alc-english/sources/book-7/st-misc.md

source

Extracted from PDF with 190 pages.

---

BK7ST January 1991

Defense Language Institute English Language Center Lackland Air Force Base, Texas

AMERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE

LEVEL - II BOOK 7 STUDENT TEXT

Hava Basımevi Md. lüğü 3407/1991 Etimesgut/ANKARA

PREFACE

The American Language Course (ALC) is designed primarily for an intensive language training program. However, these materials can also be used in nonintensive programs. The course will provide students with a sufficient level of fluency and communicative proficiency in English to enable them to successfully pursue technical or professional training in schools conducted by the Department of Defense.

The General English Phase of the ALC consists of six progressive levels of language proficiency training. Each level contains 6 separate instructional packages.

Level	Books
Level I	Books 1 - 6
Level II	Books 7 - 12
Level III	Books 13 - 18
Level IV	Books 19 - 24
Level V	Books 25 - 30
Level VI	Books 31 - 36

The coordinated instructional packages consist of the following:

1. Instructor Text
2. Student Text
3. Audiotapes
4. Instructor Language Laboratory Activities Booklet
5. Student Language Laboratory Activities Booklet
6. Quiz Kits
7. Optional training aids

Inquiries concerning these materials, including requests for copies, should be addressed to Commandant, Defense Language Institute, ATTN: LERW, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, 78236-5000.

Recommendations for improving this edition are encouraged. Letters should be addressed to: Commandant, Defense Language Institute English Language Center, ATTN: LEAC, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas 78236-5000.

The American Language Course (ALC) contains copyrighted material. Reproduction of this publication is not authorized without the expressed written permission of the owners of the copyrights.

Previous January 1990 Edition will be used until exhausted.

i

NOTES TO THE STUDENT

The Student Text for Book 7, Level II, has four lessons and one review lesson, daily evaluations and homework assignments, and various appendixes.

The homework and evaluation exercises are at the back of this text. The evaluation exercises are short quizzes and will be given after each lesson is completed. The daily homework assignments will require about two hours to complete.

The appendixes are after the fifth lesson. Appendix A is an alphabetical list of the new vocabulary presented in this book. Next to the word is the number of the lesson where the word is introduced. Appendix B is a list of the grammar structures presented in this book. Next to the structure is the number of the lesson where the structure is presented. The rest of the appendixes are reference materials.

The American Language Course focuses on four areas:

1. Function The functions are the ways we use a language to communicate. There are exercises in the lessons that show you how and when to use certain words, phrases, and sentences in a particular situation.

2. Grammar The grammar structures in the lesson are the forms you need to speak and write correctly.

3. Skills There are exercises in the lessons to help you improve your skill or ability in listening, speaking, reading or writing.

4. Vocabulary The words and expressions presented in the lesson are those you will need to do the functions and the grammar exercises.

The first page of each lesson is the focus page. It provides a summary of the material that will be presented in the lesson.

iii

---

CONTENTS

Lesson	Title	Page
Lesson 1	What's This Shape Called?	1
Lesson 2	Do You Understand This?	39
Lesson 3	We Sent You a Postcard	75
Lesson 4	The Furniture Is Pretty.	113
Lesson 5	Don't Make a Mistake.	147
Appendix A	Word List	A-1
Appendix B	Structure List	B-1
Appendix C	Principal Parts/Irregular Verbs	C-1
Appendix D	Patterns of Irregular Verbs	D-1
Appendix E	Verb Forms	E-1
Appendix F	Punctuation and Capitalization	F-1
Homework		HW-1
Evaluation		EE-1

Appendix A

WORD LIST

above, 3 absent, 3 add, 2 alike, 1 animal, 3 any, 2 armchair, 4 around, 3

back (j, n), 3 backyard, 3 below, 3 bird, 3 bookcase, 4 both (j), 1 both (r), 2 bottom, 2 by, 3

cabinet, 4 can opener, 4 carpet, 4 cat, 3 ceiling, 4 center, 2 circle (n), 1 circumference, 2 climb, 3 coffee table, 4 compare, 1 couch, 4 count (v), 2 curtain, 4 curved, 2

describe, 1 description, 1 diameter, 2 divide (into), 2 divided by (\div ; / ; \overline{)\ \ } ), 2 dog, 3 draw, 1 drawer, 4

each, 2 earth, 3 easy, 2 edge, 1 end table, 4 equal (=), 2 error, 2 explain, 2 explanation, 2

fan, 4 fast, 1 faucet, 4 fence, 3 floor, 4 flower, 3 front (j), 3 front (n), 3 furniture, 4

garage, 3 gate, 3 grass, 3

half/halves, 2 hard, 2 heavy, 2 high, 3 hill, 3

into, 2 (It/This) is called (...), 1

job, 1

keep/kept, 4 kitchen, 4

lamp, 4 land (n), 3 lay/laid (down), 4 leaf/leaves, 3 light, 2 like, 1 line, 1

little, 1 living room, 4 low, 3

make/made a mistake, 2 math, 1 mathematics, 1 minus (-), 2 mistake, 1 moon, 3 more, 2 multiplied by (x), 2 multiply/multiplied, 2

narrow, 1 next to, 3

often, 4 opposite, 1 other (j), 1 other (r), 2 outlet, 4 over, 3

pan, 4 past (j), 3 past (n), 3 plug, 4 plug in, 4 plus (+), 2 pot, 4 present (j), 3 present (n), 3 pretty, 4 price, 2 problem, 2

radius, 2 rear (j), 3 rear (n), 3 rectangle, 1 refrigerator, 4 river, 3 roof, 3 round, 1 rug, 4 run/ran, 3

seldom, 4 shape, 1 shelf/shelves, 4 side, 1 sink, 4 slow, 1 sofa, 4 some, 2 square, 1 star, 3 stove, 4 straight, 2 strong, 1 subtract, 2

than, 2 times (x), 2 top, 2 total, 2 triangle, 1

ugly, 4 understand/understood, 2 use, 4 usually, 4

weak, 1 What does (noun/pronoun) look like?, 1 What is (the teacher) like?, 1 What's (it/this/etc.) called?, 1 wide, 1 world, 3

yard, 3

---

Appendix B

STRUCTURE LIST

Adjectives:	Comparisons: -er + than, 2
Adjectives:	Comparisons: superlative -est, 3
Adjectives:	Indefinite: both, other, 1
Adjectives:	Modification position: before nouns, 1
Adverbs:	Interrogative: how + adj (How old... ?), 3
Patterns:	USE + N/P + for + gerund, 4
	USE + N/P + infinitive, 4
Pronouns:	Indefinite: any/both/other/some, 2

Appendix C

PRINCIPAL PARTS OF CERTAIN IRREGULAR VERBS

Present	Past	Past Participle	Present	Past	Past Participle
arise	arose	arisen	flee	fled	fled
awake	awoke	awakened	fly	flew	flown
			forget	forgot	forgotten
be	was	been	forgive	forgave	forgiven
bear	bore	borne	freeze	froze	frozen
beat	beat	beaten
become	became	become	get	got	gotten(got)
begin	began	begun	give	gave	given
bend	bent	bent	grind	ground	ground
bet	bet	bet	grow	grew	grown
bind	bound	bound
bid	bid	bid	hang	hung	hung
bite	bit	bitten	have	had	had
bleed	bled	bled	hear	heard	heard
blow	blew	blown	hide	hid	hidden
break	broke	broken	hit	hit	hit
bring	brought	brought	hold	held	held
build	built	built	hurt	hurt	hurt
burst	burst	burst
buy	bought	bought	keep	kept	kept
			know	knew	known
cast	cast	cast
catch	caught	caught	lay	laid	laid
choose	chose	chosen	lead	led	led
come	came	come	leave	left	left
cost	cost	cost	lend	lent	lent
creep	crept	crept	let	let	let
cut	cut	cut	lie	lay	lain
			light	lit	lit(lighted)
deal	dealt	dealt	lose	lost	lost
dig	dug	dug
do	did	done	make	made	made
draw	drew	drawn	mean	meant	meant
drink	drank	drunk	meet	met	met
drive	drove	driven
			pay	paid	paid
eat	ate	eaten	put	put	put
fall	fell	fallen	quit	quit	quit
feed	fed	fed
feel	felt	felt	read	read	read
fight	fought	fought	ride	rode	ridden
find	found	found	ring	rang	rung

IRREGULAR VERBS (Continued)

Present	Past	Past Participle	Present	Past	Past Participle
rise	rose	risen	wake	woke (waked)	woke (waked)
run	ran	run	wear	wore	worn
			weave	wove	woven
say	said	said	weep	wept	wept
see	saw	seen	wet	wet	wet
seek	sought	sought	win	won	won
shake	shook	shaken	wind	wound	wound
sell	sold	sold	wring	wrung	wrung
send	sent	sent	write	wrote	written
set	set	set
shed	shed	shed
shine	shone	shone
shoot	shot	shot
show	showed	shown
shrink	shrank	shrunk
shut	shut	shut
sing	sang	sung
sink	sank	sunk
sit	sat	sat
sleep	slept	slept
slide	slid	slid
slit	slit	slit
speak	spoke	spoken
spend	spent	spent
spin	spun	spun
split	split	split
spread	spread	spread
spring	sprang	sprung
stand	stood	stood
steal	stole	stolen
stick	stuck	stuck
sting	stung	stung
strike	struck	struck
string	strung	strung
swear	swore	sworn
sweep	swept	swept
swim	swam	swum
swing	swung	swung
take	took	taken
teach	taught	taught
tear	tore	torn
tell	told	told
think	thought	thought
throw	threw	thrown
understand	understood	understood

Appendix D

PATTERNS OF IRREGULAR VERBS

1. Three Principal Parts the Same

hit	hit	hit	bid	bid	bid
quit	quit	quit
split	split	split	hurt	hurt	hurt
			burst	burst	burst
bet	bet	bet
let	let	let	cost	cost	cost
set	set	set
			shed	shed	shed
put	put	put	spread	spread	spread
cut	cut	cut
shut	shut	shut	cast	cast	cast

2. Last Two Principal Parts the Same

a. Final Consonant Change Only

have	had	had	bend	bent	bent
make	made	made	spend	spent	spent
			send	sent	sent
build	built	built

b. Vowel Change Only

meet	met	met
read	read	read
bleed	bled	bled
feed	fed	fed
lead	led	led
light	lit	lit
slide	slid	slid
sit	sat	sat
shoot	shot	shot
hold	held	held
win	won	won
shine	shone	shone
find	found	found
wind	wound	wound
bind	bound	bound
dig	dug	dug
stick	stuck	stuck
strike	struck	struck

c. Vowel Change - Addition of -t or -d

sleep	slept	slept	mean	meant	meant
keep	kept	kept	leave	left	left
creep	crept	crept	flee	fled	fled
weep	wept	wept
			tell	told	told
think	thought	thought	sell	sold	sold
teach	taught	taught
buy	bought	bought	lose	lost	lost
catch	caught	caught
fight	fought	fought	hear	heard	heard
seek	sought	sought	understand	understood	understood

3. Three Principal Parts Differ to Some Extent

a. No Similarity

be	was	been
go	went	gone
do	did	done

b. Vowel Change--Addition of -n

arise	arose	arisen	ride	rode	ridden
drive	drove	driven	rise	rose	risen
fly	flew	flown

c. Vowel Change--No -n

sing	sang	sung	swim	swam	swum
ring	rang	rung
drink	drank	drunk	begin	began	begun

d. First and Third Vowels Similar

blow	blew	blown	run	ran	run
know	knew	known	come	came	come
grow	grew	grown
throw	threw	thrown	eat	ate	eaten
			give	gave	given
			see	saw	seen
			draw	drew	drawn

e. Second and Third Vowels Similar

break	broke	broken	tear	tore	torn
speak	spoke	spoken	wear	wore	worn
choose	chose	chosen	swear	swore	sworn
steal	stole	stolen	bear	bore	born
			get	got	got (gotten)
			forget	forgot	forgotten

---

Appendix E

VERB FORMS

(These are examples of standard conjugations.)

Verb: To Be (Be: Simple Form)

Present Tense

I am	we were
you are	you are
he, she, it is	they are

Present Perfect Tense

I have been	we have been
you have been	you have been
he has been	they have been

Past Tense

I was	we were
you were	you were
he was	they were

Past Perfect Tense

I had been	we had been
you had been	you had been
he had been	they had been

Future Tense*

I will be	we will be
you will be	you will be
he will be	they were

Future Perfect Tense*

I will have been	we will have been
you will have been	you will have been
he will have been	they will have been

Verb: to walk (Walk: Simple Form)

Present Tense

I walk	we walk
you walk	you walk
he, she, it walks	they walk

Present Perfect Tense

I have walked	we have walked
you have walked	you have walked
he has walked	they have walked

Past Tense

I walked	we walked
you walked	you walked
he walked	they walked

Past Perfect Tense

I had walked	we had walked
you had walked	you had walked
he had walked	they had walked

* shall may be used, but it's less common.

E-1

Verb: To Walk (Continued)

Future Tense*

I will walk	we will walk
you will walk	you will walk
he will walk	they will walk

Future Perfect Tense*

I will have walked	we will have walked
you will have walked	you will have walked
he will have walked	they will have walked

Verb: To Walk (Progressive Form)

Present Tense

I am walking	we are walking
you are walking	you are walking
he, she, it is walking	they are walking

Past Tense

I was walking	we were walking
you were walking	you were walking
he was walking	they were walking

Future Tense*

I will be walking	we will be walking
you will be walking	you will be walking
he will be walking	they will be walking

Present Prefect Tense

I have been walking	we have been walking
you have been walking	you have been walking
he has been walking	they have been walking

Past Perfect Tense

I had been walking	we had been walking
you had been walking	you had been walking
he had been walking	they had been walking

* see page E-1

E-2

Verb: To Walk (Continued)

Future Perfect Tense*

I will have been walking	we will have been walking
you will have been walking	you will have been walking
he will have been walking	they will have been walking

Verb: To See (Passive Voice)

Present Tense

I am seen	we are seen
you are seen	you are seen
he, she, it is seen	they are seen

Past Tense

I was seen	we were seen
you were seen	you were seen
he was seen	they were seen

Future Tense*

I will be seen	we will be seen
you will be seen	you will be seen
he will be seen	they will be seen

Present Perfect Tense

I have been seen	we have been seen
you have been seen	you have been seen
he has been seen	they have been seen

Past Perfect Tense

I had been seen	we had been seen
you had been seen	you had been seen
he had been seen	they had been seen

* see page E-1

E-3

Verb: To See (Continued)

Future Perfect Tense*

I will have been seen	we will have been seen
you will have been seen	you will have been seen
he will have been seen	they will have been seen

Verb: To Be (Subjunctive Mood) (used in conditional or contrary-to-the-fact situations)

(If) I were	(If) we were
(If) you were	(If) you were
(If) he, she, it were	(If) they were

* see page E-1

E-4

Appendix F

Punctuation and Capitalization

Punctuation

A. PERIOD (.)

1. Use a period at the end of a statement or command.

   The pen and paper are on the table. Go to the chalkboard and write your name.

2. Use a period after an abbreviation or an initial. Abbreviated military ranks do not require a period.

   Feb. (February) Dr. Smith (Doctor Smith) J. Jones (John Jones) Mr. Brown Mrs. White Ms. Little a.m. p.m.

B. QUESTION MARK (?)

1. Use a question mark after a question. Sometimes the question may be written like a statement.

   How many children are in your family? He's here today?

C. EXCLAMATION MARK (!)

1. Use an exclamation mark after words, sentences, or expressions that show excitement, surprise, or emotion. Any exclamation, even if not a sentence, will end with an exclamation mark.

   What a game! Wow! Look out! Oh! Do it!

D. QUOTATION MARKS (" ")

1. Use quotation marks to show the words of a speaker. They're always placed above the line and are used in pairs.

   John said, "The commissary closes at 2100 hours today." "Where are the children?" she asked.

F-1

2. If the words of the speaker are divided into two parts, use quotation marks around both parts.

   "Do you," she asked, "go to the library after class?"

3. Use quotation marks around the titles of chapters, articles, parts of books and magazines, short poems, short stories, and songs.

   Last night I read the chapter "Grammar Is Easy" in our book. Then I read the article "Learning English" in the newspaper.

E. APOSTROPHE (')

1. Use an apostrophe in contractions.

   I'm	she's	they're
   isn't	aren't	can't
   what's	where's	Bob's

   o'clock (of the clock)

2. Use an apostrophe to indicate possession.

   a. If the noun is singular, add 's. Bill's book the girl's coat

   b. When the noun is plural, add 's if the plural does not end in s. the children's clothes the men's shirts

   c. If the plural noun ends in s, add only an apostrophe. the boys' shoes the libraries' books

F. COMMA (,)

1. Use commas to separate items in a series.

   We ate sandwiches, potato chips, and fruit for lunch. She looked behind the chairs, under the bed, and in the kitchen for her notebook.

F-2

---

2. Use a comma before the conjunctions and, but, or, nor, for, yet when they join independent clauses.

We lived in Venezuela for three years, and then we returned to the United States.

Frank can speak Chinese well, but he can't read it.

3. Use a comma after an introductory clause or phrase to separate it from the rest of the sentence.

After we study this book, we want to take a break. Because John was sick, he didn't take the test.

Looking up at the sky, the small boy suddenly ran home.

4. Use a comma after words such as yes, no, well when they begin a sentence.

Do you want to go to the library? Yes, I do.

I didn't pass the test. Well, study more.

5. Use commas to separate the words of a speaker from the rest of the sentence.

"Listen to me," she said. Jack asked, "Where's my lunch?" "I don't know," said John, "the answer to the question."

6. Use a comma in dates and addresses.

June 9, 1970 143 Main Street, Los Angeles, California

7. Use a comma in figures to separate thousands.

5,000 (or 5000) 10,000 6,550,000

Capitalization

1. Capitalize the first word of a sentence.

The boy stood up and walked outside. Your book is behind the chair.

2. Capitalize the names of people, cities, states, countries, and languages.

Mark	Bill	Mary	Linda
San Antonio	Chicago	Houston	London
Texas	California	Florida	New York
Spain	United States	Canada	Venezuela
Arabic	Chinese	Russian	English

3. Capitalize the names of schools, streets, buildings, bridges, companies, and organizations.

Defense Language Institute University of Chicago Main Street Clark Avenue Empire State Building Golden Gate Bridge Ford Motor Company General Motors National Football League

4. Capitalize the days of the week, months of the year, and holidays.

Sunday	Monday	Tuesday
June	July	August
Christmas	Easter	Thanksgiving

5. Capitalize titles and military ranks before names.

Gen Roberts Capt Smith Sgt Jones Professor Land President Lincoln

6. Capitalize the pronoun "I."

I can't go with you. I'm happy to see you again.

7. Capitalize the first word of every direct quotation.

She asked, "Can I sit here?" "We saw her," said John, "at the University."

FİYATI : 4.500 TL.

---