336 lines
7.9 KiB
Plaintext
336 lines
7.9 KiB
Plaintext
$MODULE
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DIOCO_DOC_ID: dli_german_intro_reading
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TITLE: Introduction to Reading
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DESCRIPTION: This module introduces German pronunciation and spelling rules.
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TARGET_LANG_G: de
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HOME_LANG_G: en
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VOICE_DEFAULT: aoede | Speak clearly and naturally in German
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VOICE_INTRO: aoede | Speak like a friendly narrator
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VOICE_PROMPT: achernar | For exercise prompts
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VOICE_RESPONSE: achird | For exercise responses
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$LESSON Section 1: Vowels a, e, i, o, u
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$GRAMMAR Vowel Pronunciation Rules
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INTRO: Let's learn about the basic German vowels: a, e, i, o, and u.
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**a.** The letter a stands for short a or long a.
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It stands for short a in:
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- {als}
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- {fast}
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- {Garten}
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It stands for long a in:
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- {da}
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- {Rat}
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- {fragen}
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ah and aa always stand for long a:
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- {nah}, {lahm}, {Bahn}
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- {Maat}, {Paar}, {Saal}
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**b.** The letter e stands for extra-short e, short e, or long e.
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It stands for extra-short e in (occurs only in unstressed syllables):
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- {habe}
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- {bekannt}
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- {getan}
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It stands for short e in:
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- {elf}
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- {denn}
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- {nett}
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- {rennt}
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- {fest}
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It stands for long e in:
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- {den}
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- {leben}
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- {Feder}
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eh and ee always stand for long e:
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- {Reh}, {geht}, {fehlt}
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- {Tee}, {Beet}, {Meer}
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**c.** The letter i stands for short i and long i.
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It stands for short i in:
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- {ist}
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- {Hilfe}
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- {bitte}
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It stands for long i in:
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- {Igel}
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- {Bibel}
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- {Tiger}
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ie, ih, and ieh always stand for long i:
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- {die}, {lieber}, {fliegen}
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- {ihm}, {ihnen}, {ihre}
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- {sieht}, {fliehen}, {empfiehlt}
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**d.** The letter o stands for short o and long o.
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It stands for short o in:
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- {oft}
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- {konnte}
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- {Posten}
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It stands for long o in:
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- {oder}
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- {tot}
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- {loben}
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oh and oo always stand for long o:
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- {roh}, {Sohn}, {Kohle}
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- {Boot}, {Moos}, {Moor}
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**e.** The letter u stands for short u and long u.
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It stands for short u in:
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- {bunt}
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- {Butter}
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- {drucken}
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It stands for long u in:
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- {tun}
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- {nur}
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- {guten}
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uh always stands for long u:
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- {Kuh}, {Uhr}, {ruht}
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$DIALOGUE Sight Reading Exercise 1
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INSTRUCTION: Read the following sentences aloud and practice the vowel sounds.
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LINE: Guten Morgen, Herr Oberst!
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LINE: Herr Hartmann ist im Garten.
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LINE: Sie fahren mit dem Boot.
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LINE: Die Kinder baden im Fluss.
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LINE: Holen Sie bitte die Post!
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LINE: Er bekommt die Illustrierte.
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LINE: Die Lehrerin war gestern im Kino.
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LINE: Geht Ihr Bruder denn mit?
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$LESSON Section 2: Umlauts and Diphthongs
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$GRAMMAR Umlauts and Diphthongs
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INTRO: Now let's look at the vowels with umlauts and combinations of vowels called diphthongs.
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**a.** The letter ä stands for short ä and long ä.
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It stands for short ä in:
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- {älter}
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- {bäckt}
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- {Hände}
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It stands for long ä in:
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- {Bär}
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- {Käfer}
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- {Geräte}
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äh always stands for long ä:
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- {nähen}, {fährt}, {Kähne}
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**b.** The letter ö stands for short ö and long ö.
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It stands for short ö in:
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- {können}
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- {öfter}
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- {Löffel}
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It stands for long ö in:
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- {löten}
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- {schön}
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- {mögen}
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öh always stands for long ö:
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- {Höhle}, {Flöhe}, {Söhne}
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**c.** The letter ü stands for short ü and long ü.
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It stands for short ü in:
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- {Glück}
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- {müssen}
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- {fünf}
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It stands for long ü in:
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- {Tür}
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- {über}
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- {müde}
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üh always stands for long ü:
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- {Bühne}, {führt}, {glühte}
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**d.** The sequences ei and ai stand for the same diphthong.
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ei is much more common. It is found in:
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- {ein}, {bleiben}, {heissen}, {Gegenteil}, {Konditorei}
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ai occurs less frequently. It is found in:
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- {Hai}, {Main}, {Kaiser}
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**e.** The sequence au is found in:
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- {auf}, {Frau}, {glauben}, {genau}, {Hauptmann}
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**f.** The sequences eu and äu stand for the same diphthong.
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eu is much more common. It is found in:
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- {neu}, {heute}, {teuer}, {Freundin}, {Leutnant}
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äu occurs less frequently. It is found in:
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- {Häuser}, {läuft}, {Fräulein}
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$DIALOGUE Sight Reading Exercise 2
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INSTRUCTION: Read the following passage aloud.
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LINE: Meine Freundin heisst Trude Kaiser.
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LINE: Sie ist nett und gefällt mir sehr gut.
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LINE: Sie arbeitet in der Konditorei Bluhm.
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LINE: Das Auto dort drüben gehört ihr.
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LINE: Es ist neu und fährt gut.
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LINE: Ich rufe Fräulein Kaiser öfter mal an.
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LINE: Natürlich gehe ich gern mit ihr aus.
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LINE: Heute treffen wir uns um fünf Uhr.
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$LESSON Section 3: Consonant Rules Part 1
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$GRAMMAR Consonants: Word Endings and Sibilants
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INTRO: Next, we will cover how certain consonants change their sound at the end of words, and rules for s, z, and combinations like sch, st, and ch.
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**a.** At the end of a word:
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the letter b is read p:
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- {ab}, {gib}, {gelb}
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the letter d is read t:
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- {Freund}, {Abend}, {Deutschland}
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the letter g is read k:
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- {Tag}, {Weg}, {Dialog}
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the letter v is read f:
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- {Gustav}, {Stativ}, {Infinitiv}
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**b.** -ig at the end of a word is read -ich:
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- {nötig}, {neblig}, {richtig}
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**c.** The letter s:
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s is read like the z in "zeal" at the beginning of a syllable:
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- {so}, {selten}, {sagen}, {lesen}, {gesund}
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s is read like the s in "seal" at the end of a syllable:
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- {was}, {Fenster}, {diesmal}, {morgens}, {Preis}
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ss is always read like the s in "seal":
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- {essen}, {wissen}, {Wasser}
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ß (if used) is likewise read like the s in "seal":
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- {muß}, {ißt}, {Straße}
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*(In this course, ss is regularly used in lieu of ß.)*
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**d.** z and tz both stand for t + s pronounced in rapid succession.
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z is used at the beginning of a word:
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- {zu}, {Zeit}, {Zimmer}
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after long vowels and diphthongs:
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- {duzen}, {siezen}, {Geiz}, {Schnauze}, {kreuzen}
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and after consonants:
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- {ganz}, {Salz}, {herzlich}
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tz is used after a single short vowel:
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- {Platz}, {Schütze}, {setzen}
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**e.** German sch represents the sound /ʃ/ (as in {Schule}):
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- {Schüler}, {schreiben}, {waschen}, {Fischer}, {frisch}
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**f.** st at the beginning of a word is normally read "scht":
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- {stehen}, {Stadt}, {Stuhl}
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**g.** sp at the beginning of a word is normally read "schp":
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- {spät}, {spielen}, {sprechen}
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**h.** The sequence ch:
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ch stands for the "ach"-laut after a, o, u, au:
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- {Sache}, {noch}, {Buch}, {auch}
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ch stands for the "ich"-laut everywhere else (except in a small number of foreign words):
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- {recht}, {Dächer}, {Töchter}, {mich}, {Küche}, {Milch}, {durch}, {manche}, {reich}, {euch}, {Chemie}
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$DIALOGUE Sight Reading Exercise 3
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INSTRUCTION: Read the following passage aloud.
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LINE: Ich bin Schütze, und mein Kamerad ist auch Schütze.
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LINE: Wir sind noch nicht lange hier an der Schule.
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LINE: Wir sollen hier beide Deutsch lernen.
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LINE: Unsere Lehrerin spricht sehr gut Englisch.
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LINE: In der Klasse muss sie aber immer Deutsch sprechen.
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LINE: Der Unterricht ist interessant.
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LINE: Wir lernen täglich einen Dialog.
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LINE: Abends nach dem Essen müssen wir unsere Hausaufgaben machen.
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LINE: Dazu braucht man gewöhnlich den ganzen Abend.
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LINE: Mein Freund meint, Deutsch ist nicht schwer.
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LINE: Ich weiss nicht, ob das stimmt.
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LINE: Was er sagt, ist aber meistens richtig.
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$LESSON Section 4: Consonant Rules Part 2
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$GRAMMAR Consonants: v, w, qu, j, y, x, th
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INTRO: Finally, let's learn about the pronunciation of v, w, qu, j, y, and some consonant clusters.
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**a.** The letter v:
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v is read as f (voiceless) in native German words:
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- {von}, {viel}, {Vogel}
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v is read as a voiced /v/ sound in words of foreign origin (except when at the end of a word):
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- {Venus}, {Vatikan}, {Lava}
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**b.** w is always read as a voiced /v/ sound:
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- {will}, {Welt}, {Wagen}
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**c.** In the sequence qu, the u is read as a voiced /v/ sound:
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- {quer}, {Quadrat}, {Quittung}
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**d.** j is always read as a /j/ sound (like the initial sound in {ja}):
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- {ja}, {jeder}, {jung}
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**e.** The letter y:
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y is read as a /j/ sound before and after vowels:
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- {Yacht}, {Yen}, {Bayern}
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Before and after consonants, y is read like long ü in some words:
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- {Typ}, {physisch}, {Syrien}
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like short ü in others:
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- {Symbol}, {Gymnasium}, {System}
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**f.** x and chs (except where the s is part of a grammatical ending) are read as a /ks/ sound:
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- {Hexe}, {Lexikon}, {boxen}
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- {sechs}, {Achse}, {Büchse}
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**g.** dt is read t(t):
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- {Stadt}, {verwandt}, {Gesandter}
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**h.** th is always read t:
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- {Theodor}, {Thron}, {Mathilde} |