Laura and friends|her friends}
RESPONSE: They = Laura and her friends.

TEMPLATE: Betty saw a pretty carpet in a store downtown. *She* wanted to buy it, but the price was more money than she had. She went home, looked at her living room, and thought about the carpet. The next day Betty got a job. Soon she will have the money for a new carpet.
TEMPLATE: She = ____{Betty}
RESPONSE: She = Betty.

TEMPLATE: Do you know the name of the longest river in the world? It is the Nile. It begins in Tanzania and stops at the Mediterranean Sea. Africa is the home of this river.
TEMPLATE: *This river* = ____{the Nile|the Nile river|The Nile}
RESPONSE: This river = the Nile.

TEMPLATE: John Miller is an airman. His brother Don is a soldier. John is in the Air Force. Don is in the Army. Both are in the military.
TEMPLATE: *Both* = ____{John and Don|Don and John|John Miller and Don Miller|the brothers}
RESPONSE: Both = John and Don.

TEMPLATE: Mary plays basketball. It's her job. For six months of the year Mary works long hours. Then after the basketball season is over, *she* can relax.
TEMPLATE: She = ____{Mary}
RESPONSE: She = Mary.

TEMPLATE: My brother is buying a car for his daughter. *She* uses it to drive to school.
TEMPLATE: She = ____{his daughter|the daughter}
RESPONSE: She = his daughter.

TEMPLATE: Dick works for his dad in his store downtown. *He* works after school and usually on Saturday too.
TEMPLATE: He = ____{Dick}
RESPONSE: He = Dick.

# SKIPPED (book): "WHAT DO WE USE A COMB FOR?" — open pair work.
# SKIPPED (book): "UNDERSTAND...UNDERSTOOD", "OTHER", "COMPARE", "RELATED WORDS" — instructor-led oral/listening tasks with no printed stimuli.
# SKIPPED (book): "WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE?" — open pair work.
# SKIPPED (book): "LETS DRAW!", "DRAW THE SHAPES" — physical action/drawing tasks.
# SKIPPED (book): "OUR HOME IN SAN ANTONIO." — instructor-read dictation cloze with no audio.

# Source: ST §Select the Same Words (l5-s2)
$PRODUCE Other Reference Words
ID: l5-s2
INTRO: Same detective work, trickier words — "other", "here", "one", and "do this". Read each paragraph and type what the marked words stand for.
INSTRUCTION: Read the paragraph and type the correct referent for the underlined word.
INPUT: type
CHECK: exact

TEMPLATE: It was a hot Sunday afternoon and the lake outside the city was very crowded. It was crowded with boats and with people. The people were trying to swim, and the boats were going from one side of the lake to the *other*.
TEMPLATE: Other = ____{other side|the other side|the other side of the lake}
RESPONSE: Other = the other side of the lake.

TEMPLATE: From 1820 to 1930 more than 37 million people came to the United States from other countries. They wanted jobs and land. Some of them worked for a few years and then went home. The others stayed *here*.
TEMPLATE: Here = ____{in the United States|the United States|US|USA}
RESPONSE: Here = in the United States.

TEMPLATE: The Lopez family live in a big house on the edge of town. They have two dogs and a cat. The dogs cost a lot of money. Mr. Lopez paid $100 for one of the dogs and $150 for *the other one*.
TEMPLATE: The other one = ____{the other dog|the second dog|one of the dogs}
RESPONSE: The other one = the other dog.

TEMPLATE: In our country most people wash and dry their clothes inside the house, but in many countries women wash the clothes outside and dry them in the sun. Our grocery stores are inside also, but in very warm countries people may buy and sell food outside. Most people take a shower inside, but in a hot country people may *do this* outside too.
TEMPLATE: Do this = ____{take a shower|shower|wash}
RESPONSE: Do this = take a shower.

TEMPLATE: The grass around the house is very green, and there are some pretty flowers next to the fence in the backyard. On the other side of the fence vegetables grow. Bill works in the yard after dinner every evening. Some people think his is the prettiest *one* on the block.
TEMPLATE: One = ____{yard|the yard|grass|the grass}
RESPONSE: One = yard.

$LESSON 5-2: Speaking Review — Ages, Some/Any, and Both

# Source: ST §I'm Two Years Older (l5-s3)
$PRODUCE How Old Is He?
ID: l5-s3
INTRO: Now some speaking practice, starting with little age puzzles. Each item gives you facts — ask the age question the facts answer, like "How old is Al?", then answer it aloud with the right number. The arithmetic is small; the grammar is the point.
INSTRUCTION: Read the facts. Ask an age question, then answer it aloud.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: The learner must form a question based on the premise (e.g. "How old is Al?") and answer it with the correctly calculated age; treat the model answer as the arithmetic key.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: Sally is twelve. *Her brother is ten years older*.
RESPONSE: How old is Sally's brother? He's twenty-two.

TEMPLATE: John was 16 on his last birthday. *His friend Al is two years younger than John*.
RESPONSE: How old is Al? He is 14.

TEMPLATE: Tim's sister is 18. *Tim is half that*.
RESPONSE: How old is Tim? He is 9.

TEMPLATE: *Terry has a birthday next week*. She will be 31 years older than her three-year-old son.
RESPONSE: How old will Terry be? She will be 34.

TEMPLATE: Guy and his brother are both sixteen. *Their mother is twenty-five years older*.
RESPONSE: How old is their mother? She is 41.

TEMPLATE: *Mr. Wilson is two years older than Mrs. Wilson*. He is forty.
RESPONSE: How old is Mrs. Wilson? She is 38.

TEMPLATE: *The school opened for the first class in 1910*. It's 1990 now.
RESPONSE: How old is the school? It is 80 years old.

TEMPLATE: We have a very big *tree* in our yard. The tree is older than my father's mother. *She is 88*.
RESPONSE: How old is the tree? It is older than 88.

TEMPLATE: *My cat is my age*. I'm two years older than my sister. She's 11.
RESPONSE: How old is the cat? It is 13.

TEMPLATE: Every student in my class is older than Ray. The oldest one in the class is 29. On his next birthday Ray will be *six years younger than that*.
RESPONSE: How old will Ray be? He will be 23.

TEMPLATE: We bought our furniture ten years ago. *Two years later we bought the refrigerator*.
RESPONSE: How old is the refrigerator? It is 8 years old.

# Source: ST §Combine the Sentences (l5-s4)
$PRODUCE Combine the Sentences
ID: l5-s4
INTRO: You'll see two or three short sentences about one thing. Combine them into a single smooth sentence aloud, keeping the underlined details. Adjectives go before the noun — that's the whole trick.
INSTRUCTION: Combine the sentences aloud. Use the underlined information.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
SHOW_PROMPT

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: The man is tall. He has a car. *His car is red*.
RESPONSE: The tall man has a red car.

PROMPT: *The glass is green*. It is on the table. *The table is red*.
RESPONSE: The green glass is on the red table.

PROMPT: *The airplane is small*. The airplane flew over the ocean.
RESPONSE: The small airplane flew over the ocean.

PROMPT: *The refrigerator is in the kitchen*. *The refrigerator is new*.
RESPONSE: The new refrigerator is in the kitchen.

PROMPT: He drank some tea. *The tea was hot*.
RESPONSE: He drank some hot tea.

PROMPT: *The woman is old*. The woman will climb a mountain.
RESPONSE: The old woman will climb a mountain.

PROMPT: *The girl is short*. She is wearing a hat. *It is white*.
RESPONSE: The short girl is wearing a white hat.

PROMPT: The boy looks like his mother. *He is small*.
RESPONSE: The small boy looks like his mother.

PROMPT: They have a house. *It is old*.
RESPONSE: They have an old house.

PROMPT: He has a bird. *It is big and yellow*.
RESPONSE: He has a big, yellow bird.

PROMPT: She had a truck. *The truck was old and red*.
RESPONSE: She had an old, red truck.

# SKIPPED (book): "SYNONYMS", "NEW HOSPITAL" — instructor-read oral drills with no printed stimuli.
# SKIPPED (book): "INSTRUCTIONS", "WHAT'S THIS CALLED?" — physical action and drawing.

# Source: ST §Do You Have Any? (l5-s5)
$PRODUCE Some and Any
ID: l5-s5
INTRO: You'll hear something you need — eggs, soap, money. Say the pattern aloud: "I need some eggs. Do you have any?" Then answer: "Yes, I have some." Same pattern every time — it's quite a shopping list.
INSTRUCTION: Say "I need some…", ask "Do you have any?", then give a short answer.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: Accept a correctly formed pair of sentences using "some" and "any" for the given word, followed by a logical short answer, e.g. "I need some eggs. Do you have any? Yes, I have some." — a negative answer ("No, I don't have any.") is also fine.

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: money
RESPONSE: I need some money. Do you have any? Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: eggs
RESPONSE: I need some eggs. Do you have any? Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: potatoes
RESPONSE: I need some potatoes. Do you have any? Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: dessert
RESPONSE: I need some dessert. Do you have any? Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: bread
RESPONSE: I need some bread. Do you have any? Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: sugar
RESPONSE: I need some sugar. Do you have any? Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: soup
RESPONSE: I need some soup. Do you have any? Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: chairs
RESPONSE: I need some chairs. Do you have any? Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: furniture
RESPONSE: I need some furniture. Do you have any? Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: tables
RESPONSE: I need some tables. Do you have any? Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: soap
RESPONSE: I need some soap. Do you have any? Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: water
RESPONSE: I need some water. Do you have any? Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: toothpaste
RESPONSE: I need some toothpaste. Do you have any? Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: cups
RESPONSE: I need some cups. Do you have any? Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: spoons
RESPONSE: I need some spoons. Do you have any? Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: glasses
RESPONSE: I need some glasses. Do you have any? Yes, I have some.

PROMPT: paper
RESPONSE: I need some paper. Do you have any? Yes, I have some.

# Source: ST §I'd Like Both, Please (l5-s6)
$PRODUCE Answer with Both
ID: l5-s6
INTRO: You'll hear questions that offer two choices. Be greedy — take both. Answer aloud with a sentence using "both".
INSTRUCTION: Answer the question aloud with a sentence using "both".
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: Do you want cake or cookies?
RESPONSE: I'd like both, please.

PROMPT: Did you go to China or Russia on your vacation?
RESPONSE: I went to both.

PROMPT: Is Pat watching TV or doing his homework?
RESPONSE: He is doing both.

PROMPT: Did Tom buy the brown slacks or the blue ones?
RESPONSE: He bought both.

PROMPT: Does she like hot tea or cold tea?
RESPONSE: She likes both.

PROMPT: Are you tired or sick?
RESPONSE: I'm both.

PROMPT: Did the children play baseball or soccer last night?
RESPONSE: They played both.

PROMPT: Is Bill studying English or Spanish?
RESPONSE: He is studying both.

PROMPT: Does Lou have a cat or a dog?
RESPONSE: He has both.

PROMPT: Did Frank write a letter or a postcard?
RESPONSE: He wrote both.

PROMPT: Did he talk to Susan or Tony?
RESPONSE: He talked to both.

$LESSON 5-3: Comparatives and Main Ideas

# Source: ST §Match the Sentences (l5-s7)
$SELECT Match the Sentences (Part 1)
ID: l5-s7
INTRO: Last part of the review — matching, comparing, and two short readings. First, read each statement and tap the sentence that goes with it.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the statement that matches.
OPTION: a | It's the moon.
OPTION: b | She never does her homework.
OPTION: c | They had the wrong answer.
OPTION: d | It's the diameter.
OPTION: e | He always does it.

TEMPLATE: It divides a circle.
ANSWER: d

TEMPLATE: He brushes his teeth every day.
ANSWER: e

TEMPLATE: She doesn't like mathematics.
ANSWER: b

TEMPLATE: They made a mistake.
ANSWER: c

TEMPLATE: We usually see it at night.
ANSWER: a

# Source: ST §Match the Sentences (l5-s8)
$SELECT Match the Sentences (Part 2)
ID: l5-s8
INTRO: Five more pairs to match — same game, new sentences.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the statement that matches.
OPTION: a | He opened a can.
OPTION: b | It's a lamp.
OPTION: c | It's a cabinet.
OPTION: d | You usually do it.
OPTION: e | It's a mountain.

TEMPLATE: It's on the big desk.
ANSWER: b

TEMPLATE: We keep dishes in it.
ANSWER: c

TEMPLATE: They want to climb it.
ANSWER: e

TEMPLATE: You study five days a week.
ANSWER: d

TEMPLATE: Bill used a can opener.
ANSWER: a

# Source: ST §Adjectives (table); talk-through: new (gap: -er/-est is drilled next but never restated in this lesson)
$GRAMMAR Comparing with -er and -est
ID: l5-s9
INTRO: A one-minute reminder before the next drill — how -er and -est compare things.

Here are adjectives you already know:

| | | | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| big | small | pretty | narrow | wide | old | short |
| nice | high | long | young | large | tall | heavy |

To compare **two** things, add **-er** and *than*:

{A tree is taller than a flower.}

To pick one out of a **group**, use *the* and **-est**:

{June 21 is the longest day in the year.}

Watch the spelling: **pretty** → {prettier}, {the prettiest}; **big** → {bigger}, {the biggest}.

# Source: ST §It's Bigger Than a Bread Box (l5-s10)
$PRODUCE Bigger and Biggest
ID: l5-s10
INTRO: Now put -er and -est to work. Type the form that completes each sentence — the adjective table from the last card is there if you need it.
REFERENCE
INSTRUCTION: Type the correct -er or -est form of an adjective to complete the sentence.
INPUT: type
CHECK: exact

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: A tree is ____{taller} than a flower.
RESPONSE: A tree is taller than a flower.

TEMPLATE: The weather in spring is ____{nicer|warmer|milder|better} than the weather in winter.
RESPONSE: The weather in spring is nicer than the weather in winter.

TEMPLATE: A boy is ____{younger|smaller|shorter|weaker} than a man.
RESPONSE: A boy is younger than a man.

TEMPLATE: Alex weighs more than his two brothers. He is the ____{heaviest} of the three boys.
RESPONSE: Alex weighs more than his two brothers. He is the heaviest of the three boys.

TEMPLATE: June 21 is usually the ____{longest} day in the year.
RESPONSE: June 21 is usually the longest day in the year.

TEMPLATE: December 21 is usually the ____{shortest|coldest|darkest} day in the year.
RESPONSE: December 21 is usually the shortest day in the year.

TEMPLATE: Which flower in the yard is the ____{prettiest}?
RESPONSE: Which flower in the yard is the prettiest?

TEMPLATE: A truck is ____{larger|bigger|heavier} than a car.
RESPONSE: A truck is larger than a car.

TEMPLATE: Bob is 32. Mary is 33. John is 27. Mary is the ____{oldest}. John is the ____{youngest}.
RESPONSE: Bob is 32. Mary is 33. John is 27. Mary is the oldest. John is the youngest.

TEMPLATE: A mountain is ____{higher|larger|bigger} than a hill.
RESPONSE: A mountain is higher than a hill.

TEMPLATE: My hand is ____{smaller|shorter} than my foot.
RESPONSE: My hand is smaller than my foot.

# SKIPPED (book): "WRITE A PARAGRAPH." — paragraph composition from a table, deferred.

# Source: ST §Write the Topic (l5-s11)
$PRODUCE Find the Topic
ID: l5-s11
INTRO: Read about Jake and his unlucky math test, then type the paragraph's topic in a few words. Jake made one mistake on this test — keep your own count lower.
INSTRUCTION: Read the paragraph and type the main topic.
INPUT: type
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: Accept any short phrase that captures the main idea (Jake's math test, retaking a math test, making a bad grade, etc.).

TEMPLATE: Jake is very upset. He made a bad score on his math test. He is a good student and he usually makes good grades. But his teacher taught the class some new math, and he didn't understand some of the problems. The teacher will explain his mistakes to him after class. He will take a second math test on Friday. He wants a good score then.
TEMPLATE: Topic: ____
RESPONSE: Jake's math test

# Source: ST §Select the Main Idea (l5-s12)
$SELECT Find the Main Idea
ID: l5-s12
INTRO: One last paragraph — the much-traveled Allen family. Tap the main idea, and the week's review is done. Well earned.
INSTRUCTION: Read the paragraph and tap the main idea.
OPTION: a | Many countries have good schools.
OPTION: b | The Allen family likes to travel.
OPTION: c | Mrs. Allen lived in Mexico.

TEMPLATE: Everyone in the Allen family likes to go to other countries. Mrs. Allen visited Spain and England. Later she worked in Africa and traveled in France and Italy. Thirty years ago, Mrs. Allen was a student in Mexico. She met her husband there. He was on vacation in Mexico at the time. Three of the Allen children were students in other countries. Betty studied in Brazil, Mary studied in Greece, and Linda was a student in Colombia.
ANSWER: b