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WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF...? BOOK 12 LESSON 1

A collage of various scenes depicting people enjoying outdoor activities, beach scenes, and weather elements

FUNCTION

The weather's awful. If you're leaving, you should leave soon.
Well, I expect to leave at noon if it clears up.

GRAMMAR

If we go to the beach, we'll have a good time.
Tom might come with us if he doesn't have to study.

How long has your car's engine sounded this way?
I've heard that noise for a week or two, I guess.

SKILLS

laugh
a. friend
b. dog
c. night

Bill uses a locker.
A locker may be a small closet.
may be a paint brush.
may be a basketball.

Read and listen. Take notes. Summarize.
Read and listen. Underline and number important words.
Write main idea, title, and topic.

VOCABULARY

be over
belong (to)
blow/blew/blown
clear up
expect (to)
last
remain
slip
stay

could use

calm
clear
dangerous
deep
during
ever
except
freezing
frightened
humid
if

like
no longer
none
occasionally
quiet
slippery
unpleasant

beach
breeze
climate
heat
humidity
sea
thought
wind

1

CONTENTS OF BOOK 12 LESSON 1

ST Page
VOCABULARY: Let's go to the beach. 3
READING SKILL: select same sound 8
VOCABULARY: It's calm and quiet at the beach. 9
GRAMMAR: if clauses present or future probability 12
READING SKILL: meaning of unknown word/phrase 18
FUNCTION: inquire about/express effect of conditions on future actions/situations 20
WRITING SKILL: take notes/oral summary 24
WRITING SKILL: underline/number the answers/key points in text 27
GRAMMAR: present perfect tense past into present 28
READING SKILL: summarizing 34

2

Vocabulary

HOT CLIMATE OR COLD CLIMATE?

Repeat the new words and sentences.

  1. climate The weather of a place is its climate. Puerto Rico has a very nice climate.

  2. heat We receive heat from the sun. The heat from the fire will dry your clothes.

  3. humidity Water in the air is called humidity. The humidity is very high near the ocean.

  4. humid When there's a lot of water in the air, we say it's humid. It's often very humid in Houston.

  5. sea A sea is full of salty water. The Mediterranean Sea is between Europe and Africa.

  6. beach A beach is the land next to a sea or an ocean. Children enjoy playing at the beach.

  7. blow/blew/blown Usually a breeze blows softly in the evening. The wind blew very hard yesterday. Oh no! The wind has blown my papers off my desk.

  8. expect My sister said she would call me today. I'm expecting her call. It's 11:00 o'clock. I expect the bus to come soon.

  9. during It was still freezing during April. We used to go swimming every day during the summer.

3

A boy and a girl standing barefoot on a sandy beach looking out at the ocean waves and birds flying overhead

Repeat the new words; then read the letter.

Dear Mary,

Since you're tired of the freezing temperatures in New York, come and visit us during spring break (March 23rd to 28th)!

I'm sending you a picture of your niece and nephew at the beach. The wind really blew that day but, don't worry, it hasn't blown much since. Don't you just want to come when you see the beach?

You say that you don't want to come because of our hot climate, but you don't really feel the heat when you're near the water, Sis.* When you're next to the water and the breeze blows, you don't feel the humidity. It's more humid in New York in the summer than it is here. Come down and you will see. I hope it's clear to you that I want you to come and spend time with us.

I expect to hear from you soon.

Your sister,

*Sis = Sister

4

A thought bubble showing a man at a desk thinking about another man waving; in the foreground, two women talk at an airport terminal near Gate 1 with an airplane visible outside the window

WHERE'S CARL?

Repeat the new words; then read the dialog.

Betty: I'm so glad you came. Mary: It's nice to see you, too. Betty: Why didn't Carl come with you? Mary: He hasn't felt well ever since he slipped and fell at work last month. He wants to remain in New York until he finishes his medicine and sees the doctor again. Betty: How long is his medicine going to last? Mary: It'll last about one more week. Betty: Poor Carl. Slippery floors are very dangerous. Are they going to do anything to make the floors less slippery? Mary: They're going to put in carpeting*. Betty: I'm glad they learned something from this.

*carpeting = carpet

EVER

Read the dialogs.

  1. Paul: What did you ever do about your car? Sam: I finally sold it!

  2. Jim: How did you ever get to Houston on time? Joe: I took a plane!

  3. John: How did you ever pass that test? Mark: I studied all night!

  4. Kim: Have you ever been to Europe? Ali: Yes, I've been there many times. Kim: What about you, Pat? Pat: No, I've never been there.

  5. Luke: Did you ever write to John? Tony: No, I never did. I lost his address. Luke: What about you, Andy? Andy: Yes, I wrote to him last week.

  6. Art: Do you ever wear your school jacket? Phil: No, I never wear it anymore. Art: What about you, Tim? Tim: Sure, I wear mine all the time. It's nice and warm.

  7. Sharif: Have you ever had pita* bread? Owen: No, I've never had any, but I hear it's great. Sharif: What about you, Chuck? Chuck: Yes. I eat it all the time. It's delicious.

*pita = a thin, flat bread

WHAT EVER HAPPENED TO ...?

Look at the sentences below. Ask a question about the person whose name is underlined. Use the other information to answer the question about Mary's friends and relatives.

EXAMPLES: Aunt Virginia doesn't live in New York any longer. She moved to Texas last year.

Question: What ever happened to Aunt Virginia? Answer: Well, she no longer lives in New York. Now, she lives in Texas.

Your friend Ron isn't sick any longer. He feels better now.

Question: What ever happened to your friend Ron? Answer: Well, he's no longer sick. Now, he feels better.

  1. Uncle Paul doesn't work with Carl any longer. He found another job.

  2. Mr. Ross, your neighbor, doesn't fix cars any longer. He hurt his hands.

  3. Frankie doesn't go to high school any longer. He graduated last May.

  4. Carl's friend Joe isn't single any longer. He's married now.

  5. Carl's mother isn't staying with us any longer.

  6. Mrs. Green doesn't visit us any longer. She can't drive anymore.

  7. Your friend Dorothy doesn't write you any longer. She's very busy with her new family.

  8. Mr. Sills doesn't tell funny stories any longer. He doesn't have time now.

  9. Miss Grant isn't in Spain any longer. She came back to the U.S. last week.

Reading Skill

HOW DO WE SAY IT?

Circle the letter of the word that has the same sound underlined.

EXAMPLE: laugh a. friend b. dog c. match

  1. exchange a. egg b. exercise c. escalator

  2. could a. coin b. shop c. rice

  3. caution a. shop b. chicken c. son

  4. engine a. jump b. go c. catch

  5. frequently a. quiet b. can c. key

  6. instructor a. keep b. certain c. so

  7. hose a. nose b. pass c. shop

  8. commercial a. should b. chip c. so

  9. cautious a. sharp b. check c. serve

  10. service a. feel b. big c. vehicle

  11. dish a. wrench b. shoe c. some

  12. ache a. chicken b. cake c. shop

  13. love a. bother b. vending c. up

  14. become a. cool b. receive c. teach

  15. patient a. shine b. time c. so

Vocabulary

ARE YOU EVER FRIGHTENED LIKE THAT?

Repeat the new words; then read the dialog.

Betty: It's so calm and quiet here--no noise, no problems. I just love being at the beach. Mary: I do too. I'm glad we came--except that swimming in the sea frightens me sometimes. Betty: Why is that? Mary: I think about swimming too far into the sea, where the water is really deep, and that frightens me. Betty: Everybody has unpleasant thoughts sometimes. Mary: Are you ever frightened like that? Betty: Not very often, but I occasionally worry about the kids'* swimming too far. Mary: Let's just forget about these unpleasant thoughts and enjoy the beach.

CARL WANTS TO GO FISHING.

Repeat the new words; then read the dialog.

Betty: Did you talk to Carl? Was he feeling better? Mary: Yes, much better. He said that he drove to the lake last Sunday. It was cloudy in the morning, but it cleared up in the afternoon. The day was calm and the water was clear. He could see the fish there. He can't wait until he can go fishing. Betty: His pain won't last much longer. He'll be ready to go fishing soon. Mary: We certainly hope so.

*kids = children

THE CHILDREN STAY CALM AND QUIET ONLY WHEN THEY GO TO SLEEP.

Make a sentence using the words in the boxes and the phrases below.

| stay | angry | | remain | happy | | | sad | | | calm | | | quiet | | | cool |

EXAMPLES: Mr. Williams stays calm when he drives. Joe remains quiet when everyone else is making noise.

  1. when everyone else is making noise
  2. when/sleep
  3. when/at a party
  4. during a test
  5. when/have a pain
  6. when/drive a car
  7. when/very hot
  8. when someone hurts/feelings
  9. when/do class work
  10. after someone calls/at 3:00 a.m.

Two women sitting on a couch folding laundry, surrounded by baskets of clothes

ONLY THE YELLOW ONES ARE OURS.

Repeat the new words; then read the dialog.

Betty: Mary, I could use some help. Mary: I'll be glad to help you. What do you need? Betty: None of these socks, except the yellow ones, belong to us. I think they belong to you, or I picked them up by mistake at the laundry. Mary: No. You didn't make a mistake. They belong to us. Betty: Thank you for clearing that up for me. . . . I'm so glad you decided to come. Mary: Me too, but I'm sad our visit is almost over. Tomorrow at this time we'll be back in New York. Betty: Yes, I'm sorry your visit will be over, too. Can you come back next year?

Grammar

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

If Clause Main Clause
If the weather's good, we drive
we're driving
we'll drive
we're going to drive
Main Clause If Clause
Tom can/could
may/might
should
must/has to
is able to
Main Clause If Clause
Can/could you
Will/would you
Are you going to		 read my paper
If Clause Main Clause
If you finish early, how will you tell me?
what will you do?
where are you going?

Conditional sentences have two parts: the if-clause and the main clause. One type of conditional sentence is used to show what may/will happen in the present/future if a certain condition happens. When the if-clause has the present tense, the main clause uses the present or future tense. Note that the if-clause may come before or after the main clause.

IF WE GO TO THE BEACH, WE'LL HAVE A GOOD TIME.

Two young men talking inside a room while looking out towards a beach scene

Read the dialog.

Bob: Let's go to the beach Saturday if the weather's good. Don: If it's raining Saturday, we can go Sunday.

Bob: I won't be able to go if I have to work Sunday. Don: If we don't go this weekend, we can always go later.

Bob: If we wait, we may not have good weather. Don: You're right. We should go Saturday if we can.

PATTERNS:

  1. If you speed, you will get a ticket.
  2. Mike must go if he has a reservation.
  3. If the telephone rings, can you answer it?

IF YOU CAN'T DRIVE YOUR CAR, I'LL DRIVE MINE.

Make a new sentence. Use if.

Examples: Tom can't go. Let's ask Mark. If Tom can't go, let's ask Mark.

We can ask Ken. Mark can't go. We can ask Ken if Mark can't go.

  1. Don: I'd like to go to North Beach. It's not crowded. Bob: A lot of people are there. We can go to South Beach.

  2. Don: I won't be able to drive. My dad needs the car. Bob: He does. We can use mine.

  3. Don: Okay. You drive. I'll buy the gas. Bob: I'll buy some soft drinks. I have enough money.

  4. Don: Do you think Tom will come? We ask him. Bob: He may. He doesn't have to study.

  5. Don: I can remember. I'll call and ask him tonight. Bob: You forget. I'll talk to him in class tomorrow.

IF BOB AND DON BUY SODAS, THEY CAN BUY PAPER CUPS.

Bob and Don want to buy food for their trip to the beach. They only have $5.00 to spend. They've written the prices next to the things on their list. What can they buy?

SHOPPING LIST
sodas $2.50
potato chips $1.35
corn chips $1.40
paper cups $1.10
bread $ .80
meat $2.75
fruit $2.00
ice $ .75
cookies $1.75

Look at the list and make a sentence. Use if.

EXAMPLES: sodas/potato chips If they buy sodas, they can buy potato chips, too. They can get sodas if they get potato chips.

sodas and potato chips/corn chips If they get sodas and potato chips, they can't get corn chips. They can't buy sodas and potato chips if they buy corn chips.

  1. sodas and ice/paper cups
  2. sodas and fruit/paper cups
  3. bread and meat/potato chips
  4. sodas/meat
  5. fruit/cookies
  6. meat and bread/fruit
  7. potato chips/meat
  8. cookies/bread and meat
  9. paper cups and ice/sodas and corn chips

IF THEY BUY SODAS AND PAPER CUPS, CAN THEY BUY ICE?

Ask and answer questions about the shopping list. Use if.

EXAMPLES: fruit/meat Q: Can they buy fruit if they buy meat? If they buy fruit, can they buy meat, too? A: Yes, they can.

fruit/cookies and corn chips Q: Can they get fruit if they get cookies and corn chips? If they get fruit, can they get cookies and corn chips, too? A: No, they can't.

  1. meat/bread and potato chips

  2. potato chips and corn chips/cookies

  3. bread and fruit/sodas and ice

  4. potato chips and bread/fruit and ice

  5. sodas, ice, and paper cups/anything else

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF KEN PASSES THE TRUCK?

Ask and answer questions about the pictures. Use the underlined words and if.

EXAMPLE:

A car driving behind a large box truck on a two-lane road going uphill; another car is approaching from the opposite direction over the hill crest Ken wants to try to pass the truck. He can't see over the hill. He'll hit the other car.

Q: What will happen if Ken tries to pass the truck? A: If Ken tries to pass the truck, he'll hit the other car.

Q: If Ken doesn't try to pass the truck, what will happen? A: Ken won't hit the other car if he doesn't try to pass the truck.

  1. #1 A car driving down a road towards a movie theater with a policeman standing near the entrance watching the car Grace should slow down. The policeman will give her a ticket.

  2. #2 A woman walking carefully across an icy patch of pavement while two men watch her Carmen has to be careful. She may slip on the ice and fall.

  1. #3 Children standing near a school bus while the driver gets in Jim and Ted might have to walk to school. They need to hurry.

  2. #4 A man standing at a checkout counter with a bag of groceries, reaching into his pocket while the cashier waits Bob doesn't think that he has enough cash. He will have to write a check.

Reading Skill

THE WORD MAY BE . . . IS NOT . . . IS . . .

Read the sentence. Use the other words in the sentence to find what the underlined word means. Write may be, is not, or is on the line.

EXAMPLE: a. Bill uses a locker.
may be a small closet.
may be a paint brush.
may be a basketball.

b. Bill uses a locker at the gym.
may be a small closet.
is not a paint brush.
may be a basketball.

c. Bill uses a locker at the gym to keep his clothes in while he swims.
is a small closet.
is not a paint brush.
is not a basketball.

  1. a. Mark went to a stadium.

    ___________ a shopping center.
    ___________ a place to watch sports.
    ___________ an airport.

    b. Mark went to a stadium and bought a ticket.

    ___________ a shopping center.
    ___________ a place to watch sports.
    ___________ an airport.

    c. Mark went to a stadium and bought a ticket for a football game.

    ___________ a shopping center.
    ___________ a place to watch sports.
    ___________ an airport.

  2. a. Ellen bought a candle.

    ___________ something to make light.
    ___________ something to sit on.
    ___________ something to drive.

    b. Ellen bought a candle for the house.

    ___________ something to make light.
    ___________ something to sit on.
    ___________ something to drive.

    c. Ellen bought a candle for the house for whenever the lights go out.

    ___________ something to make light.
    ___________ something to sit on.
    ___________ something to drive.

  1. a. Tom has a condominium.

    ___________ a headache.
    ___________ a job.
    ___________ an apartment.

    b. Tom has a condominium in California.

    ___________ a headache.
    ___________ a job.
    ___________ an apartment.

    c. Tom has a condominium in California which he lives in during the summers.

    ___________ a headache.
    ___________ a job.
    ___________ an apartment.

Function

IF THAT HAPPENS, ....

Repeat the dialog; then read it.

Jack: The weather's awful. If you're leaving, you should leave soon.
Paul: Well, I expect to leave at noon if it clears up.
Jack: If it starts freezing, it'll be dangerous.
Paul: Right, but the police will close the roads if it gets too bad.
Jack: What'll you do if that happens?
Paul: Well, if they do that, I'll stop until it clears up.

WHAT'LL YOU DO IF . . . ?

Repeat the dialog; then read it.

Bob: If you go on vacation this year, where do you think you'll go?
Bill: If I go in the summer, I'll go to the beach.
Bob: Where will you go if you go in the winter?
Bill: Well, if that happens, then I'll go to the mountains.
Bob: If you do that, I'd like to go with you.
Bill: It'll be great if we can go together.

IF . . . , I'LL . . . . / I'LL . . . IF . . . .

Listen and repeat.

  1. If my friend doesn't like it, can I bring it back?
    Can I bring it back if my friend doesn't like it?

  2. If you keep your sales slip, you can bring this back.
    You can bring this back if you keep your sales slip.

  3. There's a hundred-dollar deposit if you have a dog.
    If you have a dog, there's a 100-dollar deposit.

  4. Do I have to pay the deposit if I have a bird?
    If I have a bird, do I have to pay the deposit?

  5. What will happen if I don't do well on this test?
    If I don't do well on this test, what will happen?

  6. If you don't pass, you'll have to take it again.
    You'll have to take it again if you don't pass.

IF YOU THINK ABOUT IT, YOU'LL ANSWER CORRECTLY.

Match the clause in Column A with the clause in Column B to make a complete, correct sentence. Write the letter in the blank next to the number. Number 1 has been done as an example.

Column A Column B
b 1. You shouldn't drive in the mountains a. if the day is hot and humid.
______ 2. If you can swim well, b. if dangerous roads frighten you.
______ 3. Don't expect to pass c. you should start studying your French.
______ 4. The roads shouldn't be slippery d. you may break a bone.
______ 5. If you expect to go to France, e. you can swim in deep water.
______ 6. If we have to stay after class, f. please take a message.
______ 7. If you ever see that movie, g. if you sleep during class.
______ 8. A cold drink tastes great h. if it doesn't rain.
______ 9. If you slip on the ice, i. you'll never forget it.
______ 10. If someone calls, j. we can't go to the beach this afternoon.

WHAT MIGHT/WILL/CAN HAPPEN IF . . . ?

One student uses the words to ask a question. Another student uses the same words in his answer. Use the following patterns:

What might happen if . . . ? What will happen if . . . ? What can happen if . . . ?

EXAMPLE:
S1: What might happen if you lose your airplane ticket for home?
S2: If I lose my airplane ticket for home, I might call my government to send another one.

  1. books fall in the lake
  2. don't have money
  3. lose your wallet
  4. break someone's window
  5. have a car accident
  6. slip on the stairs
  7. win a million dollars
  8. find a gold ring
  9. class is cancelled
  10. get a promotion

Writing Skill

READ AND LISTEN. TAKE NOTES. SUMMARIZE.

Read the paragraphs.
Listen to questions.
Take notes on the answers.
Summarize the paragraphs from the notes.

FEEL GOOD AND LOOK GREAT!

Do you want to feel healthy and look better? Here are five things you can do. First, eat fruits and vegetables every day. Second, drink a lot of water. Third, exercise every day. Next, get enough sleep every night. Last, and most importantly, think happy thoughts. If you do these five things, you will feel better and look better in a short time.

Notes on answers to questions:

  1. __________________________________________________________________

  2. __________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________

  3. __________________________________________________________________

CHEWING GUM

Do you know how to make chewing gum? First, you take the juice, "chicle," from the gum (or "sapodilla") tree. This tree grows in places with warm climates like Mexico and Central America. Next, you heat the juice to clean it. Then, you add sugar, color, and flavor. When the juice cools, it becomes hard. You can cut it into pieces or balls. Then you cover the balls with candy. The juice from the gum tree is now chewing gum!

Notes on answers to questions:

  1. __________________________________________________________________

  2. __________________________________________________________________

  3. __________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________

  4. __________________________________________________________________

  5. __________________________________________________________________

IT'S A FAVORITE SNACK!

In 1860, Santa Ana, a Mexican general, brought chewing gum into the United States. People liked it very much. It was easy to make. They made it in their homes. At first, people used the gum from different trees. Then, for many years they made chewing gum from "chicle," the juice of the gum (or "sapodilla") tree. They thought this juice made the best chewing gum. Around 1950 people started using a different juice called "sorbitol". This new juice is sweet. It became very popular because it is better for people's teeth than sugar. Today gum is still a favorite snack in the United States.

Notes on answers to oral questions:

  1. __________________________________________________________________

  2. __________________________________________________________________

  3. __________________________________________________________________

  4. __________________________________________________________________

  5. __________________________________________________________________

Writing Skill

READ AND LISTEN. UNDERLINE AND NUMBER.

Read the paragraphs.
Listen to the questions.
Underline and number the answers.

EXAMPLE: People go to the beach in the summer. They go
                                1
because they want to swim and get some sun and fresh
                                2
air. It's also fun to rest on the beach on a calm,
                                2
clear day.

  1. The storm was a bad one. It blew down an old house. It also broke house and car windows. The rain filled the roads and low water crossings with water. Lights, clocks, and radios stopped working. The storm lasted two days.

  2. If the weather clears up soon, we can go on our vacation. We plan to take our boat into the deep sea where the water is calm and clear and the cool breeze blows.

  3. The breeze that blows from the south part of Texas is a calm, quiet one. It brings warm, humid weather that is good for vegetables and fruits. This south Texas ocean breeze keeps vegetables and fruits from freezing in the winter.

Grammar

PRESENT PERFECT

I
We
You
They		 have
haven't		 studied all afternoon.
He
She		 has
hasn't
Have I
we
you
they		 studied all afternoon?
Has he
she

The present perfect tense is formed with have or has + the past participle of the verb. With regular verbs, the past participle is formed by adding -ed to the verb. With irregular verbs, the past participle changes its form. For examples of past participles of irregular verbs, look at Appendix C in the back of your book.

COMPARISON OF PAST TENSE AND PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
We use past tense to describe situations that happened at a definite time in the past.
We use present perfect tense to describe situations that have happened at an indefinite time (or times) in the past, or situations that have begun in the past and have continued to the present.

Grammar

HOW LONG HAS THE ENGINE SOUNDED LIKE THIS?

Read the dialogs.

  1. Dale: How long has your car's engine sounded this way? Gene: I've heard that noise for a week or two, I guess.

    Dale: How long has it been since someone put oil in it? Gene: I don't think anyone has done it for several months.

  2. Lynn: This skirt has gotten tighter every week! Gwen: Have you washed it often since you bought it?

    Lynn: No, I haven't. I've dry-cleaned it since it was new. Gwen: Well, maybe you've eaten too much since then.

PATTERNS:

  1. Pam has had that library book for a month.
  2. Jack has been in Los Angeles since last summer.
  3. The Millers have had their house for five years.

PHIL HAS LIVED THERE FOR TWO YEARS.

Read the sentences.

  1. Phil lived in Chicago for two years. He doesn't live there now.
  2. Phil has lived in Houston for two years. He still lives there.
  3. Phil has lived in Houston since 1985. He still lives there.

LT ELTON HASN'T GOTTEN A NEW UNIFORM SINCE LAST YEAR.

Complete the sentence. Use the present perfect tense. Look at the examples.

EXAMPLES: Edna has known Dave for 20 years. (know)

Rose and Adam have not taken any tests this week. (not take)

Has Marta eaten anything this morning? (eat)

  1. _____ Emily _____ her medicine today? (take)

  2. Joe _____ Paul's secret for 11 years. (know)

  3. Henry _____ Spanish since he left Spain. (not speak)

  4. Iris _____ magazine articles for many years. (write)

  5. Sidney _____ the same car since he was 18. (drive)

  6. We _____ at Ernie's Place since last summer. (not eat)

  7. _____ Sal _____ the same dress everywhere she's been? (wear)

  8. Erica _____ earaches every winter for 8 years. (get)

  9. Chuck _____ his homework since he broke his elbow. (not do)

  10. _____ Al _____ for Sky Way Airlines since he left the Air Force? (fly)

FRED HAS FLOWN FAST AIRPLANES FOR FOURTEEN YEARS.

In the present perfect tense, we use for to show how long something lasted, and since to show when something began.

FOR SINCE
15 minutes
several hours
five days
two weeks
six months
three years		 8:30
yesterday
a week ago
last week
June
1990

Make a new sentence. Use the present perfect tense and words from the boxes above. Look at the examples.

EXAMPLES: Charles drives a taxi in Chicago. Charles has driven a taxi in Chicago for three years.

Those salesmen don't work here. Those salesmen haven't worked here since June.

  1. Frank feels sick.

  2. Dick and Jane want a dog.

  3. The baby is not sleeping well.

  4. Anne intends to take a vacation.

  5. Cory does not exercise regularly.

  6. The students use these books.

HAS KEVIN WORKED HERE FOR A LONG TIME?

Read the dialog silently. Then ask and answer a question about the dialog. Use the underlined word.

EXAMPLES: Ted: How do you like Houston? Lee: I'm not sure. I've just lived here since May.

Q: Has Ted lived in Houston since May? A: Yes, he has.

Lee: Have you been here for a long time? Ted: No, I've only lived in Houston for a year.

Q: Has Ted lived in Houston for a long time? A: No, he hasn't. He's only lived there for a year.

  1. Mike: Have you known Trudy very long? Luis: I've known her since she was a child.

  2. Mike: Dale says he's known Trudy for a long time too. Luis: That's not true. He met her at the beach last month.

  3. Kate: How long have you and Ron owned this house? Jane: Not long. Just since last summer.

  4. Jane: Did you and Joe buy your house when you got married? Kate: Yes. We've owned it since 1982.

  5. Al: How have you felt this week? Ed: Not good. I've been tired for several days.

  6. Al: How have you felt since you started going to the gym? Ed: I've felt great since I started going there every day.

DAISY AND DONALD HAVE NEEDED A NEW CAR FOR YEARS.

Read the paragraphs. Then ask and answer questions about the sentences. Start the question with the word that your teacher gives you. Use the present perfect tense.

EXAMPLE: Donald has needed a new car for many years. (who) Q: Who has needed a new car for many years? A: Donald.

(1) Daisy and Donald have wanted to buy a new car for a long time. (2) They have driven Donald's old car since they were married. (3) During the last year, they've had large auto repair bills almost every month.

(4) For the last few weeks, they have thought about borrowing the money to buy a new car. (5) They have talked for several days with Hubert D. Louis.

(6) Hubert is a nephew of Donald's who has worked at the Golden State Bank for 20 years. (7) He has known Donald and Daisy since he was a child.

(8) Donald and Daisy have lived in Los Angeles near Hubert and his brothers for many years (9) and have always worked for the Easy Entertainment Company.

Hubert has felt that his uncle's old car was too crowded ever since Donald got it. He is happy to lend Donald and Daisy the money for a new one.

Reading Skill

SUMMARIES

Read each paragraph. Write a summary.

EXAMPLE: When the weather stays very cold for a long time, large pieces of ice cover parts of the world. These big pieces of ice move and break mountains and trees. They push the earth and the mountains to other places. They change the land and the way it looks.

SUMMARY: Large pieces of ice cover parts of the world when the weather stays cold. This ice can change the land and the way it looks.

  1. During the last part of the 1800's, people in the United States and Switzerland made machines that could make clocks. These machines made clocks faster and cheaper than men could. They made many different kinds of clocks. Some were alarm clocks. Others told the day, month, and year as well as the time.

SUMMARY:

  1. Man needs machines to help him study the things that live and grow in the ocean. There have been several machines made in the past, but man couldn't make a careful study using them. Today we have a better machine to help us study the ocean. It's a vehicle which, like an automobile, can move to the places we want to study under water. It has large windows which make it easy to see, and it can stay underwater a long time.

SUMMARY:

HOMEWORK FOR BOOK 12 LESSON 1

A. Complete the dialogs with the words in the boxes.

| blew | calm | freezing | | blown | dangerous | frightened | | blows | during | slippery |

  1. John: The wind really ________ hard last night.
    Mary: Yes, it's ________ like that all week.
    John: And it's so cold! It's ________ outside!
    Mary: It's always cold ________ the winter. The wind ________ hard, and the streets get ________ because they're so ________ from the ice and snow.
    John: I know. I'm always ________ when I'm driving on snow. It's hard to stay ________.

| beach | expect | humidity | | clear | heat | unpleasant | | climate | | |

  1. Tom: What's the ________ like in your country?
    Jim: It's usually nice, but sometimes it's ________.
    Tom: I didn't ________ to hear that. I've heard you can go swimming on the ________ every day and the skies are ________.
    Tom: That's true, but occasionally the ________ and ________ are terrible.

B. Select the best answer. Circle a, b, or c.

  1. Jon: Is the movie that you were watching finished?
    Paul: Yes, it ________ about 15 minutes ago.
    a. was out
    b. was over
    c. was down

  2. Jon: How long was it?
    Paul: It ________ about three hours.
    a. remained
    b. slipped
    c. lasted

  3. Gene: Is Linda still in Italy?
    Lynn: Yes, she wants to ________ there until the course ends in December.
    a. remain
    b. slip
    c. last

  4. Ted: What happened to Paul?
    Joe: He ________ on the wet floor and broke his arm.
    a. remained
    b. slipped
    c. lasted

  5. Hans: Excuse me, is the meeting going to begin at 5:00 or at 5:30?
    Mark: At 5:30.
    Hans: Thank you for ________ for me.
    a. clearing that up
    b. remaining that in
    c. expecting that to

  6. Ann: Are these your magazines?
    Rick: They're not mine. They ________ to Pat.
    a. blow
    b. stay
    c. belong

  7. You did great! ________ of your answers is wrong.
    a. Every
    b. None
    c. All

  8. Lou: It's so hot and ________ today.
    Ann: Yes, the rain last night made things worse.
    a. humid
    b. heat
    c. dry

  9. Jake: Did everyone go to school?
    Kim: Yes, everyone ________ Kathy. She's sick, remember?
    a. ever
    b. expect
    c. except

  10. Walt: Do you ever go to the movies?
    Jim: ________. I go a few times a year.
    a. Never
    b. Occasionally
    c. Frequently

  11. Jake: How ________ is the river?
    Walt: About 15 ft.
    a. deep
    b. thick
    c. tall

  12. Kate: Is the water still cold?
    Mike: Yes, it's ________ outside.
    a. deep
    b. freezing
    c. humid

  13. After it snowed, the roads were ________.
    a. clear
    b. hot
    c. slippery

  14. It's very ________ when you drive on an icy road.
    a. dangerous
    b. easy
    c. frightened

  15. Tim: Where are you going on your vacation?
    Dan: I want to go to the ________ and enjoy the beach.
    a. wind
    b. mountains
    c. sea

C. Answer the questions. Look at the example.

EXAMPLE: Has George ever been to Mexico? (no/never/ever)
No, George has never been to Mexico.
No, George hasn't ever been to Mexico.

  1. Does John ever go to the movies? (yes/sometimes/occasionally)
  1. Does Donald ever drink coffee? (no/ever/never)
  1. Has Tom ever had a vacation? (no/ever/never)

D. Write a statement (.) or a question (?) in the present perfect tense. Use for or since.

EXAMPLES: Bert/know/Kevin/long time (?)
Has Bert known Kevin for a long time?

Lt. Sims/not know/teacher/very long (.)
Lt Sims hasn't known his teacher for very long.

  1. The Millers/live/Canada/1981 (?)
  1. Les/not see/brother/seven years (.)
  1. Ruth/get up/5:00/every morning/30 years (.)
  1. Lisa/play tennis/only six months (?)
  1. The children/not go to the movies/last month (.)

E. Match the clause in Column A with the clause in Column B to make a complete, correct sentence. Write the letter in the blank next to the number. Number 1 has been done as an example.

Column A Column B
f 1. If you don't want to have an accident, a. you should use your turn signal.
_____ 2. If you run a red light, b. they could be slippery.
_____ 3. If you change lanes, c. call the police.
_____ 4. If you don't break the law, d. you won't get a ticket.
_____ 5. If the roads are wet, e. you may hit another car in the intersection.
_____ 6. If you have an accident, f. you shouldn't drive carelessly.

F. Change the affirmative sentence to a negative sentence. Use the word in ( ).

EXAMPLE: Mary likes to swim if the water's warm. (cold)
Mary doesn't like to swim if the water's cold.

  1. I can understand you if you speak slowly. (fast)
  1. Mary will finish a book if it's interesting. (boring)
  1. You should live near the sea if you like a humid climate. (dry)

G. Read the dialog and write two new sentences.

EXAMPLE:
Ann: Can I cash a check?
Clerk: If you have some identification.

Ann can cash a check if she has some identification.
If Ann has some identification, she can cash a check.

  1. Don: Will Tom be able to pass the test?
    Dan: If he studies.
  1. Sally: Is Dennis going to come to work today? David: Not if he's sick.
  1. Carl: Do you want to take the boat? Jean: If the water's calm.

H. Change the sentence to a question. Use the word in ( ).

EXAMPLE: The girls will go to the beach if it's clear. (cloudy) Will the girls go to the beach if it's cloudy?

  1. You have to stop if the light is red. (yellow)
  1. We can turn right if this is a two-way street. (one-way)
  1. Ed will come to the party if Sam is going to be there. (Lisa)
  1. Customers should call the manager if they're dissatisfied. (satisfied)

I. Write a question. The underlined word will answer the question. Use questions words like who, when, where, what, whose, how, etc.

EXAMPLES: If Don remembers, he will ask Tom to go with them. If Don remembers, who will he ask to go with them?

Hilda has lived in China for a year. Who has lived in China for a year?

  1. The boys will go to South Beach if North Beach is crowded.
  1. Tom's aunt and uncle have rented the house for ten years.
  1. They'll use Bob's car if they can't use Don's.
  1. The students haven't had a good meal since they left home.
  1. If Bob has to work Saturday, they'll go Sunday.

J. Read the sentence. Use the other words in the sentence to find the meaning of the underlined word. Write may be, is not, or is on the line.

  1. a. Jim refused the lemon pie.

    Refused ________ said he did not want any ________ said he wanted more ________ said he cooked it

    b. Jim refused the lemon pie when Tom offered it.

    Refused ________ said he did not want any ________ said he wanted more ________ said he cooked it

    c. Jim refused the lemon pie when Tom offered it because lemon makes Jim sick.

    Refused ________ said he did not want any ________ said he wanted more ________ said he cooked it

K. Circle the letter of the word that has the same sound underlined.

  1. machine a. shine b. choice c. key

  2. kick a. clean b. sleeve c. quiet

  3. dangerous a. jump b. green c. choice

  4. except a. eggs b. excuse c. escalator

L. Read the paragraph. Write the topic, main idea, and give it a title.

A checkup by a dentist two times a year is important to keep your teeth healthy and strong. The dentist or his helper will clean your teeth and check them. He will work on any problem you have. Then, he will tell you to brush your teeth often and not to eat foods that have a lot of sugar in them. A visit to the dentist every 6 months is good for your health.

TOPIC: ____________________________________________________

MAIN IDEA: ____________________________________________________

TITLE: ____________________________________________________

M. Read the paragraph. Write a summary.

Did you put some coins in a machine to buy gum or a can of soda today? Then you used a vending machine. People began to use vending machines in the United States in the 1890s, and could buy gum, stamps, and peanuts from these machines at train stations. Then in the 1900s, people could buy drinks and other foods from vending machines. Today, vending machines can sell some unusual things such as toys and stockings, and some machines can even talk.

SUMMARY: ____________________________________________________

EVALUATION EXERCISES FOR BOOK 12 LESSON 1

A. Listen to a question and some cues. Answer the question with the cues. Use if in your answers.

B. Read the paragraph. Listen to the questions. Underline and number the answers.

People who can't swim are usually frightened of deep water. The sea looks deep and dangerous to them. They may like the beach and like walking in the water when it is calm, but they are afraid to go too far out.

C. Use and, but, or, so, or if to complete the sentences.

  1. We'll go to the beach ____________ it doesn't rain.
  2. The temperature is freezing, ____________ the water hasn't frozen.
  3. ____________ it is quiet, the baby will sleep.
  4. The roads are icy ____________ dangerous, ____________ you should be careful.
  5. We have to decide. We can go now ____________ later.
  6. We went to the beach, ____________ we swam in the ocean.
  7. He usually stays late, ____________ he's not staying late today.
  8. The streets are slippery ____________ they get wet.
  9. The child was frightened, ____________ we turned on the light.
  10. Choose one ____________ the other. You can't have both.

D. Read the sentence. Use the other words in the sentence to find the meaning of the underlined word. Write may be, is not, or is on the line.

  1. a. Jim retired at age 45.

    Retired ____________ stopped smoking ____________ stopped exercising ____________ stopped working

    b. Jim rested after he retired at age 45.

    Retired ____________ stopped smoking ____________ stopped exercising ____________ stopped working

    c. Jim kept busy after he retired from his job at age 45.

    Retired ____________ stopped smoking ____________ stopped exercising ____________ stopped working

E. Circle the correct answer.

  1. Jim and Jane haven't ____________. a. go to a movie in weeks b. see a movie in weeks c. been to a movie in weeks

  2. Tom: How long have you lived there? Jim: ____________ 10 years. a. I'm living there now b. I've lived there for c. I've lived there since

  3. John hasn't ____________ a new car in 5 years. a. bought b. buy c. get

  4. How long has it been ____________ Ann? a. for you see b. since you've seen c. you see

  5. Occasionally, Sam has ____________ after work. a. remained b. stay c. remain

  6. It looks like the wind has ____________ away the clouds. a. blow b. blew c. blown

  7. Bill: How long has the program lasted? Mary: It ____________ two weeks. a. has lasted for b. lasts for c. has lasted since

  8. Hal hasn't ____________ Friday. a. be here since b. been here since c. to be here for

F. Match Column A and Column B to make sentences.

Column A Column B
1. I haven't a. or I can go in the winter.
2. If I go in the summer, b. if I go in the winter.
3. I can go in the summer, c. decided when to take my vacation yet.
4. When do you think d. I should go?
5. But I will enjoy the snow e. I can enjoy the sun at the beach.

Now put them in order and make a paragraph.

G. Circle the letter of the word with the same sound underlined.

  1. freeze a. loose b. lose c. shine

  2. check a. Chicago b. chicken c. show

  3. peas a. peace b. teach c. pays

  4. once a. won b. own c. on

H. Read the paragraph. Then write the topic, main idea, and give it a title.

We don't know when man first began to use salt, but we do know that people still use it in different ways today. It is used by businesses to make glass, soap, airplane parts, some kinds of medicine, and many other things. Sometimes cities that have bad winters put salt on roads and highways to remove the ice. At home, people usually use it only to make food taste better.

TOPIC: ____________________________________________________________________

MAIN IDEA: ________________________________________________________________

TITLE: ____________________________________________________________________

I. Read the paragraph. Then write a summary of it.

Newspapers are important because they contain a lot of information. Millions of people read newspapers everyday, but how do they get their newspapers? There are different ways. One way is to buy it at a newsstand or at a store. Another way is to get it from a vending machine. A third way is to have it brought to your home.

SUMMARY: _________________________________________________________________

EVALUATION EXERCISES FOR BOOK 12 LESSON 2

A. Listen to a question and a word. Answer the question. Use already, yet, or never in your answer.

B. Circle the letter of the word that sounds different.

  1. a b c
  2. a b c
  3. a b c
  4. a b c
  5. a b c
  6. a b c
  7. a b c
  8. a b c

C. Read the paragraph. Listen to some questions. Underline and number the answers in the paragraph.

The decision to retire is not difficult for most people. They have worked hard all their lives, and now they want to relax and enjoy some free time. Some plan to travel. Others may have another job waiting for them. Most people like the idea of retiring.

D. Combine the two sentences. Use so or or in your answer.

  1. He completed his course. He got a diploma.
  2. Sal could go to the technical school. She could go to the university.
  3. The airman chose the Air Force. He could be a pilot.
  4. Joyce could teach in high school. She could teach in elementary school.
  5. Herb wanted his master's degree. He went back to school.
  6. They wanted to discuss the problem. They met at lunch.
  7. Bart could retire. He could keep working.
  8. Fran turned down the new job. She went back to school.

E. Select the answer, a, b, or c, that is the meaning of the underlined word.

  1. They remodeled their house by building two more rooms. a. cleaned b. bought c. changed

  2. Meg found the solution to her problems in the education office at the university. The people there helped her a lot. a. the answer b. the discussion c. the cause

F. Match Harry's questions and Kevin's answers.

HARRY KEVIN
_____ 1. Instead of the one in Houston? Why did you do that? a. I haven't made up my mind yet. I'll have to look at apartments.
_____ 2. Where are you going to live in Austin? b. I've decided to take the one in Austin.
_____ 3. You'll enjoy the university. When do you plan to leave? c. Because the pay is better, and I can take some courses at the university there.
_____ 4. Hi, Kevin. What have you decided to do about the job offers? d. Sometime next month.

Now put the dialog in order.

G. Complete the sentences with so, or, and, or but.

  1. They expected him to turn the job down, _____ his refusal of it was not news to them.
  2. He got a diploma from the university in June, _____ he got a diploma from the technical school in December.
  3. Bill wanted his master's degree, _____ he couldn't go back to school.
  4. His vacation was over, _____ he went home.
  5. Mary could study at the college, _____ she could take courses at the university.
  6. You may continue working on your assignment, _____ you may go home.

H. Read the paragraph and give an oral summary of it.

Education is very important, but when you work at a job you often learn more than you do in school. Professionals will tell you they learned more about their profession during their first year at work than in all their years in college. So, while still in college, students should try to work in their field. The experience they get will help them decide if they like the field, and it will help them find a job later.

ORAL SUMMARY:

HOMEWORK FOR BOOK 12 LESSON 1

A. Complete the dialogs with the words in the boxes.
blew calm freezing
blown dangerous frightened
blows during slippery
  1. John: The wind really ________ hard last night. Mary: Yes, it's ________ like that all week. John: And it's so cold! It's ________ outside! Mary: It's always cold ________ the winter. The wind ________ hard, and the streets get ________ because they're so ________ from the ice and snow. John: I know. I'm always ________ when I'm driving on snow. It's hard to stay ________.
beach expect humidity
clear heat unpleasant
climate
  1. Tom: What's the ________ like in your country? Jim: It's usually nice, but sometimes it's ________. Tom: I didn't ________ to hear that. I've heard you can go swimming on the ________ every day and the skies are ________. Tom: That's true, but occasionally the ________ and ________ are terrible.

B. Select the best answer. Circle a, b, or c.

  1. Jon: Is the movie that you were watching finished? Paul: Yes, it ________ about 15 minutes ago. a. was out b. was over c. was down

  2. Jon: How long was it? Paul: It ________ about three hours. a. remained b. slipped c. lasted

  3. Gene: Is Linda still in Italy? Lynn: Yes, she wants to ________ there until the course ends in December. a. remain b. slip c. last

  4. Ted: What happened to Paul? Joe: He ________ on the wet floor and broke his arm. a. remained b. slipped c. lasted

  5. Hans: Excuse me, is the meeting going to begin at 5:00 or at 5:30? Mark: At 5:30. Hans: Thank you for ________ for me. a. clearing that up b. remaining that in c. expecting that to

  6. Ann: Are these your magazines? Rick: They're not mine. They ________ to Pat. a. blow b. stay c. belong

  7. You did great! ________ of your answers is wrong. a. Every b. None c. All

  8. Lou: It's so hot and ________ today. Ann: Yes, the rain last night made things worse. a. humid b. heat c. dry

  9. Jake: Did everyone go to school? Kim: Yes, everyone ________ Kathy. She's sick, remember? a. ever b. expect c. except

  10. Walt: Do you ever go to the movies? Jim: ________. I go a few times a year. a. Never b. Occasionally c. Frequently

  11. Jake: How ________ is the river? Walt: About 15 ft. a. deep b. thick c. tall

  12. Kate: Is the water still cold? Mike: Yes, it's ________ outside. a. deep b. freezing c. humid

  13. After it snowed, the roads were ________. a. clear b. hot c. slippery

  14. It's very ________ when you drive on an icy road. a. dangerous b. easy c. frightened

  15. Tim: Where are you going on your vacation? Dan: I want to go to the ________ and enjoy the beach. a. wind b. mountains c. sea

C. Answer the questions. Look at the example.

EXAMPLE: Has George ever been to Mexico? (no/never/ever) No, George has never been to Mexico. No, George hasn't ever been to Mexico.

  1. Does John ever go to the movies? (yes/sometimes/occasionally)
  1. Does Donald ever drink coffee? (no/ever/never)
  1. Has Tom ever had a vacation? (no/ever/never)

D. Write a statement (.) or a question (?) in the present perfect tense. Use for or since.

EXAMPLES: Bert/know/Kevin/long time (?) Has Bert known Kevin for a long time?

Lt. Sims/not know/teacher/very long (.) Lt. Sims hasn't known his teacher for very long.

  1. The Millers/live/Canada/1981 (?)
  1. Les/not see/brother/seven years (.)

  1. Ruth/get up/5:00/every morning/30 years (.)

  2. Lisa/play tennis/only six months (?)

  3. The children/not go to the movies/last month (.)

E. Match the clause in Column A with the clause in Column B to make a complete, correct sentence. Write the letter in the blank next to the number. Number 1 has been done as an example.

Column A Column B
f 1. If you don't want to have an accident, a. you should use your turn signal.
______ 2. If you run a red light, b. they could be slippery.
______ 3. If you change lanes, c. call the police.
______ 4. If you don't break the law, d. you won't get a ticket.
______ 5. If the roads are wet, e. you may hit another car in the intersection.
______ 6. If you have an accident, f. you shouldn't drive carelessly.
HW-5

F. Change the affirmative sentence to a negative sentence. Use the word in ( ).

EXAMPLE: Mary likes to swim if the water's warm. (cold)
Mary doesn't like to swim if the water's cold.

  1. I can understand you if you speak slowly. (fast)

  2. Mary will finish a book if it's interesting. (boring)

  3. You should live near the sea if you like a humid climate. (dry)

G. Read the dialog and write two new sentences.

EXAMPLE: Ann: Can I cash a check?
Clerk: If you have some identification.

Ann can cash a check if she has some identification.

If Ann has some identification, she can cash a check.

  1. Don: Will Tom be able to pass the test?
    Dan: If he studies.

HW-6

  1. Sally: Is Dennis going to come to work today?
    David: Not if he's sick.

  2. Carl: Do you want to take the boat?
    Jean: If the water's calm.

H. Change the sentence to a question. Use the word in ( ).

EXAMPLE: The girls will go to the beach if it's clear. (cloudy)
Will the girls go to the beach if it's cloudy?

  1. You have to stop if the light is red. (yellow)

  2. We can turn right if this is a two-way street. (one-way)

  3. Ed will come to the party if Sam is going to be there. (Lisa)

  4. Customers should call the manager if they're dissatisfied. (satisfied)

HW-7

I. Write a question. The underlined word will answer the question. Use questions words like who, when, where, what, whose, how, etc.

EXAMPLES: If Don remembers, he will ask Tom to go with them.
If Don remembers, who will he ask to go with them?

Hilda has lived in China for a year.
Who has lived in China for a year?

  1. The boys will go to South Beach if North Beach is crowded.

  2. Tom's aunt and uncle have rented the house for ten years.

  3. They'll use Bob's car if they can't use Don's.

  4. The students haven't had a good meal since they left home.

  5. If Bob has to work Saturday, they'll go Sunday.

HW-8

J. Read the sentence. Use the other words in the sentence to find the meaning of the underlined word. Write may be, is not, or is on the line.

  1. a. Jim refused the lemon pie.
    Refused

    __________ said he did not want any
    __________ said he wanted more
    __________ said he cooked it

    b. Jim refused the lemon pie when Tom offered it.
    Refused

    __________ said he did not want any
    __________ said he wanted more
    __________ said he cooked it

    c. Jim refused the lemon pie when Tom offered it because lemon makes Jim sick.
    Refused

    __________ said he did not want any
    __________ said he wanted more
    __________ said he cooked it

K. Circle the letter of the word that has the same sound underlined.

  1. machine
    a. shine
    b. choice
    c. key

  2. kick
    a. clean
    b. sleeve
    c. quiet

  3. dangerous
    a. jump
    b. green
    c. choice

  4. except
    a. eggs
    b. excuse
    c. escalator

HW-9

L. Read the paragraph. Write the topic, main idea, and give it a title.

A checkup by a dentist two times a year is important to keep your teeth healthy and strong. The dentist or his helper will clean your teeth and check them. He will work on any problem you have. Then, he will tell you to brush your teeth often and not to eat foods that have a lot of sugar in them. A visit to the dentist every 6 months is good for your health.

TOPIC: __________________________________________________________________

MAIN IDEA: __________________________________________________________________

TITLE: __________________________________________________________________

M. Read the paragraph. Write a summary.

Did you put some coins in a machine to buy gum or a can of soda today? Then you used a vending machine. People began to use vending machines in the United States in the 1890s, and could buy gum, stamps, and peanuts from these machines at train stations. Then in the 1900s, people could buy drinks and other foods from vending machines. Today, vending machines can sell some unusual things such as toys and stockings, and some machines can even talk.

SUMMARY: __________________________________________________________________

HW-10

HOMEWORK FOR BOOK 12 LESSON 2

A. Select the best answer. Circle a, b, or c.

  1. Lt. Rodriguez: Were you in Hawaii last year? Capt. Chung: Yeah, I was on a two-year _______. a. travel for duty b. tour of duty c. trip for work

  2. George: Are you going to sell me your red car? Mark: Well, let me _______, and I'll tell you tomorrow. a. make up your mind b. think it over c. change my mind

  3. Lewis: What did you talk about in class? Stan: We had a _______ about Central America. a. discussion b. decision c. refusal

  4. Can you take me to the airport? Mike wanted to take me, but he _______ when he realized he had to study for a test. a. made up his mind b. talked it over c. changed his mind

  5. People who live far from schools may _______ their children at home. a. study b. retire c. educate

  6. I don't think he was very clear. I'm still _______ about what he said. a. confused b. clear c. dissatisfied

  7. Oscar: Where does your father work? Mark: He doesn't work anymore. He _______ last year. a. turned down b. retired c. refused

  8. I'm a dentist. That's my _______. a. profession b. name c. education

  9. Dad, I want a book about cars _______ a magazine. a. not yet b. instead of c. instead

  10. Wendy's parents _______ to take me home, but I told them that you were already coming to pick me up. a. accepted b. refused c. offered

  11. Paul: Have you seen Burt Richard's new movie? Rita: Yes. I've seen it _______. a. still b. yet c. already

  12. Paul: Have you seen "The Greatest Story"? Rita: No, I haven't seen it _______. a. still b. yet c. already

  13. Dave: Did Jim take the job in New York? Jack: No, he _______. a. turned it down b. thought it over c. made up his mind

  14. When we make plans for the next five years, we're making plans for the _______. a. future b. time c. past

  15. Carlos is a _______ soccer player. He makes a lot of money. a. technical b. professional c. business

B. Change the sentence to a question. Use the words in ( ).

EXAMPLE: The teacher has explained the problem. (answer) Has the teacher explained the answer?

  1. The students have discussed their courses. (careers) Have the students discussed their careers?

  2. Mary has thought over her decision carefully. (Beth) Has Beth thought over her decision carefully?

  3. David has already taken that math course. (English) Has David already taken that English course?

C. Write a sentence in the present perfect tense. Use has or have.

EXAMPLES: Lt Lee/fly/three times/this week Lt Lee has flown three times this week.

I/not drink/any coffee/today I haven't drunk any coffee today.

  1. Ann/drink/four cups of tea/this morning Ann has drunk four cups of tea this morning.

  2. Bob and Ray/not read/lesson/today Bob and Ray haven't read lesson today.

  3. Martha/already cash/two checks/this month Martha has already cashed two checks this month.

D. The underlined word is the answer. Write the question. Use question words like who, when, where, what, whose, how, etc.

EXAMPLE: Ted has decided to go to medical school. Who has decided to go to medical school?

  1. Sally has been to Spain three times. Who has been to Spain three times?

  2. Howard has two bachelor's degrees. How many bachelor's degrees does Howard have?

  3. Steve has just accepted a job offer in Houston. Where has Steve just accepted a job offer?

  4. Frank has refused to follow his doctor's advice. Whose advice has Frank refused to follow?

  5. His sons have been college students for six years. How long have his sons been college students?

E. Change the sentence to a question. Use the words in ( ).

EXAMPLE: Jay is no longer an instructor. (Jan, still) Is Jan still an instructor?

  1. John is here. (Alice, yet) Is Alice here yet?

  2. Nelson no longer owns a truck. (car, any longer) Does Nelson own a car any longer?

  3. Ruth writes newspaper articles. (magazine, still) Does Ruth still write magazine articles?

  4. The girls are studying French now. (German, anymore) Are the girls studying German anymore?

  5. The Norths already have their airline tickets. (hotel reservations, already) Do the Norths already have their hotel reservations?

F. Complete the sentence with so, or, but, or and.

  1. Tom took the job, but his father didn't want him to.
  2. Sam didn't go to college, so he can't be a doctor.
  3. You can refuse the offer, or you can accept it.
  4. Mary moved to Houston, and her sister went with her.
  5. It's raining outside, so we'll stay inside today.

G. Combine these sentences. Use or or so.

EXAMPLE: We can drive to Chicago. We can take the train. We can drive to Chicago, or we can take the train.

  1. Bill might buy a car. He might rent a truck. Bill might buy a car, or he might rent a truck.

  2. Michael studied hard. He made a good grade on the test. Michael studied hard, so he made a good grade on the test.

  3. Jan wants to be a teacher. She's taking education courses. Jan wants to be a teacher, so she's taking education courses.

  4. Delores doesn't want to go to college. She'll go to a technical school. Delores doesn't want to go to college, so she'll go to a technical school.

  5. You can accept the offer now. You can think it over and call me back. You can accept the offer now, or you can think it over and call me back.

H. Complete the letter. Use so or or.

Dear Aunt Emma,

May 31

I can't decide what to do about my future, so I'm writing to you for advice. I can graduate from high school in December, or I can wait until May. I want to get a job as soon as I can, so I might finish early. I'd also like to go to all the graduation parties with my friends, so I may wait. If I do that, I can take a few extra courses, or I can go to school in the morning and work in the afternoon.

What do you think? Should I graduate early, or should I wait? Please write or call me soon.

Your confused niece,

Dorothy

I. Circle the letter of the answer with the same meaning as the underlined word(s).

  1. His foot didn't hurt, but it was very swollen, so he couldn't put his boots on.

    a. his foot became much bigger b. he had a lot of pain in his foot c. his foot smelled very bad

  2. Roger has a small shed behind his house. It's next to his garage. He has tools, old things, and car parts in it.

    a. a building to keep a car in b. a building to keep things in c. a building to cook in

J. Complete each paragraph with the words in the box.

| college | degree | education | made up her mind | | decision | diploma | high school | think it over |

  1. Joann has not worked outside of her home for 15 years. She has always been a homemaker, but in September, everything will change: Joann is going to college. She's going to get her bachelor's degree in elementary education. Joann is nervous about going to college because it has been a long time since she graduated from high school. She has wanted to be a teacher ever since she got her high school diploma. She had to think it over before she finally made her decision. She made up her mind when her daughter went to middle school last year.

| confusing | take | | courses | talk things over |

  1. Joann received a schedule of classes in the mail. She tried to find some courses to take. There were so many! It was so confusing! She finally found a few interesting classes that she wanted to take. Tomorrow, she'll go to the school and talk things over with a school advisor.

K. Complete the dialog with one of the words in ( ).

Al: Did the university accept all of the students? (accept/except) Bo: I heard they took everyone except Paul. (except/accept) Al: That's not true. They offered to take him. (discussed/offered) Bo: He refused? Why did he make that choice? (retired/refused) (choice/tour) Al: He decided to get a job instead of going to school. (instead of/instead) Bo: Well, I hope he discussed it with someone. (discussed/educated) Al: I'm sure he did. He's serious about his career. (career/medical)

Topic: HORSES

Title: Riding Horses / Get on Horse

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