alc-english/book-11-lesson-4.module

$MODULE Book 11 · Lesson 4: That Was a Great Movie! {st-page_123_001.jpg}
FORMAT: 2
DESCRIPTION: Talking about TV, movies, and restaurants; giving opinions and recommendations; past ability with "could"; indirect speech; prepositions of time; main-idea reading and listening practice.
TARGET_LANG_G: en
HOME_LANG_G: en
VOICE_DEFAULT: aoede | Clear, friendly American English narrator
VOICE_PROMPT: gacrux | Questions and cues, read clearly
VOICE_RESPONSE: schedar | Model answers, warm and clear
VOICE: Valerie | gacrux | Female
VOICE: Victor | achernar | Male
VOICE: Fred | achernar | Male speaker
VOICE: Fran | aoede | Female speaker
VOICE: Tim | achernar | Male speaker
VOICE: Jim | achird | Male speaker
VOICE: Annette | aoede | Female speaker
VOICE: Mr_Reed | achird | Male speaker
VOICE: Kenneth | achernar | Male speaker
VOICE: Narrator | aoede | Narrator voice
VOICE: ID | achernar | speaker (auto)

$SESSION 4-1: Talking About Television

# Source: LLA 4A Figure 1
$DIALOGUE Television Words
ID: 4a-f1
INTRO: In this lesson you'll learn to talk about TV, movies, and eating out — to say what things were like, what you "could" do, what people "told" you, and when things happen. First, words for talking about television. Listen and repeat each sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Repeat each sentence.
REPEAT

VOCAB: entertainment
LINE: Many people relax watching TV. TV is entertainment for many people. {page_074_001.jpg} {bk11-l4a-f1-01.mp3}

VOCAB: channel
VOCAB: variety
LINE: There are many television channels. You can watch a variety of shows on them. {bk11-l4a-f1-02.mp3}

VOCAB: program
LINE: Some channels show children's programs on Saturday mornings. {page_074_002.jpg} {bk11-l4a-f1-03.mp3}

VOCAB: frightening
LINE: Some programs are frightening. People become afraid when they watch them. {page_074_003.jpg} {bk11-l4a-f1-04.mp3}

VOCAB: boring
VOCAB: dull
LINE: Some programs are not interesting. They're boring. They're dull. {page_074_004.jpg} {bk11-l4a-f1-05.mp3}

VOCAB: funny
VOCAB: to laugh
LINE: Some programs are funny. We laugh while we watch them. {page_075_001.jpg} {bk11-l4a-f1-06.mp3}

VOCAB: commercial
LINE: Commercials try to sell you things on TV or radio. {page_075_002.jpg} {bk11-l4a-f1-07.mp3}

VOCAB: almost
LINE: Not everyone, but almost everyone, enjoys watching TV. {bk11-l4a-f1-08.mp3}

# Source: LLA 4A Figure 1 (questions)
$PRODUCE Questions About Television
ID: 4a-f1-b
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
INTRO: Now answer questions about those sentences. Say your answer aloud, then repeat the correct one you hear.
INSTRUCTION: Answer aloud with a full sentence.
REPEAT

PROMPT: What is television for many people? {bk11-l4a-f1-09-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Television is entertainment for many people. {bk11-l4a-f1-09-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Does television show only one kind of program? {bk11-l4a-f1-10-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Television shows a variety of programs. {bk11-l4a-f1-10-a.mp3}

PROMPT: When do some channels show children's programs? {bk11-l4a-f1-11-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Some channels show children's programs on Saturday mornings. {bk11-l4a-f1-11-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Is a program that makes you be afraid a funny program? {bk11-l4a-f1-12-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Frightening programs cause people to be afraid. {bk11-l4a-f1-12-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Are all the programs on television interesting? {bk11-l4a-f1-13-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Some programs are boring. {bk11-l4a-f1-13-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What kind of programs make us laugh? {bk11-l4a-f1-14-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Funny programs make us laugh. {bk11-l4a-f1-14-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What tries to sell us things on television? {bk11-l4a-f1-15-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Commercials try to sell things on television. {bk11-l4a-f1-15-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Can you hear commercials on the radio also? {bk11-l4a-f1-16-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Yes, you can hear commercials on the radio. {bk11-l4a-f1-16-a.mp3}

# Source: ST §I'm Never Too Busy to Watch a Movie!
$DIALOGUE I'm Never Too Busy to Watch a Movie! {st-page_125_001.jpg}
ID: l4-s1
INTRO: Fred and Fran compare notes on free time. Fran spends half her evenings at the movies; Fred remembers having evenings once. Listen and repeat each line.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the dialog.
REPEAT

Fred: Do you go to a lot of movies?

VOCAB: frequently
VOCAB: as a matter of fact
VOCAB: to spend
Fran: Yes, I go to the movies frequently. As a matter of fact, I spend two or three nights a week at the movies.

VOCAB: could
VOCAB: too
VOCAB: busy
Fred: You do? That's almost half of the evenings in a week. I could do that when I was younger, but I can't anymore. I'm too busy with other things now.

VOCAB: intend (to) | intend
Fran: I don't intend to get that busy! What kind of entertainment do you have time for?

Fred: Well, I like to watch TV on the weekend. I like Channel 35. It has some really interesting programs.

Fran: I don't like TV because of the commercials. They're always trying to sell me something. Do you watch television every weekend?

VOCAB: cards
VOCAB: in fact
Fred: No, sometimes I play cards with my friends. In fact, they're coming to my house for a card game this Saturday night.

# Source: ST §Fran Frequently Spends the Evening at the Movies
$SELECT Fran Frequently Spends the Evening at the Movies
ID: l4-s2
INTRO: Now check the new words. Read each statement from the dialog and tap the sentence that means the same thing.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the sentence with the same meaning.
SHOW_PROMPT

PROMPT: Fran goes to the movies frequently.
OPTION: a | She goes often.
OPTION: b | She seldom goes.
ANSWER: a

PROMPT: As a matter of fact, she goes two or three times a week.
OPTION: a | She goes only two or three times a week.
OPTION: b | She really goes two or three times a week.
ANSWER: b

PROMPT: She spends a lot of time at the movies.
OPTION: a | She always has a good time at the movies.
OPTION: b | She uses a lot of her time to watch movies.
ANSWER: b

PROMPT: Three is almost half of seven.
OPTION: a | It's less than half of seven.
OPTION: b | It's more than half of seven.
ANSWER: a

PROMPT: Fred could go to the movies often when he was younger.
OPTION: a | He wanted to go.
OPTION: b | He was able to go.
ANSWER: b

PROMPT: He's too busy to go now.
OPTION: a | He has a lot of spare time.
OPTION: b | He doesn't have enough free time.
ANSWER: b

PROMPT: Fran doesn't intend to stop watching movies.
OPTION: a | She doesn't mean to stop.
OPTION: b | She doesn't want to stop.
ANSWER: a

PROMPT: Fred watches TV for entertainment.
OPTION: a | He gets bored when he watches TV.
OPTION: b | He watches TV because he enjoys it.
ANSWER: b

PROMPT: There are interesting programs on Channel 35.
OPTION: a | That channel has interesting shows.
OPTION: b | The people on that channel are interesting.
ANSWER: a

PROMPT: Fran doesn't like commercials.
OPTION: a | She doesn't care about watching the latest news.
OPTION: b | She doesn't care for the messages that companies pay to put on TV or radio.
ANSWER: b

PROMPT: Fred and his friends play cards.
OPTION: a | They use a pack of 52 cards to play a game.
OPTION: b | They play sports and write their scores on cards.
ANSWER: a

PROMPT: In fact, Fred's friends are coming to his house Saturday.
OPTION: a | It's true. They're really going to be there.
OPTION: b | It's not certain yet. They may not be there.
ANSWER: a

# Source: LLA 4A Figure 3 (word list — pronunciation pass; sentence context follows in the conversation)
$DIALOGUE Words from the Conversation
ID: 4a-f3
INTRO: Practice saying these words and phrases — you'll hear every one of them in the next conversation.
INSTRUCTION: Repeat the words.
REPEAT

LINE: spend {bk11-l4a-f3-01.mp3}
LINE: as a matter of fact {bk11-l4a-f3-02.mp3}
LINE: frequently {bk11-l4a-f3-03.mp3}
LINE: wonderful
LINE: recommend {bk11-l4a-f3-04.mp3}
LINE: love
LINE: great {bk11-l4a-f3-05.mp3}
LINE: terrible {bk11-l4a-f3-06.mp3}

# Source: LLA 4A Figure 3 (conversation)
$DIALOGUE Valerie and Victor Talk About TV
ID: 4a-f3-b
INTRO: Victor watches four or five hours of television a day and regrets nothing. Just listen to his conversation with Valerie.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the dialogue.

Valerie: Do you spend much time in front of the television? {bk11-l4a-f3-07.mp3}

VOCAB: wonderful
Victor: Oh yes! As a matter of fact, I frequently watch TV four or five hours a day. And that's almost every night after work. I think TV is wonderful. {bk11-l4a-f3-08.mp3}

Valerie: I could do that before, but I can't now. I'm too busy. I have lots to do when I get home from work. {bk11-l4a-f3-09.mp3}

Victor: I think that when you enjoy something you can find time for it. {bk11-l4a-f3-10.mp3}

VOCAB: to recommend
Valerie: I guess you're right. Do you recommend any programs? Which ones do you like to watch? {bk11-l4a-f3-11.mp3}

VOCAB: to love
VOCAB: great
VOCAB: terrible
Victor: I love the funny shows. I think they are great because I like to laugh. I don't see many programs that I think are terrible. I guess I'm easily satisfied. {bk11-l4a-f3-12.mp3}

# Source: LLA 4A Figure 3 (questions)
$PRODUCE Questions About the Conversation
ID: 4a-f3-c
REFERENCE
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
INTRO: Answer questions about Valerie and Victor aloud, then repeat the correct answer. The conversation is there if you need to check it.
INSTRUCTION: Answer aloud with a full sentence.
REPEAT

PROMPT: How many hours does Victor spend in front of the television? {bk11-l4a-f3-13-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: He spends 4 or 5 hours a day. {bk11-l4a-f3-13-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Does he watch television only once a week? {bk11-l4a-f3-14-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: No. He watches TV frequently after work. {bk11-l4a-f3-14-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What does Victor think about television? {bk11-l4a-f3-15-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: He thinks it's wonderful. {bk11-l4a-f3-15-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Does Valerie watch television frequently also? {bk11-l4a-f3-16-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: No, she doesn't. She's too busy. {bk11-l4a-f3-16-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Which programs did Victor recommend? {bk11-l4a-f3-17-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: He recommended the funny shows. {bk11-l4a-f3-17-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Why does Victor love funny shows? {bk11-l4a-f3-18-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Because he loves to laugh. {bk11-l4a-f3-18-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Does Victor see many terrible programs on television? {bk11-l4a-f3-19-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: No, he doesn't think there are many terrible shows. {bk11-l4a-f3-19-a.mp3}

$SESSION 4-2: At the Movies — Opinions and Recommendations

# Source: ST §Six Movie Theaters
$DIALOGUE Six Movie Theaters
ID: l4-s3
INTRO: In this part you'll learn to say what a show is like — "funny", "frightening", "wonderful", "terrible" — and to recommend one. Start by reading the advertisements for six very different movies.
INSTRUCTION: Read the advertisement for each theater.

Narrator: THEATER 1: WHY CRY WHEN YOU CAN LAUGH? {st-page_128_001.jpg}
Narrator: Don't miss this very funny movie. You might be sad now, but you'll be happy when you watch this show! {st-page_128_001.jpg}

Narrator: THEATER 2: THEY NEVER CAME HOME. {st-page_128_002.jpg}
VOCAB: to frighten
Narrator: Here's a true story about a terrible accident. It will frighten everyone. After this, you may be afraid to drive. {st-page_128_002.jpg}

Narrator: THEATER 3: A FLIGHT AROUND THE WORLD {st-page_128_003.jpg}
Narrator: You'll enjoy seeing some of the most interesting and beautiful parts of the world in this wonderful new show. {st-page_128_003.jpg}

Narrator: THEATER 4: THE GREAT MOUNTAIN {st-page_128_004.jpg}
Narrator: Watch two men climb one of the world's largest mountains. You'll never forget this show. It's great! {st-page_128_004.jpg}

Narrator: THEATER 5: MARK AND MARIA {st-page_128_005.jpg}
VOCAB: love
Narrator: A Love Story. They want to marry, but he must leave. Now their love is strong. What will their feelings be when he returns? {st-page_128_005.jpg}

Narrator: THEATER 6: A BOY'S BEST FRIEND {st-page_128_006.jpg}
Narrator: Everyone will love the story of young Billy and Bowser, the big brown dog who followed him everywhere. {st-page_128_006.jpg}
NOTES: theater = a place or building for movies or other entertainment

# Source: ST (questions on Six Movie Theaters)
$PRODUCE Answer About the Movies
ID: l4-s4
REFERENCE
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
SHOW_PROMPT
INTRO: Now answer questions about those six movies in complete sentences. The advertisements are there to check if you need them.
INSTRUCTION: Answer aloud in a complete sentence.
RUBRIC: Treat the model answer as the factual key; accept any complete sentence that expresses the same fact(s), in any natural phrasing.

PROMPT: Are there different kinds of movies at the theaters?
RESPONSE: Yes, there are different kinds of movies at the theaters.

PROMPT: Will people cry when they watch the movie in Theater 1?
RESPONSE: No, they will laugh.

PROMPT: Why will they enjoy the movie in Theater 1?
RESPONSE: Because it is a very funny movie.

PROMPT: Was the accident in "They Never Came Home" a very bad one?
RESPONSE: Yes, it was a terrible accident.

PROMPT: Will people who watch the story about the accident become afraid?
RESPONSE: Yes, it will frighten everyone.

PROMPT: Is "A Flight Around the World" a very good show?
RESPONSE: Yes, it is a wonderful new show.

PROMPT: What's the movie in Theater 4 like?
RESPONSE: It's great!

PROMPT: Do the men in that movie climb a small mountain?
RESPONSE: No, they climb one of the world's largest mountains.

PROMPT: What is the movie in Theater 5 about?
RESPONSE: It is a love story about Mark and Maria.

PROMPT: Will people really enjoy "A Boy's Best Friend"?
RESPONSE: Yes, everyone will love it.

# Source: LLA 4A Figure 5
$DIALOGUE Don Loves the Movies
ID: 4a-f5
INTRO: Meet Don, a man with one great love: the movies. Listen and repeat each sentence about him.
INSTRUCTION: Repeat each word and sentence.
REPEAT

LINE: Movies are Don's great love. {page_078_001.jpg} {bk11-l4a-f5-01.mp3}

LINE: In fact, he spends many happy hours at the movies. {page_078_001.jpg} {bk11-l4a-f5-02.mp3}

LINE: He doesn't like movies that frighten him. {page_078_001.jpg} {bk11-l4a-f5-03.mp3}

VOCAB: entertaining
VOCAB: adventure
LINE: He finds that adventure movies are the most entertaining ones. {page_078_001.jpg} {bk11-l4a-f5-04.mp3}

# Source: LLA 4A Figure 5 (paragraph)
$DIALOGUE Don Loves the Movies — the Whole Paragraph
ID: 4a-f5-b
INTRO: Now hear the whole paragraph about Don at once.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the paragraph.

LINE: Movies are Don's great love. In fact, he spends many happy hours at the movies. He doesn't like movies that frighten him. He finds that adventure movies are the most entertaining ones. {page_078_001.jpg} {bk11-l4a-f5-05.mp3}

# Source: LLA 4A Figure 6
$SELECT True or False About Don
ID: 4a-f6
REFERENCE: 4a-f5-b
INTRO: Decide whether each statement about Don is true or false. The paragraph is there to check if you need it.
INSTRUCTION: Tap True or False.
SHOW_PROMPT

PROMPT: Don likes to go to the movies. {bk11-l4a-f6-01-q.mp3}
OPTION: t | True {bk11-l4a-f6-01-a.mp3}
OPTION: f | False
ANSWER: t

PROMPT: Don doesn't spend much time at the movies. {bk11-l4a-f6-02-q.mp3}
OPTION: t | True
OPTION: f | False {bk11-l4a-f6-02-a.mp3}
ANSWER: f

PROMPT: Don's favorite movies are frightening movies. {bk11-l4a-f6-03-q.mp3}
OPTION: t | True
OPTION: f | False {bk11-l4a-f6-03-a.mp3}
ANSWER: f

PROMPT: Don feels that adventure movies are the most entertaining. {bk11-l4a-f6-04-q.mp3}
OPTION: t | True {bk11-l4a-f6-04-a.mp3}
OPTION: f | False
ANSWER: t

# Source: ST §Do You Want to Hear a Great Story? (word-bank cloze recast as a select over the printed box)
$SELECT Do You Want to Hear a Great Story?
ID: l4-s5
INTRO: Here's the word box: "funny", "great", "variety", "love", "wonderful", "laugh", "terrible", "frightening". Pick the word that completes each sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the word that completes the sentence.
OPTION: a | funny
OPTION: b | great
OPTION: c | variety
OPTION: d | love
OPTION: e | wonderful
OPTION: f | laugh
OPTION: g | terrible
OPTION: h | frightening

TEMPLATE: We want to hear a ____ story, not a sad one.
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: We want to hear a funny story, not a sad one.

TEMPLATE: Dana looks ____, but she feels awful.
ANSWER: b|e
FEEDBACK: Dana looks great, but she feels awful.

TEMPLATE: A ____ store sells many different kinds of things.
ANSWER: c
FEEDBACK: A variety store sells many different kinds of things.

TEMPLATE: I'm sure you'll ____ this book. I really enjoyed it.
ANSWER: d
FEEDBACK: I'm sure you'll love this book. I really enjoyed it.

TEMPLATE: This is a terrific meal. The food is ____.
ANSWER: e|b
FEEDBACK: This is a terrific meal. The food is wonderful.

TEMPLATE: People usually smile and ____ a lot when they're very happy.
ANSWER: f
FEEDBACK: People usually smile and laugh a lot when they're very happy.

TEMPLATE: Alex made a ____ grade on the exam. As a matter of fact, he failed it.
ANSWER: g
FEEDBACK: Alex made a terrible grade on the exam. As a matter of fact, he failed it.

TEMPLATE: Dora is afraid of dentists. To her, a dentist's office is a ____ place.
ANSWER: h
FEEDBACK: Dora is afraid of dentists. To her, a dentist's office is a frightening place.

TEMPLATE: When Marsha writes to her family and good friends, she signs her letters "____, Marsha."
ANSWER: d
FEEDBACK: When Marsha writes to her family and good friends, she signs her letters "Love, Marsha."

TEMPLATE: Lakes Erie, Ontario, Michigan, Superior, and Huron are called the ____ Lakes because they're so large.
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: Lakes Erie, Ontario, Michigan, Superior, and Huron are called the Great Lakes because they're so large.

# Source: ST §Which Movie Do You Recommend?
$DIALOGUE Which Movie Do You Recommend? {st-page_131_001.jpg}
ID: l4-s6
INTRO: Tim and Jim are trying to pick a movie. It takes them a while — one of them walked out of the last one. Listen and repeat each line.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the dialog.
REPEAT

Tim: Do you want to see "A Boy's Best Friend"?
Jim: No, let's see something else. I saw that last week.

Tim: I can see it another time, I guess. Was it interesting?
Jim: No, it was boring. I got up and left before it was over. How about "Jaws 9"?

Tim: My brother and I saw it Friday night.

VOCAB: to feel
Jim: How did you feel about it? Was it dull?

Tim: No, it certainly wasn't. I felt it was exciting, and my brother thought it was frightening.

Jim: Well, which one of the other shows do you recommend?

Tim: I think we ought to see "Hot Cars." My cousin saw it and told me it was very entertaining.

VOCAB: since
Jim: Then let's go. Since your cousin enjoyed it, I'm sure we will, too.

# Source: ST §Can You Recommend a Good Restaurant?
$SELECT Match Questions and Answers
ID: l4-s7
INTRO: Seven questions, seven answers — match each question to the answer that fits it.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the answer that fits the question.
SHOW_PROMPT
OPTION: a | I felt that it was very difficult.
OPTION: b | Yes, I thought the hour would never end.
OPTION: c | Yes, Paul's Place always serves wonderful meals.
OPTION: d | No, it was very dull. I couldn't stay awake.
OPTION: e | Yes, I thought it was very entertaining.
OPTION: f | No, I love flying. It's not frightening.
OPTION: g | Since my car stalls sometimes, I don't want to drive it.

PROMPT: Can you recommend a good restaurant?
ANSWER: c

PROMPT: Was the lieutenant's report interesting?
ANSWER: d

PROMPT: Why are you taking the bus to work every day?
ANSWER: g

PROMPT: Some people are afraid to fly. Are you?
ANSWER: f

PROMPT: What did you think about the test?
ANSWER: a

PROMPT: Did you enjoy the movie last night?
ANSWER: e

PROMPT: Did you think the class was boring?
ANSWER: b

# Source: ST §Was the Movie Interesting?
$DIALOGUE Was the Movie Interesting? {st-page_145_001.jpg}
ID: l4-s15
INTRO: Here's how people ask about a movie — and how they answer when it was great, dull, or two hours of their life they want back. Listen and repeat each exchange.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the sentences.
REPEAT

LINE: How did you like the movie? It was very dull. In fact, I almost went to sleep.
LINE: Did you enjoy the movie? No, it was terribly frightening.
LINE: Did you see the movie at the Star? Yes, and in my opinion, it's great.
LINE: Did you see any good movies last week? Yes, I saw a very funny movie last Saturday.
LINE: How was the movie? The music was good, but the story was boring.
LINE: Can you recommend a good movie? I thought the one at the Star was entertaining.

# Source: ST §I Thought That Show Was Boring
$DIALOGUE I Thought That Show Was Boring
ID: l4-s17
INTRO: Now the same kind of opinions, but about television. Listen and repeat each exchange.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the sentences.
REPEAT

LINE: What's your favorite TV program? I enjoy the old movies on Channel Three the best.
LINE: What did you think of the eight o'clock movie? I thought that show was boring.
LINE: Which TV schedule do you like to use? The one in the Times; it's easiest to read.
LINE: Do you like to watch football on TV? Yes, but if you ask me, there're too many commercials.
LINE: Which news program do you usually watch? Channel Two. They have more world news.
LINE: What do you think of the Saturday children's shows? I feel some of them are too frightening.

# SKIPPED (book): "THE MOVIE WAS BORING, BUT THE MUSIC WAS GOOD.", "HOW IS THE FOOD AT ALDO'S?", and "WHAT DID YOU THINK OF THE GAME LAST NIGHT?" — open, co-constructed dialog completion tasks; too unconstrained to grade solo.
# SKIPPED (book): Function "WHAT DID YOU THINK OF THE SHOW?" and Listening Skill "WHAT DID YOU THINK OF THE MOVIE?" — partner role plays with no solo path.

$SESSION 4-3: Eating Out

# Source: ST §Richard Roper Recommends Rosa's
$DIALOGUE Richard Roper Recommends Rosa's {st-page_136_001.jpg}
ID: l4-s9
INTRO: In this part you'll learn to talk about restaurants — the food, the prices, the service, and the waiters you'd rather forget. Richard Roper reviews restaurants on TV. This week he found one he loved. Listen and read the story.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and read the story.

Narrator: Richard Roper is a reporter for Channel 35. He visits different restaurants every week; then he tells about them on the Wednesday evening news program. Here's this week's story:
NOTES: reporter = someone who writes news stories

Narrator: Hello again! I tried two restaurants last weekend. I was very satisfied with one and very unhappy with the other.

VOCAB: to serve
VOCAB: reasonable
Narrator: The first place, Rosa's Restaurant, serves wonderful food at reasonable prices.

VOCAB: to entertain
Narrator: The most expensive lunch is only $5.95. Dinner costs more, of course, but in the evening Rosa entertains the customers with fine music.

VOCAB: dish
VOCAB: prompt
Narrator: I ordered the beef and rice dish. The waiter was both polite and prompt.

VOCAB: promptly
Narrator: He brought a salad right away and served the other food just a few minutes later. He also brought my check to the table promptly.

VOCAB: reasonable/reasonably | reasonably
Narrator: This restaurant should be more popular. It was reasonably full when I was there, but it wasn't crowded. I strongly recommend a visit to Rosa's.

VOCAB: plan (to) | plan to
Narrator: I plan to eat there often.

# Source: ST §He Doesn't Recommend the Red Room
$DIALOGUE He Doesn't Recommend the Red Room {st-page_137_001.jpg}
ID: l4-s10
INTRO: The second restaurant did not go as well. Richard survived, but his stomach filed a complaint. Listen and read the story.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and read the story.

VOCAB: terribly
Narrator: The second restaurant is the Red Room. It's the opposite of Rosa's; the food is bad and the prices are terribly high.

VOCAB: loud
Narrator: There's music, but it's too loud to be entertaining.

VOCAB: impolite
VOCAB: loud/loudly | loudly
Narrator: I tried to start a conversation with the people at the table next to mine, but they couldn't hear me. I think it's impolite to talk too loudly, so I stopped trying.

VOCAB: rude
Narrator: The service at the Red Room was slow, and the waiter was rude.

VOCAB: rude/rudely | rudely
Narrator: Since my meal was cold when the waiter finally served it, I asked him to warm it up again. He rudely answered that he didn't have time.

VOCAB: sharp
Narrator: When I saw that my knife was too dull to cut the meat, I asked him to bring me a sharp knife.

VOCAB: impolite/impolitely | impolitely
Narrator: He said impolitely, "The knife's all right. You're just too weak to use it."

Narrator: Soon after I got home, I began to feel a sharp pain in my stomach.

VOCAB: if you ask me
Narrator: If you ask me, the restaurant's food caused it. I don't recommend the Red Room.

VOCAB: plan
Narrator: When you want to go out for dinner, make plans to eat at a different restaurant.

# Source: ST §The Waiter Served the Food Promptly
$SELECT The Waiter Served the Food Promptly
ID: l4-s11
INTRO: Now put the new words to work. Tap the word that completes each sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the word that completes the sentence.

TEMPLATE: A ____ noise woke us up in the middle of the night.
OPTION: a | loud
OPTION: b | prompt
OPTION: c | impolite
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: A loud noise woke us up in the middle of the night.

TEMPLATE: It's ____ not to answer someone who asks you a question.
OPTION: a | rude
OPTION: b | prompt
OPTION: c | reasonable
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: It's rude not to answer someone who asks you a question.

TEMPLATE: When other people can't see something, Alvin can. He has very ____ eyes.
OPTION: a | loud
OPTION: b | sharp
OPTION: c | prompt
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: When other people can't see something, Alvin can. He has very sharp eyes.

TEMPLATE: Television ____ many children on Saturday morning while their parents sleep late.
OPTION: a | plans
OPTION: b | serves
OPTION: c | entertains
ANSWER: c
FEEDBACK: Television entertains many children on Saturday morning while their parents sleep late.

TEMPLATE: Will and Wanda aren't getting married until next year, but she's already ____ the wedding.
OPTION: a | serving
OPTION: b | planning
OPTION: c | entertaining
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: Will and Wanda aren't getting married until next year, but she's already planning the wedding.

TEMPLATE: Donna said, "If you ask me, Dina's upset about something." She ____ that Dina's upset.
OPTION: a | thinks
OPTION: b | is sorry
OPTION: c | has heard
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: Donna thinks that Dina's upset.

TEMPLATE: After I watched that movie, I wanted to ask for a refund. It was ____ long and boring.
OPTION: a | loudly
OPTION: b | terribly
OPTION: c | impolitely
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: After I watched that movie, I wanted to ask for a refund. It was terribly long and boring.

TEMPLATE: Walter never becomes angry with people for things that aren't their fault. He's always ____.
OPTION: a | dull
OPTION: b | impolite
OPTION: c | reasonable
ANSWER: c
FEEDBACK: Walter never becomes angry with people for things that aren't their fault. He's always reasonable.

TEMPLATE: Carl has been using the same blade in his razor for two weeks. It's too ____ for him to shave with now.
OPTION: a | dull
OPTION: b | loud
OPTION: c | sharp
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: Carl has been using the same blade in his razor for two weeks. It's too dull for him to shave with now.

TEMPLATE: Rhonda called Ron, but he wasn't there. Fifteen minutes later, he called her. He returned her call ____.
OPTION: a | terribly
OPTION: b | promptly
OPTION: c | reasonably
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: Rhonda called Ron, but he wasn't there. Fifteen minutes later, he called her. He returned her call promptly.

# Source: LLA 4B Figure 1 (word list — pronunciation pass; the words were taught in the readings above)
$DIALOGUE Restaurant Words — Pronunciation
ID: 11-l4b-f1
INTRO: You've met all of these words now. Listen and repeat each one to sharpen your pronunciation before the next story.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat.
REPEAT

LINE: reasonable {bk11-l4b-f1-01.mp3}
LINE: terribly {bk11-l4b-f1-02.mp3}
LINE: entertainment {bk11-l4b-f1-03.mp3}
LINE: loud {bk11-l4b-f1-04.mp3}
LINE: promptly {bk11-l4b-f1-05.mp3}
LINE: impolite {bk11-l4b-f1-06.mp3}
LINE: served {bk11-l4b-f1-07.mp3}
LINE: rude {bk11-l4b-f1-08.mp3}
LINE: dish {bk11-l4b-f1-09.mp3}
LINE: sharp {bk11-l4b-f1-10.mp3}
LINE: dull {bk11-l4b-f1-11.mp3}
LINE: if you ask me {bk11-l4b-f1-12.mp3}

# Source: LLA 4B Figure 1 (paragraph)
$DIALOGUE A New Restaurant
ID: 11-l4b-f1-b
INTRO: Frank and Peg tried a new restaurant last night. Their friends recommended it. Their friends were wrong. Listen and read along.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and read along.

LINE: Frank and Peg went to a new restaurant last night. {bk11-l4b-f1-13.mp3}
LINE: Friends told them that it was very good and not too expensive. {bk11-l4b-f1-14.mp3}
LINE: A restaurant with reasonable prices is not easy to find. {bk11-l4b-f1-15.mp3}
LINE: They decided to try it. {bk11-l4b-f1-16.mp3}
LINE: They were terribly unhappy with it. {bk11-l4b-f1-17.mp3}
LINE: There was music for entertainment, but it was much too loud. {bk11-l4b-f1-18.mp3}
LINE: They couldn't hear each other talk. {bk11-l4b-f1-19.mp3}
LINE: The waiter didn't take their order promptly. {bk11-l4b-f1-20.mp3}
LINE: He let them wait and wait. {bk11-l4b-f1-21.mp3}
LINE: Frank felt he was impolite when he served them, too. {bk11-l4b-f1-22.mp3}
LINE: Frank doesn't like a rude waiter. {bk11-l4b-f1-23.mp3}
LINE: Then the dish he served Peg was cold and hard to cut. {bk11-l4b-f1-24.mp3}
LINE: She had to ask for a sharp knife. {bk11-l4b-f1-25.mp3}
LINE: Her knife was too dull to cut it. {bk11-l4b-f1-26.mp3}
LINE: They don't want to go there again. {bk11-l4b-f1-27.mp3}
LINE: As a matter of fact, Frank left a very small tip. {bk11-l4b-f1-28.mp3}
LINE: If you ask me, good service is more important than a cheap price. {bk11-l4b-f1-29.mp3}

# Source: LLA 4B Figure 2
$SELECT Questions About Frank and Peg
ID: 11-l4b-f2
REFERENCE: 11-l4b-f1-b
INTRO: Now some questions about Frank and Peg's terrible evening. Tap the correct answer, then repeat it. The story is there to check if you need it.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the correct answer.
REPEAT

PROMPT: Where did Frank and Peg go last night? {bk11-l4b-f2-01-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | They went to the movies.
OPTION: b | They went to a new restaurant.
OPTION: c | They went to the mall.
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: They went to a new restaurant. {bk11-l4b-f2-01-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Why did they decide to try it? {bk11-l4b-f2-02-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | Friends recommended it.
OPTION: b | The entertainment was good.
OPTION: c | They met their friends there.
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: Friends recommended the restaurant. {bk11-l4b-f2-02-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What was the music for? {bk11-l4b-f2-03-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | The music was for a tape.
OPTION: b | The music was for the movie.
OPTION: c | The music was for entertainment.
ANSWER: c
FEEDBACK: The music was for entertainment. {bk11-l4b-f2-03-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Did it entertain them? {bk11-l4b-f2-04-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | Yes, they liked it.
OPTION: b | No, it was too loud.
OPTION: c | No, it was too low.
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: No, it was too loud. {bk11-l4b-f2-04-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Why didn't Frank like the waiter? {bk11-l4b-f2-05-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | Because he didn't speak French.
OPTION: b | Because he had long hair.
OPTION: c | Because he was impolite.
ANSWER: c
FEEDBACK: Because the waiter was impolite. {bk11-l4b-f2-05-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What did Peg have to ask for? {bk11-l4b-f2-06-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | She had to ask for a sharper knife.
OPTION: b | She had to ask for a duller knife.
OPTION: c | She had to ask for a straight knife.
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: She had to ask for a sharper knife. {bk11-l4b-f2-06-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Why does she want another knife? {bk11-l4b-f2-07-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | Her knife was too dull to cut the meat.
OPTION: b | Her knife was too sharp to cut the lettuce.
OPTION: c | Her knife was dirty.
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: Her knife was too dull to cut the meat. {bk11-l4b-f2-07-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Did Frank leave a tip? {bk11-l4b-f2-08-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | No, Frank didn't leave a tip.
OPTION: b | Yes, but it was a small one.
OPTION: c | Yes, he left a nice tip.
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: Yes, but it was a small one. {bk11-l4b-f2-08-a.mp3}

# Source: ST §The Crossing Serves Good Vegetables
$DIALOGUE The Crossing Serves Good Vegetables
ID: l4-s16
INTRO: To finish this part, practice recommending — and warning people about — restaurants. Listen and repeat each exchange.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat the sentences.
REPEAT

LINE: Have you been to The Crossing? Yes, many times. They serve delicious soup.
LINE: Can you recommend a good restaurant? Yes, I had a wonderful dinner at Jay's.
LINE: How was your dinner at Aldo's? It was terrible. As a matter of fact, I got sick.
LINE: Do you like to eat at Harry's? Yes, the food's good, and the prices are reasonable.
LINE: Where do you plan to eat tonight? Mike's. In my opinion, his fish is the best in town.
LINE: Let's go to Aldo's tonight. The service there is so slow. Can we go to another restaurant?

$SESSION 4-4: Could and Reported Speech

# Source: ST Grammar §Could as Past Ability
$GRAMMAR Could — Past Ability
ID: l4-s12
INTRO: In this part, two ways of talking about the past. First: "can" is for now, "could" is for back then. Here's how to say what you were — or weren't — able to do.

| | |
|---|---|
| COULD = WAS ABLE TO | COULD + NOT = COULDN'T |

![A young boy struggling to button his shirt](st-page_140_001.jpg)

**Examples:**
* {Can you run a mile in five minutes?}
  {I could when I was younger, but I can't now.}
* {Could Henry repair the motor?}
  {No, he couldn't. He didn't have the right tools.}

# Source: LLA 4B Listening/Speaking
$DIALOGUE Could and Couldn't — Examples
ID: 11-l4b-ls1
INTRO: Listen to these sentences with "could" and "couldn't" and repeat them. Notice that each one is about the past.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat.
REPEAT

LINE: I couldn't enjoy the movie last night. I was too tired. {bk11-l4b-f2-ls-01.mp3}
LINE: Bob couldn't watch TV last night. He was too busy. {bk11-l4b-f2-ls-02.mp3}
LINE: They could drive to the lake for their vacation last year. They had a longer vacation last year. {bk11-l4b-f2-ls-03.mp3}
LINE: They could recommend that place last year. It's not good anymore. {bk11-l4b-f2-ls-04.mp3}
LINE: The mechanic couldn't fix my car this week. He didn't have the parts. {bk11-l4b-f2-ls-05.mp3}
LINE: Jan couldn't record the tape this morning. She can do it now. {bk11-l4b-f2-ls-06.mp3}
LINE: The little boy couldn't write his name last month. Now he can. {bk11-l4b-f2-ls-07.mp3}
LINE: Ollie could speak English when he was a little boy. {bk11-l4b-f2-ls-08.mp3}

# Source: LLA 4B Figure 3
$PRODUCE Answer with Could and Couldn't
ID: 11-l4b-f3
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
INTRO: Now you answer. Listen to a question and a short cue, answer in a full sentence with "could" or "couldn't", then repeat the correct answer.
INSTRUCTION: Answer aloud with a full sentence.
REPEAT

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: How far could you swim last year? 1 mile. {bk11-l4b-f3-ex-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Last year I could swim 1 mile. {bk11-l4b-f3-ex-a.mp3}

PROMPT: How fast could you type before you took the class? 30 words per minute. {bk11-l4b-f3-01-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: I could type 30 words per minute before I took the class. {bk11-l4b-f3-01-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Could David describe the accident? No, too nervous. {bk11-l4b-f3-02-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: No, he couldn't. He was too nervous. {bk11-l4b-f3-02-a.mp3}

PROMPT: How far could he run 5 years ago? Not very far. {bk11-l4b-f3-03-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: He couldn't run very far 5 years ago. {bk11-l4b-f3-03-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Could you speak English last year? Yes, not well. {bk11-l4b-f3-04-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Yes, I could, but not very well. {bk11-l4b-f3-04-a.mp3}

PROMPT: What could you do about his problem? Not anything. {bk11-l4b-f3-05-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: I couldn't do anything about his problem. {bk11-l4b-f3-05-a.mp3}

PROMPT: Could John operate the vending machine? Yes, working. {bk11-l4b-f3-06-q.mp3}
RESPONSE: Yes, he could. The machine was working. {bk11-l4b-f3-06-a.mp3}

# Source: ST §Could Janet Draw?
$PRODUCE Could Janice Draw?
ID: l4-s13
INTRO: More "could" practice, this time from the book. Answer each question aloud using the cue in parentheses.
INSTRUCTION: Answer using the cue in parentheses.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
SHOW_PROMPT

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: Could Janice draw before she took lessons? (no, not anything)
RESPONSE: No, she couldn't draw anything.

PROMPT: Could you mail the package? (no, too large)
RESPONSE: No, it was too large.

PROMPT: Could you drive when you were fifteen? (yes)
RESPONSE: Yes, I could.

PROMPT: Could Dorothy describe the accident? (no, too nervous)
RESPONSE: No, she was too nervous.

PROMPT: How far could you run a year ago? (only two miles)
RESPONSE: I could only run two miles.

PROMPT: What could you do about the problem? (not anything)
RESPONSE: I couldn't do anything about it.

PROMPT: Could Margaret deposit the money Sunday? (no, not until Monday)
RESPONSE: No, she couldn't deposit it until Monday.

PROMPT: How many of the questions could the students answer? (almost all)
RESPONSE: They could answer almost all of them.

PROMPT: How much of the homework could you do last night? (about half)
RESPONSE: I could do about half of it.

PROMPT: Could Captain Santos change his plane reservations? (no, too late)
RESPONSE: No, it was too late.

PROMPT: What could Ed remember about your conversation with him? (almost everything)
RESPONSE: He could remember almost everything.

# Source: ST §Ann Could Answer All of the Questions
$PRODUCE Ann Could Answer All of the Questions
ID: l4-s14
INTRO: This time you build both halves: read the sentence, then ask and answer a "could" question about it, like in the examples.
INSTRUCTION: Ask and answer a question with "could" or "couldn't".
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
SHOW_PROMPT

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: The test was too long for Paula to finish.
RESPONSE: Could Paula finish the test? No, she couldn't.

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: Paul knew the answers to the questions.
RESPONSE: Could Paul answer the questions? Yes, he could.

PROMPT: Sam learned to speak Spanish very well.
RESPONSE: Could Sam speak Spanish? Yes, he could.

PROMPT: Ken was too tired to stay awake.
RESPONSE: Could Ken stay awake? No, he couldn't.

PROMPT: No one ever taught Clara how to swim when she was a child.
RESPONSE: Could Clara swim? No, she couldn't.

PROMPT: Fred enjoyed playing cards.
RESPONSE: Could Fred play cards? Yes, he could.

PROMPT: Fran wasn't too busy to go to the movies.
RESPONSE: Could Fran go to the movies? Yes, she could.

PROMPT: The coffee was too bitter for Richard to drink.
RESPONSE: Could Richard drink the coffee? No, he couldn't.

PROMPT: Ted tried to stop his car, but his brakes failed.
RESPONSE: Could Ted stop his car? No, he couldn't.

PROMPT: The instructor spoke too fast for Alan to understand.
RESPONSE: Could Alan understand the instructor? No, he couldn't.

PROMPT: When she met people, Beth always remembered their names.
RESPONSE: Could Beth remember their names? Yes, she could.

PROMPT: When Ann was ten years old, her mother taught her how to cook.
RESPONSE: Could Ann cook when she was ten? Yes, she could.

# Source: ST Grammar §Indirect Speech
$GRAMMAR Indirect Speech
ID: l4-s18
INTRO: Second point: reporting what someone said. When you report speech, the verbs step back into the past — and the pronouns change too. Here's the pattern.

**Indirect Speech** reports what another person has said. For this reason, it is also called reported speech. The speaker's exact words aren't repeated in indirect speech:

1. Present tense verbs change to the past tense.
2. Pronouns and possessive adjectives change from first or second person to third person (unless someone is reporting his own words).

**Direct speech (present tense):**
Jan: {I'm out of money.}
Jim: {I have some cash.}

**Indirect speech:**

| TOLD | INDIRECT OBJECT | (THAT) | PAST TENSE NOUN CLAUSE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan told | Jim | | she was out of money. |
| Jim told | her | that | he had some cash. |
| I told | Jan | | I had some cash. |

# Source: ST §The Instructor Told Annette That She Passed the Test
$DIALOGUE Annette Asks About Her Test Grade
ID: l4-s19
INTRO: First Annette talks to her instructor, Mr. Reed. Then she reports the whole conversation to Kenneth — listen for how every verb slides into the past.
INSTRUCTION: Read the dialogs.

Annette: I'm worried about my grade on the test, Mr. Reed. {st-page_155_001.jpg}
Mr_Reed: I'm sure it's good, Annette.

Annette: Can you remember it?
Mr_Reed: No, I can't. I'm sorry.

Annette: Will you give the tests back to us?
Mr_Reed: Yes, I intend to give them back Friday.

Narrator: Later, Kenneth asks Annette about the conversation.

Kenneth: Did you talk to Mr. Reed about your test grade? {st-page_155_001.jpg}
Annette: Yes, I told him that I was worried about it.

Kenneth: What did he say?
Annette: He told me he was sure it was good.

Kenneth: Did he tell you the grade?
Annette: No, he told me that he couldn't remember it.

Kenneth: Is he going to give the tests back to us?
Annette: Yes, he told me he intended to give them back Friday.

# Source: ST §Change to Indirect Speech
$PRODUCE Change to Indirect Speech
ID: l4-s20
INTRO: Your turn to report. Read each speaker's exact words, then say the reported sentence with "told" and a past-tense verb.
INSTRUCTION: Report the sentence using "told" and a past-tense verb.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: llm
RUBRIC: The backshift is the point: the reported clause must use a past-tense verb and correct third-person pronouns — a present-tense verb in the reported clause fails. "That" is optional; accept natural variants of the model answer.

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: John: Jim, the car needs a tune-up.
RESPONSE: John told Jim that the car needed a tune-up.

TEMPLATE: Linda: Bob, I love the show!
RESPONSE: Linda told Bob that she loved the show.

TEMPLATE: Waiter: Sir, your table is ready.
RESPONSE: The waiter told the man that his table was ready.

TEMPLATE: Karen: Kathy, I'm ready to go home.
RESPONSE: Karen told Kathy that she was ready to go home.

TEMPLATE: Major: Captain, I need to talk to you.
RESPONSE: The major told the captain that he needed to talk to him.

TEMPLATE: Policeman: Ma'am, you have a flat tire.
RESPONSE: The policeman told the woman that she had a flat tire.

TEMPLATE: Mr. Smithers: Miss Martin, you're late!
RESPONSE: Mr. Smithers told Miss Martin that she was late.

TEMPLATE: Ron: Ms. Garza, I can't answer the question.
RESPONSE: Ron told Ms. Garza that he couldn't answer the question.

TEMPLATE: Instructor: Bob, you're not failing this class.
RESPONSE: The instructor told Bob that he wasn't failing the class.

TEMPLATE: Sgt Bolt: Amn Baker, the barracks aren't clean.
RESPONSE: Sgt Bolt told Amn Baker that the barracks weren't clean.

TEMPLATE: Customer: Waiter, I need another fork, please.
RESPONSE: The customer told the waiter that he needed another fork.

# Source: ST §Ask and Answer About the Dialogs
$PRODUCE Report What They Said
ID: l4-s21
INTRO: Last step: read each mini-dialog, then ask and answer a question about what was said, like in the examples. Say both halves aloud.
INSTRUCTION: Ask and answer about the dialog aloud.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
SHOW_PROMPT

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: Ann: When does the movie start? Bob: At 7:15, I think.
RESPONSE: What did Bob tell Ann? He told her that he thought the show started at 7:15.

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: Mr. Hall: Can I pick up my car now? Mechanic: No, it's not ready yet.
RESPONSE: Did the mechanic tell Mr. Hall that his car was ready? No, he told him it wasn't ready yet.

PROMPT: Waiter: How is your dinner, sir? Curtis: I'm enjoying it very much.
RESPONSE: What did Curtis tell the waiter? He told him that he was enjoying it very much.

PROMPT: Waiter: Do you have reservations for dinner? Walter: Yes, we have them for 8:00.
RESPONSE: What did Walter tell the waiter? He told him that they had them for 8:00.

PROMPT: Mary: Can you recommend a good Chinese restaurant? Mark: No, I don't know anything about Chinese food.
RESPONSE: Did Mark tell Mary he could recommend a good Chinese restaurant? No, he told her he didn't know anything about Chinese food.

PROMPT: Clerk: Would you like to exchange this tie, sir? Clyde: No, I want a refund, please.
RESPONSE: Did Clyde tell the clerk he wanted to exchange the tie? No, he told him he wanted a refund.

PROMPT: Dave: How does the engine sound? Dora: Well, it's not making any loud noises now.
RESPONSE: What did Dora tell Dave? She told him it wasn't making any loud noises now.

PROMPT: Clerk: Are you going to charge the tires? Clara: No, I plan to write a check for them.
RESPONSE: Did Clara tell the clerk she was going to charge the tires? No, she told him she planned to write a check for them.

PROMPT: Andy: Do you think this show's boring? Anne: No, I think it's interesting.
RESPONSE: Did Anne tell Andy she thought the show was boring? No, she told him she thought it was interesting.

PROMPT: Greg: Which news program do you watch? Glen: I usually watch Channel 8's evening news.
RESPONSE: What did Glen tell Greg? He told him he usually watched Channel 8's evening news.

PROMPT: Sandy: Is Ray in town, or is he on vacation? Randy: I think he's on vacation this week.
RESPONSE: What did Randy tell Sandy? He told her he thought he was on vacation this week.

PROMPT: Larry: What do you intend to have for dessert? Laura: I'm going to order a piece of chocolate cake.
RESPONSE: What did Laura tell Larry? She told him she was going to order a piece of chocolate cake.

$SESSION 4-5: When Things Happen — Time Prepositions

# Source: LLA 4B Figure 4
$DIALOGUE Sally's Plan
ID: 11-l4b-f4
INTRO: In this part you'll learn the little words that pin down time — "at", "on", "in", "until", "since". Start with Sally's housework plan: a different job every day, and a free weekend as the reward. Listen and repeat.
INSTRUCTION: Listen and repeat.
REPEAT

LINE: Sally has a plan for her housework. {page_082_001.jpg} {bk11-l4b-f4-01.mp3}
LINE: This is Sally's plan: {page_082_001.jpg} {bk11-l4b-f4-02.mp3}
LINE: she washes clothes on Monday, {page_082_001.jpg} {bk11-l4b-f4-03.mp3}
LINE: she cleans the house on Wednesday and on Friday, {page_082_001.jpg} {bk11-l4b-f4-04.mp3}
LINE: she goes shopping on Tuesday, {page_082_001.jpg} {bk11-l4b-f4-05.mp3}
LINE: she irons clothes on Thursday, {page_082_001.jpg} {bk11-l4b-f4-06.mp3}
LINE: when she follows her plan, she has free time on the weekend, {page_082_002.jpg} {bk11-l4b-f4-07.mp3}
LINE: then she can relax. {page_082_002.jpg} {bk11-l4b-f4-08.mp3}

# SKIPPED (tape): LLA 4B Figure 5 (dictation) — no audio in transcript; not convertible without the cassette clips.

# Source: ST Grammar §Prepositions of Time
$GRAMMAR Prepositions of Time
ID: l4-s23
INTRO: Here's the full toolbox: which preposition goes with clock times, days, dates, and stretches of time. Read it once now — the next activities will make it stick.

The following prepositions indicate time: {at}, {in}, {on}, {before}, {after}, {from}, {until}, {till}, {to}, {for}, and {since}.

**At** is used with the time of day, with an age, and with the words night, first, last, beginning, and end.
**Examples:**
* at noon, at midnight, at 7:30 a.m.
* at the age of twelve
* at night, at first, at last
* at the beginning, at the end

**On** is used with days and dates. It can also be used with parts of a certain day and the words time and schedule.
**Examples:**
* on Monday, on your birthday
* on October 18
* on the evening of June 8
* on time, on schedule

**In** is used with quantities of time and with the words beginning and end.
**Examples:**
* in ten minutes, in an hour
* in a week, in two years
* in the beginning, in the end

**Before** and **after** are used with time of day, with dates, and with nouns that name events or occurrences.
**Examples:**
* before noon, after 5:00 p.m.
* before December 31, after April 15
* before the game, after dinner
**After** can also be used with a quantity of time.
* after six months, after thirty years

**From** is used with to and till/until to indicate periods of time.
**Examples:**
* from 1985 to 1993
* from May 1 until June 15
* from 10:00 a.m. till 5:30 p.m.

**Until/till** can also be used alone with days, dates, and times.
**Examples:**
* until next Friday, till next week
* until 1997, till August 2
* until 10:00 p.m., till midnight

**For** is used with periods of time.
**Examples:**
* for half an hour, for three weeks, for one year

**Since** is used with definite times.
**Examples:**
* since Sunday, since 6:00 this morning, since 1988

# Source: ST §Ed Arrives on Monday
$DIALOGUE Ed Arrives on Monday
ID: l4-s24
INTRO: Read these sentences — every one pins down a time. Notice which preposition does the job in each.
INSTRUCTION: Read the sentences.

LINE: What do you plan to do after dinner?
LINE: Col Henderson will be here till Thursday.
LINE: Jim was in the Air Force for twenty years.
LINE: Meet me at 6:30 in front of Larry's office.
LINE: Lt Cooper will be here in about ten minutes.
LINE: We have to deposit the money before 5:00 p.m.
LINE: Dr. Blake has been at the hospital since midnight.
LINE: Where does Sgt Jackson go on Tuesdays and Thursdays?
LINE: Mr. Adams' English class doesn't start until 8:30 a.m.
LINE: Maj Brooks works out from 4:00 to 5:30 three days a week.

# Source: ST §The Flight Leaves in Ten Minutes
$PRODUCE The Flight Leaves in Ten Minutes
ID: l4-s25
INTRO: Answer each question aloud in a full sentence, using the time cue in parentheses.
INSTRUCTION: Answer using the words in parentheses.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal
SHOW_PROMPT

EXAMPLE
PROMPT: When does the flight to Atlanta leave? (in ten minutes)
RESPONSE: It leaves in 10 minutes.

PROMPT: When will Peggy be back? (at 6:00)
RESPONSE: She will be back at 6:00.

PROMPT: When should Sara be home? (before 10:30)
RESPONSE: She should be home before 10:30.

PROMPT: How long will Captain Jeffrey be on base? (until Friday)
RESPONSE: He will be on base until Friday.

PROMPT: How long has your cousin been here? (since last Tuesday)
RESPONSE: He has been here since last Tuesday.

PROMPT: When is Sam arriving at the airport? (in about an hour)
RESPONSE: He is arriving in about an hour.

PROMPT: How long are your aunt and uncle going to stay? (for three weeks)
RESPONSE: They are going to stay for three weeks.

PROMPT: When is Sgt Richardson leaving? (on Monday)
RESPONSE: He is leaving on Monday.

PROMPT: When is the dentist's office open? (from 8:00 to 4:30)
RESPONSE: It is open from 8:00 to 4:30.

PROMPT: When do you want to go shopping? (after lunch)
RESPONSE: I want to go shopping after lunch.

PROMPT: How long does this class last? (till 2:30)
RESPONSE: It lasts till 2:30.

# Source: ST §Jim Left at Noon
$SELECT Jim Left at Noon
ID: l4-s26
INTRO: Now the quick check: tap the preposition that completes each sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the correct preposition.

TEMPLATE: Jim's plane arrives ____ 6:00.
OPTION: a | on
OPTION: b | at
OPTION: c | in
OPTION: d | to
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: Jim's plane arrives at 6:00.

TEMPLATE: My cousin leaves ____ Friday.
OPTION: a | in
OPTION: b | at
OPTION: c | to
OPTION: d | on
ANSWER: d
FEEDBACK: My cousin leaves on Friday.

TEMPLATE: I'll see the colonel ____ an hour.
OPTION: a | in
OPTION: b | on
OPTION: c | from
OPTION: d | till
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: I'll see the colonel in an hour.

TEMPLATE: Ralph needs to be home ____ 10:00.
OPTION: a | for
OPTION: b | from
OPTION: c | since
OPTION: d | before
ANSWER: d
FEEDBACK: Ralph needs to be home before 10:00.

TEMPLATE: That store is open ____ 9:00 a.m. ____ 9:00 p.m.
OPTION: a | from, to
OPTION: b | at, after
OPTION: c | until, till
OPTION: d | since, until
ANSWER: a
FEEDBACK: That store is open from 9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m.

TEMPLATE: The soldiers have a test ____ lunch.
OPTION: a | from
OPTION: b | since
OPTION: c | after
OPTION: d | in
ANSWER: c
FEEDBACK: The soldiers have a test after lunch.

TEMPLATE: Jeff has been studying ____ 6:30.
OPTION: a | on
OPTION: b | for
OPTION: c | from
OPTION: d | since
ANSWER: d
FEEDBACK: Jeff has been studying since 6:30.

TEMPLATE: On Saturday Sam sometimes sleeps ____ noon.
OPTION: a | in
OPTION: b | from
OPTION: c | until
OPTION: d | since
ANSWER: c
FEEDBACK: On Saturday Sam sometimes sleeps until noon.

TEMPLATE: They've been on vacation ____ three weeks.
OPTION: a | at
OPTION: b | for
OPTION: c | after
OPTION: d | since
ANSWER: b
FEEDBACK: They've been on vacation for three weeks.

TEMPLATE: Dan didn't get to work ____ 9:00 this morning.
OPTION: a | on
OPTION: b | to
OPTION: c | for
OPTION: d | till
ANSWER: d
FEEDBACK: Dan didn't get to work till 9:00 this morning.

# Source: ST §Put Two Sentences Together
$PRODUCE Put Two Sentences Together
ID: l4-s27
INTRO: One more skill for this part: joining two sentences with words like "while", "before", "until", and "because". Read the pair, then say the combined sentence aloud and compare it with the model.
INSTRUCTION: Combine the two sentences using the word in parentheses.
INPUT: speak
CHECK: reveal

EXAMPLE
TEMPLATE: Hal watches the TV channel. It doesn't show commercials. (which)
RESPONSE: Hal watches the TV channel which doesn't show commercials.

TEMPLATE: Do you know the name of the mechanic? He worked on your brakes. (who)
RESPONSE: Do you know the name of the mechanic who worked on your brakes?

TEMPLATE: Jean recommended a restaurant. It serves Chinese and American food. (that)
RESPONSE: Jean recommended a restaurant that serves Chinese and American food.

TEMPLATE: Bill watched the TV program. He ate his dinner. (while)
RESPONSE: Bill watched the TV program while he ate his dinner.

TEMPLATE: The children fell asleep. The movie was over. (before)
RESPONSE: The children fell asleep before the movie was over.

TEMPLATE: Don't open your test booklet. The instructor says to begin. (until)
RESPONSE: Don't open your test booklet until the instructor says to begin.

TEMPLATE: Charles became a pilot. He was 17 years old. (when)
RESPONSE: Charles became a pilot when he was 17 years old.

TEMPLATE: Denise was too tired to go to class. She studied all night. (after)
RESPONSE: Denise was too tired to go to class after she studied all night.

TEMPLATE: We felt sorry for the little boy. He was lost. (because)
RESPONSE: We felt sorry for the little boy because he was lost.

$SESSION 4-6: Reading and Listening Skills

# Source: LLA 4A Figure 2 (paragraph 1)
$DIALOGUE Anne's Car — a Short Paragraph
ID: 4a-f2-1
INTRO: One last skill for this lesson: finding the main idea — what a paragraph is really about, not just one detail from it. Listen to a short paragraph about Anne's car.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the paragraph.

LINE: The motor in Anne's car was making a noise. {bk11-l4a-f2-01a.mp3}
LINE: She didn't know the cause of the noise. {bk11-l4a-f2-01b.mp3}
LINE: She decided to take it to a garage. {bk11-l4a-f2-01c.mp3}
LINE: She thought her car might need service. {bk11-l4a-f2-01d.mp3}

# Source: LLA 4A Figure 2 (main idea 1)
$PRODUCE Main Idea — Anne's Car
ID: 4a-f2-1-q
REFERENCE: 4a-f2-1
INPUT: type
LONGFORM
CHECK: llm
INTRO: In one sentence, type the main idea of the paragraph you just heard. You can listen to it again if you need to.
INSTRUCTION: Type the main idea of the paragraph.
RUBRIC: Accept answers that express the core idea, such as "Anne's car might need service" or "Something might be wrong with Anne's car."

PROMPT: What is the main idea of this paragraph?
RESPONSE: Anne's car might need service.

# Source: LLA 4A Figure 2 (paragraph 2)
$DIALOGUE Good Stores — a Short Paragraph
ID: 4a-f2-2
INTRO: Here's a second paragraph, this time about good stores and unhappy customers. Listen for the big idea.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the paragraph.

LINE: Good stores try to satisfy unhappy customers immediately. {bk11-l4a-f2-02a.mp3}
LINE: When a customer finds something wrong with a service in a store, or with something he buys there, he may not come back there. {bk11-l4a-f2-02b.mp3}
LINE: The salespeople in a good store will give him an exchange, a refund, or credit. {bk11-l4a-f2-02c.mp3}
LINE: They'll do it with a smile, too, because they want to keep the customers happy. {bk11-l4a-f2-02d.mp3}

# Source: LLA 4A Figure 2 (main idea 2)
$PRODUCE Main Idea — Good Stores
ID: 4a-f2-2-q
REFERENCE: 4a-f2-2
INPUT: type
LONGFORM
CHECK: llm
INTRO: Same job: type the main idea of this paragraph in one sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Type the main idea of the paragraph.
RUBRIC: Accept answers that express the core idea, such as "Stores need to keep their customers happy" or "A store should satisfy its customers."

PROMPT: What is the main idea of this paragraph?
RESPONSE: Stores need to keep their customers happy.

# Source: LLA 4A Figure 2 (paragraph 3)
$DIALOGUE Driving Lessons — a Short Paragraph
ID: 4a-f2-3
INTRO: One more paragraph, about people who learn to drive in school. Listen for what all the details add up to.
INSTRUCTION: Listen to the paragraph.

LINE: People who learn to drive in school will be safer drivers than those who don't take classes. {bk11-l4a-f2-03a.mp3}
LINE: They'll learn to be cautious behind the steering wheel of a car. {bk11-l4a-f2-03b.mp3}
LINE: They'll follow signs and signals. {bk11-l4a-f2-03c.mp3}
LINE: They'll also be more careful at intersections and will slow down for pedestrians. {bk11-l4a-f2-03d.mp3}
LINE: All drivers should take lessons sometime. {bk11-l4a-f2-03e.mp3}

# Source: LLA 4A Figure 2 (main idea 3)
$PRODUCE Main Idea — Driving Lessons
ID: 4a-f2-3-q
REFERENCE: 4a-f2-3
INPUT: type
LONGFORM
CHECK: llm
INTRO: Last one of these: type the main idea of the paragraph in one sentence.
INSTRUCTION: Type the main idea of the paragraph.
RUBRIC: Accept answers that express the core idea, such as "Everyone who drives should take lessons" or "People who take driving lessons are safer drivers."

PROMPT: What is the main idea of this paragraph?
RESPONSE: Everyone who drives should take lessons.

# SKIPPED (book): ST Reading Skill "WRITE THE MAIN IDEA AND A TITLE." — open paragraph composition (learners write their own titles and main-idea summaries); deferred per guide.

# Source: ST §Which Summary Is the Best?
$SELECT Which Summary Is the Best?
ID: l4-s22
INTRO: Now pick main ideas instead of writing them. Read each paragraph and tap the summary that covers the whole paragraph — not just one detail.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the best summary.
SHOW_PROMPT

PROMPT: Linda knows how to study for a test. She starts getting ready for it early. She reviews the lessons in the textbook first. Next she looks at her notebook and memorizes the important things in it. After that, she usually writes questions and practices answering them. She always makes a good grade on a test.
OPTION: a | Linda always writes in her notebook while she's in class. Later, she uses it to study.
OPTION: b | Linda always makes a good grade on a test because she knows how to study for it.
OPTION: c | Linda always studies for a test by writing and answering questions about the things in the lesson.
ANSWER: b

PROMPT: When Karen went outside this morning to check the weather, the sky was clear. She decided to walk to work. She left her umbrella at home because she didn't think she needed it. About 4:00 the weather started to change. Soon there were big, black clouds in the sky. It began to rain while she was walking home, and her clothes got very wet.
OPTION: a | Karen didn't take her umbrella to work. It started to rain while she was walking home, and she got very wet.
OPTION: b | The sky was clear when Karen left for work this morning. Because it looked like a nice day, she decided to walk.
OPTION: c | While Karen was at work today, the weather changed. She wanted to walk home, but it was too rainy.
ANSWER: a

PROMPT: Do you usually spend too much money at the grocery store? Here are two things that may help. First, eat a good meal before you go. Don't shop for food when you're hungry, or you'll get more than you need. Also, plan your meals for the week ahead. Write everything that's necessary for those meals on a piece of paper, and don't buy anything else.
OPTION: a | Most people usually get hungry when they go to the grocery store.
OPTION: b | Eat a good meal before you go to the grocery store, and you'll feel better while you shop.
OPTION: c | You can save money by eating and by planning your meals before you go to the grocery store.
ANSWER: c

PROMPT: Yesterday after school, John and his friends played football in the street near his house. At six o'clock, John's mother told him that dinner was ready, but he didn't want to come inside. After waiting for half an hour, the family decided to eat dinner without him. John came home when it got dark, but everyone had finished eating by that time.
OPTION: a | John and his friends like to play football after school. They usually play in the street near John's house.
OPTION: b | John missed dinner yesterday. He was playing football and didn't want to come inside when it was ready.
OPTION: c | John's family always eats dinner at six o'clock. When he's not there on time, they don't wait for him.
ANSWER: b

# Source: ST §What Does the Word Mean?
$SELECT What Does the Word Mean?
ID: l4-s8
INTRO: Sometimes the sentence around a new word tells you what it means. Read each set of sentences — they grow longer and more helpful — then tap the meaning of the underlined word.
INSTRUCTION: Read the sentences, then tap what the word means.
SHOW_PROMPT

TEMPLATE: a. The *climate* is good.
TEMPLATE: b. The *climate* is good in my country.
TEMPLATE: c. The *climate* is good in my country in the winter.
PROMPT: The climate...
OPTION: a | is the food.
OPTION: b | is the engine.
OPTION: c | is the weather.
ANSWER: c

TEMPLATE: a. Jim looked at his *atlas*.
TEMPLATE: b. Jim looked at his *atlas* and turned the pages slowly.
TEMPLATE: c. Jim looked at his road *atlas* and turned the pages slowly. He studied the highways and cities carefully.
PROMPT: An atlas...
OPTION: a | is a clock or watch.
OPTION: b | is a book of maps.
OPTION: c | is a large dictionary.
ANSWER: b

TEMPLATE: a. The street is *dangerous*.
TEMPLATE: b. The street is *dangerous* at night.
TEMPLATE: c. The street is *dangerous* at night for anyone who is alone.
PROMPT: Dangerous is...
OPTION: a | narrow.
OPTION: b | crowded.
OPTION: c | not safe.
ANSWER: c

# Source: LLA 4A Figure 4
$SELECT Where Are They?
ID: 4a-f4
INTRO: To finish the lesson, a listening game: hear a scrap of conversation and work out where the people are. Ten rounds, and then you're done with Lesson 4.
INSTRUCTION: Tap the correct answer.

PROMPT: A hamburger, please. Anything else, sir? {bk11-l4a-f4-01-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | at a snack bar {bk11-l4a-f4-01-a.mp3}
OPTION: b | in a clothing store
OPTION: c | in a classroom
ANSWER: a

PROMPT: I want this candy bar. Pull this knob. {bk11-l4a-f4-02-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | restaurant
OPTION: b | snack bar
OPTION: c | vending machine {bk11-l4a-f4-02-a.mp3}
ANSWER: c

PROMPT: How fast are you going? The speed limit: 55 miles per hour. {bk11-l4a-f4-03-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | on the highway {bk11-l4a-f4-03-a.mp3}
OPTION: b | in an airplane
OPTION: c | at a soccer game
ANSWER: a

PROMPT: Can you loosen this? Where's the wrench? {bk11-l4a-f4-04-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | changing a tire {bk11-l4a-f4-04-a.mp3}
OPTION: b | at a vending machine
OPTION: c | eating a hamburger
ANSWER: a

PROMPT: It stalled again. You may need a tune-up. {bk11-l4a-f4-05-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | the living room
OPTION: b | the car {bk11-l4a-f4-05-a.mp3}
OPTION: c | a hospital
ANSWER: b

PROMPT: I want to return this. Do you have your sales slip? {bk11-l4a-f4-06-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | restaurant
OPTION: b | garage
OPTION: c | department store {bk11-l4a-f4-06-a.mp3}
ANSWER: c

PROMPT: Let's go to the department store first, then the clothing store, and then downstairs to the variety store. Okay? Allright. And then we'll come back upstairs to the cafeteria. {bk11-l4a-f4-07-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | in a mall {bk11-l4a-f4-07-a.mp3}
OPTION: b | in a garage
OPTION: c | downtown
ANSWER: a

PROMPT: Do you have an appointment? Yes, I do. She's going to give me an examination. {bk11-l4a-f4-08-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | the classroom
OPTION: b | a doctor's office {bk11-l4a-f4-08-a.mp3}
OPTION: c | a restaurant
ANSWER: b

PROMPT: I want to make a deposit. Did you fill out a deposit slip, sir? {bk11-l4a-f4-09-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | the classroom
OPTION: b | a bank {bk11-l4a-f4-09-a.mp3}
OPTION: c | a mall
ANSWER: b

PROMPT: Whose fault was it? The man in the white car, officer. He ran a red light. {bk11-l4a-f4-10-q.mp3}
OPTION: a | in the classroom
OPTION: b | at a snack bar
OPTION: c | at an accident {bk11-l4a-f4-10-a.mp3}
ANSWER: c